基于QTL定位发现的OsWRI3调控水稻种子的落粒性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物, 落粒性与水稻的产量息息相关。培育适合现代机械化收获且落粒性适中的水稻品种是提高水稻产量的重要策略。然而水稻的落粒性是一个复杂的数量性状且受多方面的影响, 现有理论不能完全解释落粒的现象。因此, 为了挖掘控制水稻落粒的数量性状基因座(quantitative trait loci, QTL)与基因并完善水稻落粒基因的调控网络, 本研究以易落粒的父本YZX和难落粒的母本02428所构建的192个重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RIL)为试验材料进行QTL定位。采用直拉法和斜拉法对开花第30天的192份RIL群体材料进行了全面的分析, 以鉴定在不同环境条件下与水稻种子落粒相关的QTL。在不同环境不同方法下共发现19个与落粒相关的QTL。此外, 通过斜拉法鉴定出1个新的共定位QTL qBSH5.2。通过数据库分析、基因表达量分析、转录组与基因序列分析, 在qBSH5.2中挖掘到了OsWRI3。OsWRI3突变体与野生型(wild type, WT)相比, 表现为更难落粒。在扫描电镜下发现, 突变体相较于WT脱落表面更粗糙且存在弹簧状毛刺结构。同时, 我们发现OsWRI3在水稻穗部与离区的表达量与成熟度呈正相关。并且与WT相比突变体的离区中参与乙烯前体合成的基因下调表达下调。单倍型分析也表明了OsWRI3在调节水稻落粒方面发挥重要的作用, 并且我们挖掘了落粒性适中的优异单倍型组合以适应现代机械化收获。总之, 编码AP2转录因子的OsWRI3的发现不仅为完善与丰富水稻落粒基因调控网络提供了重要的线索, 也为培育适合机械化收获的水稻品种提供了新的遗传资源。

关键词: 水稻, 种子落粒性, QTL定位, AP2转录因子, 单倍型分析

Abstract:

Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and seed shattering is a critical trait that directly affects yield. Developing rice varieties with moderate seed shattering that are suitable for mechanized harvesting is essential for improving yield. However, seed shattering is a complex quantitative trait influenced by multiple factors, and existing theories do not fully explain its underlying mechanisms. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed shattering and refine the gene regulatory network governing this trait, we utilized a population of 192 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the male parent YZX, which exhibits high seed shattering, and the female parent 02428, which has low seed shattering. QTL mapping was conducted using seed shattering data collected at 30 days after flowering, assessed through both pulling and bending methods under different environmental conditions. A total of 19 QTL associated with seed shattering were identified across various environments and methods. Notably, a novel co-located QTL, qBSH5.2, was detected using the bending method. Further analysis, including database searches, gene expression profiling, RNA sequencing, and gene sequence analysis, identified OsWRI3 as a candidate gene within the qBSH5.2 locus. Functional validation showed that the OsWRI3 mutant exhibited significantly reduced seed shattering compared to the wild type (WT). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fracture surface of the mutant was rougher and contained spring-like burr structures, distinguishing it from the WT. Additionally, OsWRI3 expression in the rice panicle and abscission zone was positively correlated with maturity, and genes involved in ethylene precursor synthesis were downregulated in the abscission zone of the mutant compared to the WT. Haplotype analysis further confirmed the regulatory role of OsWRI3 in seed shattering, and we identified favorable haplotype combinations that confer moderate seed shattering, making them suitable for mechanized harvesting. In conclusion, the discovery of OsWRI3, an AP2 transcription factor, not only enhances our understanding of the genetic regulation of seed shattering but also provides valuable genetic resources for breeding rice varieties optimized for mechanized harvesting.

Key words: rice, seed shattering, QTL mapping, AP2 transcription factor, haplotype analysis

杨海洋, 吴林宣, 李博纹, 石翰峰, 袁禧龙, 刘金朝, 蔡海荣, 陈诗怡, 郭涛, 王慧. 基于QTL定位发现的OsWRI3调控水稻种子的落粒性[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1712-1724.

YANG Hai-Yang, WU Lin-Xuan, LI Bo-Wen, SHI Han-Feng, YUAN Xi-Long, LIU Jin-Zhao, CAI Hai-Rong, CHEN Shi-Yi, GUO Tao, WANG Hui. OsWRI3, identified based on QTL mapping, regulates seed shattering in rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1712-1724.

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