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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1022-1034.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.52038

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻矮化多分蘖基因DMT1的克隆与功能分析

石少阶1(), 刘凯1(), 陈姿夷1,3(), 王卉颖1, 李三和1, 周雷1,2,*(), 游艾青1,2,*()   

  1. 1湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 / 农业农村部作物分子育种重点实验室 / 粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430064
    2湖北洪山实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    3武汉大学生命科学学院, 湖北武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-04-12 网络出版日期:2026-02-05
  • 通讯作者: *游艾青, E-mail: aq_you@hbaas.com; 周雷, E-mail: zhoulei@hbaas.com
  • 作者简介:石少阶, E-mail: shishaojie@hbaas.com;
    刘凯, E-mail: liukai11153@126.com;
    陈姿夷, E-mail: ragi779@163.com
    **同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省青年科技人才培养专项(2025DJA033);湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2024EIA017);国家自然科学基金项目(32501909)

Cloning and functional analysis of the dwarf and multi-tiller gene DMT1 in rice

Shi Shao-Jie1(), Liu Kai1(), Chen Zi-Yi1,3(), Wang Hui-Ying1, Li San-He1, Zhou Lei1,2,*(), You Ai-Qing1,2,*()   

  1. 1Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    2Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    3College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Accepted:2026-01-22 Published:2026-04-12 Published online:2026-02-05
  • Contact: *E-mail: aq_you@hbaas.com; E-mail: zhoulei@hbaas.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Special Program for Cultivating Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Hubei Province(2025DJA033);Hubei Province Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Project(2024EIA017);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32501909)

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摘要：

分蘖数是调控水稻产量的关键农艺性状之一。本研究获得1个新的矮化多分蘖自然突变体dmt1 (dwarf and multi-tiller 1)。表型分析显示, dmt1的分蘖数高达(155.07±18.53)个, 是野生型HY67的12.64倍; 同时, 其株高、穗长、结实率、粒长、千粒重等农艺性状均显著低于HY67。组织切片结果表明, dmt1分蘖数增多的表型可能源于分蘖芽的提早伸长。遗传学分析证实, dmt1的矮化多分蘖表型受1个主效隐性基因控制。通过图位克隆和基因沉默技术, 成功克隆得到DMT1基因。该基因是独脚金内酯(SLs)合成通路中的关键基因D10/OsCCD8 (LOC_Os01g54270)发生点突变产生的新等位变异, 编码产物仅包含OsCCD8蛋白N端的279个氨基酸。RT-qPCR结果显示, SLs和IAA通路相关基因在dmt1突变体与野生型HY67中的表达量存在显著差异。此外, 外源施加IAA可以显著诱导DMT1基因的表达, 并提高SLs合成途径中的中间产物CL和5-DS的含量。上述结果说明, DMT1是介导IAA与SLs通路互作的关键节点。本研究结果丰富了D10/OsCCD8基因的功能认知, 为解析其蛋白结构域的功能提供了理想材料, 对水稻高产育种具有重要理论指导意义。

关键词: 水稻, 独脚金内酯, 生长素, 矮化多蘖, OsCCD8/DMT1

Abstract:

Tiller number is a key determinant of rice yield. In this study, we identified a novel natural dwarf and high-tillering mutant, dmt1 (dwarf and multi-tiller 1), which exhibited a tiller number of 155.07±18.53—12.64 times that of the wild type HY67. However, several agronomic traits, including plant height, panicle length, seed setting rate, grain length, and 1000-grain weight, were significantly reduced in dmt1 compared to HY67. Histological analysis suggested that the increased tiller number in dmt1 may result from the premature elongation of tiller buds. Genetic analysis indicated that the dwarf and high-tillering phenotype of dmt1 is controlled by a single recessive locus. Using positional cloning and gene silencing, we successfully isolated the DMT1 gene. Sequence analysis revealed that DMT1 is a novel allele harboring a point mutation in D10/OsCCD8 (LOC_Os01g54270), a key gene in the strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis pathway. The DMT1 protein consists of only the first 279 amino acids of the N-terminal region of OsCCD8. RT-qPCR analysis showed significant differences in the expression levels of genes related to the SL and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) pathways between HY67 and dmt1. Moreover, exogenous application of IAA significantly induced OsCCD8/DMT1 expression and increased the levels of the SL intermediate products carlactone (CL) and 5-deoxystrigol (5-DS), suggesting that OsCCD8/DMT1 may serve as a key regulatory node in the crosstalk between IAA and SL signaling. This study enriches our understanding of OsCCD8 function and provides valuable genetic material for dissecting the functional domains of the OsCCD8 protein, with important implications for high-yield rice breeding.

Key words: rice, strigolactones (SLs), auxin (IAA), dwarf and more tiller, OsCCD8/DMT1

表1

用于基因定位的标记以及变异位点检测的PCR扩增引物"

名称Name 正向引物Forward primer (5'-3') 反向引物Reverse primer (5'-3')
P1362A01 GGTGGATTAGAGGTTGAGCGG GACGAACACCTTGTAGATCTGTGT
P1362A03 ATTGTGCAGTGAGAGTGGATAAGG CCATTACAACACACGGACCTTTAG
P1362A04 CAGTCACTGAGTCATAACCCTCAT GATGAGTAGTAGAGGTAGGTGGGA
P1362A05 CCTACTTCGTATTGGTGAGTGGAT TTGGAATTATCAGTCACGTTCTCA
P1362A06 CAAAGGCAGTCGTGAATCATTGTA GCGAACCCGCTTATAGGTAAAAAT
P1362A07 GATTCGTCCCTTTGCAAATATCCC GTTGTGTTTTTAGTCCCGGTTGAT
P1362A09 GAACTGCCTCTCGTTGCTACC CCTCACGGAGACCATCAAGG
P1362A10 AGACTAGATAACACCAAGCGTTCA AGGTATTCCAAGTCGGAAAAATGC
P1362A14 CGCGGAATAAAGACGAAAGTACAA TTTACTTCTATGCTCCTGTGTCAG
P1362A16 GTCAGGTTTCGATGGTTTTTCTCG TGTCCCTTAATAGCTCGAGAAGTG
P1362A17 TGTTTGAGCTGCTACTAAAGGACT TTGAATCACCTCCGCTAGTGAATA
P1362A18 TCTGTCGTCCAACATCTCTTCATC AATTTATGGAGCTTGTTGAGGTCG
P1362A19 CTCACGGATATAACCATGCACCTA CCAACCCACTCATCGATACTACTT
P1362A20 TTTCGCTATCGTAGCATCCTAGTC CTGTCACGTGCCCTATTTACGTC
P1362B05 ATCAAGGACATACCAGAGCAAACT AGCCTTTGTCTCATTTTCCAAACA
P1362B09 TACCTAAGTGGTGAGGGGCAAGAT GACCTAAAAACCGTCGAAAGAGAG
P1362B11 GAACTGCCTCTCGTTGCTACC CCTCACGGAGACCATCAAGG
P1362B14 TTACGGTTTAAGACAATGCTGGAA ACACGGATCTGTATTTCCAAAAGC
P1362B15 GCCACTGTATGTCTTCGATTTGAG GGATCAGAATCCGCTCCTACATAA
dmt1-C CTCACGGAGACCATCAAGGG GAGGTGCCACTCGAACTTGT

表2

用于RT-qