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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 1712-1724.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42059

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于QTL定位发现的OsWRI3调控水稻种子的落粒性

杨海洋**(), 吴林宣**, 李博纹, 石翰峰, 袁禧龙, 刘金朝, 蔡海荣, 陈诗怡, 郭涛(), 王慧()   

  1. 华南农业大学 / 国家植物航天育种工程技术研究中心, 广东广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 接受日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2025-07-12 网络出版日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: *王慧, E-mail: wanghui@scau.edu.cn; 郭涛, E-mail: guo.tao@vip.163.com
  • 作者简介:杨海洋, E-mail: yanghaiyang048@163.com
    **同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01);广东省普通高校创新团队项目(2021KCXTD029)

OsWRI3, identified based on QTL mapping, regulates seed shattering in rice

YANG Hai-Yang**(), WU Lin-Xuan**, LI Bo-Wen, SHI Han-Feng, YUAN Xi-Long, LIU Jin-Zhao, CAI Hai-Rong, CHEN Shi-Yi, GUO Tao(), WANG Hui()   

  1. South China Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Accepted:2025-03-26 Published:2025-07-12 Published online:2025-04-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: wanghui@scau.edu.cn; E-mail: guo.tao@vip.163.com
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01);Innovative Team Project of Ordinary Colleges and Universities of Guangdong Province(2021KCXTD029)

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摘要：

水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物, 落粒性与水稻的产量息息相关。培育适合现代机械化收获且落粒性适中的水稻品种是提高水稻产量的重要策略。然而水稻的落粒性是一个复杂的数量性状且受多方面的影响, 现有理论不能完全解释落粒的现象。因此, 为了挖掘控制水稻落粒的数量性状基因座(quantitative trait loci, QTL)与基因并完善水稻落粒基因的调控网络, 本研究以易落粒的父本YZX和难落粒的母本02428所构建的192个重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RIL)为试验材料进行QTL定位。采用直拉法和斜拉法对开花第30天的192份RIL群体材料进行了全面的分析, 以鉴定在不同环境条件下与水稻种子落粒相关的QTL。在不同环境不同方法下共发现19个与落粒相关的QTL。此外, 通过斜拉法鉴定出1个新的共定位QTL qBSH5.2。通过数据库分析、基因表达量分析、转录组与基因序列分析, 在qBSH5.2中挖掘到了OsWRI3。OsWRI3突变体与野生型(wild type, WT)相比, 表现为更难落粒。在扫描电镜下发现, 突变体相较于WT脱落表面更粗糙且存在弹簧状毛刺结构。同时, 我们发现OsWRI3在水稻穗部与离区的表达量与成熟度呈正相关。并且与WT相比突变体的离区中参与乙烯前体合成的基因下调表达。单倍型分析也表明了OsWRI3在调节水稻落粒方面发挥重要的作用, 并且我们挖掘了落粒性适中的优异单倍型组合以适应现代机械化收获。总之, 编码AP2转录因子的OsWRI3的发现不仅为完善与丰富水稻落粒基因调控网络提供了重要的线索, 也为培育适合机械化收获的水稻品种提供了新的遗传资源。

关键词: 水稻, 种子落粒性, QTL定位, AP2转录因子, 单倍型分析

Abstract:

Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and seed shattering is a critical trait that directly affects yield. Developing rice varieties with moderate seed shattering that are suitable for mechanized harvesting is essential for improving yield. However, seed shattering is a complex quantitative trait influenced by multiple factors, and existing theories do not fully explain its underlying mechanisms. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed shattering and refine the gene regulatory network governing this trait, we utilized a population of 192 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the male parent YZX, which exhibits high seed shattering, and the female parent 02428, which has low seed shattering. QTL mapping was conducted using seed shattering data collected at 30 days after flowering, assessed through both pulling and bending methods under different environmental conditions. A total of 19 QTL associated with seed shattering were identified across various environments and methods. Notably, a novel co-located QTL, qBSH5.2, was detected using the bending method. Further analysis, including database searches, gene expression profiling, RNA sequencing, and gene sequence analysis, identified OsWRI3 as a candidate gene within the qBSH5.2 locus. Functional validation showed that the OsWRI3 mutant exhibited significantly reduced seed shattering compared to the wild type (WT). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fracture surface of the mutant was rougher and contained spring-like burr structures, distinguishing it from the WT. Additionally, OsWRI3 expression in the rice panicle and abscission zone was positively correlated with maturity, and genes involved in ethylene precursor synthesis were downregulated in the abscission zone of the mutant compared to the WT. Haplotype analysis further confirmed the regulatory role of OsWRI3 in seed shattering, and we identified favorable haplotype combinations that confer moderate seed shattering, making them suitable for mechanized harvesting. In conclusion, the discovery of OsWRI3, an AP2 transcription factor, not only enhances our understanding of the genetic regulation of seed shattering but also provides valuable genetic resources for breeding rice varieties optimized for mechanized harvesting.

Key words: rice, seed shattering, QTL mapping, AP2 transcription factor, haplotype analysis

附表1

本研究所用引物"

引物名称
Primer name		 正向引物
Forward primer (5'-3')		 反向引物
Reverse primer (5'-3')		 用途
Application
4100 GAGGACCTGTTTCAAGGCCA CCGGCAAAAACCTGTGATGG 基因筛选 Gene screening
4400 TTGGGGAGTTTGTACGGTCG TCCTCAGGGTCTATCCTGCC 基因筛选 Gene screening
4500 GTTGATGGCACGAGGACACT CAAATCCACCTCGAACCACG 基因筛选 Gene screening
5100 GATGGTGGTAGCAAGCCAGT GCACACCAGCCTTCCTTAGT 基因筛选 Gene screening
5200 AGCATCTTCGCCTCAGCTAC TTGGAAAGAAGGCACCCCAA 基因筛选 Gene screening
5900 ACTCCAAGCCCTGATTCGTG CACTCCCCGACTGTTGTTGA 基因筛选 Gene screening
6250 CGTCACGAACTTCGACCTCA TCACCACCACCCAGTGATTG 基因筛选 Gene screening
70actin GGCAGGTTCTGCAGTGGTAT TAAGGTCGGTATCGCCAATC 肌动蛋白基因 Actin gene
6250-CX2 TGATGGTGACACCAATGGTG GCTCCAAGATAGACTGATGC 靶点检测 Target detection
OsACS1 GCAGAGAGGGTACAAGGTGG ACCCTGGGTAGTATGGGGTG 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACS2 GAGGCATCCATTTGCACACC TAAACTGGGCCATCGCCTTT 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACS4 GATGTTGCGCTGGAGAGGAT TGTTGCACATGCCCTTGGTA 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACS5 GCTGGTTCAGGGTGTGCTTC GCTTGTTGCTTTGTTCCATTCC 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACO1 GCAGCATTGTCGTTCCCG CGAGATGCCGTGGTTCAGG 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACO2 GGAGCAGCTGGATGATGCTT CACACGCTTGTAGTGGTCCT 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACO4 GGTTTGAGGAGTGGGGGTTC ACTGCGGGGTTGGATTCTTT 功能分析 Functional analysis
OsACO5 CGACAATGGCTGCGAGGAGT CAAGCACACCTTCTTCACCCG 功能分析 Functional analysis
WRI3-1 GTCTCTCCTGGATCAAATCC TGGTACCTCCTTAGAGATGC 序列分析 Sequence analysis
WRI3-2 CAGCAAGGGCTTATGACCTT GGTGAAAGGATTGCTCTGAG 序列分析 Sequence analysis
WRI3-3 CCCATCTGCCATTCTTCCTA GCTTTGTTGTTCGGCACAAG 序列分析 Sequence analysis

图1

测量方法与落粒性评估 A: 本研究使用的测量仪器; B: 本研究测量过程中样品固定的方法; C: 直拉法的测量方法; D: 斜拉法的测量方法; E: YZX的植株形态(Bar: 20 cm); F: 02428的植株形态(Bar: 20 cm); G~J: YZX与02428开花前期的离区结构, YZX有明显离层, 02428无离层(Bar: 100 μm); K~N: YZX与02428开花第30天的断裂表面扫描电镜, YZX断裂面光滑且完整, 02428粗糙且不完整(Bar: 50 μm); O: 2021年直拉法测量频率分布直方图; P: 2021年斜拉法测量频率分布直方图; Q: 2023年直拉法测量频率分布直方图; R: 2023年斜拉法测量频率分布直方图。"

图2

2021年与2023年采用直拉法和斜拉法所定位的与落粒相关的QTL 图中红色代表不同年份共定位的QTL; 绿色代表不同方法共定位的QTL; 黑色代表无共定位的QTL, 黑色区间表示在水稻5号染色体上已被前人定位的QTL。该图表示的是QTL在染色体上的物理距离(100 kb)。"

附表2

本研究定位到的QTL"

QTL名称
QTL name		 物理位置
Physical location (Mb)		 标记区间
Marker interval		 加性效应
Additive effect		 LOD值
LOD value		 贡献率
Contribution rate (%)
qBSH1.1 3.95-4.05 mk26-mk27 4.56 2.59 6.25
qBSH1.5 28.50-28.75 mk200-mk201 7.09 4.23 10.20
qBSH1.2 29.05-29.25 mk204-mk205 5.97 3.90 9.26
qPSH1.3 34.90-35.05 mk236-mk237 23.40 7.49 17.22
qBSH1.3 36.85-36.95 mk249-mk250 10.97 17.74 35.72
qPSH1.1 38.25-38.45 mk256-mk257 26.60 18.91 39.16
qPSH1.1 38.25-38.45 mk256-mk257 10.90 16.91 36.08
qPSH1.1 38.25-38.45 mk256-mk257 28.72 12.38 27.12
qPSH1.1 38.25-38.45 mk256-mk257 11.40 15.02 31.54
qBSH1.4 39.95-40.05 mk266-mk267 8.29 10.48 23.05
qPSH1.4 42.55-42.65 mk289-mk290 14.44 3.26 7.74
qPSH1.2 42.75-42.85 mk291-mk292 11.91 3.70 8.94
qPSH1.2 42.75-42.85 mk291-mk292 5.03 3.60 8.57
qBSH2 0.85-0.95 mk304-mk305 -4.75 3.15 7.54
qPSH3.1 1.10-1.25 mk559-mk560 11.11 2.98 7.35
qPSH3.2 2.75-2.95 mk574-mk575 12.87 3.94 9.71
qBSH3 28.40-28.55 mk792-mk793 4.81 2.51 5.99
qPSH4 19.25-19.35 mk1003-mk1004 10.95 3.01 7.49
qPSH4 19.25-19.35 mk1003-mk1004 4.53 2.73 6.83
qBSH4 20.55-20.65 mk1016-mk1017 4.55 2.86 6.87
qBSH5.1 21.80-21.95 mk1268-mk1269 4.44 2.67 6.53
qBSH5.2 26.50-26.65 mk1301-mk1302 4.38 2.55 6.17
qBSH5.2 26.50-26.65 mk1301-mk1302 4.81 2.51 5.95
qBSH7 25.35-25.45 mk1748-mk1749 -4.48 2.87 6.92
qBSH9 13.30-13.55 mk2062-mk2063 5.42 3.95 9.70

图3

候选基因数据库分析与离区基因表达量分析 A: 水稻生长发育各组织器官时空基因表达谱; B: 水稻生殖器官生长发育基因表达谱; C: 候选基因在开花前期在YZX与02428离区的表达量差异; D: 候选基因在开花第30天在YZX与02428离区的表达量差异。ns表示无显著性差异, *表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著, **表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。"

图4

转录组与基因序列分析 A: 在qBSH5.2中共有24个基因, 除去编码转座子、反转座子的基因外, 剩余21个基因; 红色图标指转录组存在差异的基因; (+)表示W517相较于DZ129离区表达量上调, (-)表示W517相较于DZ129离区表达量下调; 绿色曲线表示斜拉法定位的LOD值, 红色曲线表示直拉法定位的LOD值。B: Os05g0536250在YZX与02428中的基因序列对比。"

图5

ZH11-OsWRI3的功能验证 A: OsWRI3两种不同的敲除纯合突变株系, ZH11-OsWRI3-1为插入T, ZH11-OsWRI3-2为缺失AT, 2种突变均导致翻译提前终止; B: ZH11-OsWRI3-1与ZH11-OsWRI3-2和ZH11-WT的植株对比(Bar: 20 cm); C: 开花第30天时ZH11-OsWRI3-1与ZH11-OsWRI3-2的BTS值均显著高于ZH11-WT; D: 开花第30天时ZH11-WT与ZH11-OsWRI3-1和ZH11-OsWRI3-2的断裂面扫描电镜(Bar: 50 μm); E: OsWRI3在ZH11的叶、根、茎、叶鞘、叶枕、节间、1~5 cm幼穗、5~10 cm幼穗、开花前期离区(0 d)、开花第30天离区的表达模式; F: WT与突变体ACC合成关键基因表达量差异。##表示该基因不表达, *表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著, **表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。BTS: 断裂拉伸强度。"

图6

OsWRI3的单倍型分析 A: OsWRI3的CDS单倍型分析; B: OsWRI3的启动子单倍型分析; C: OsWRI3的CDS单倍型分析的单倍型分布与不同单倍型之间的BTS值差异; D: OsWRI3启动子单倍型分析的单倍型分布与不同单倍型之间的BTS值差异; E: MBKbase中不同单倍型在7种主要水稻群体中的分布情况; F: OsWRI3与qSH1功能SNP的联合分析。*表示在P < 0.05水平差异显著, **表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平下差异显著。-表示缺失碱基, D1表示缺失片段AATGTAG。BTS: 断裂拉伸强度。"

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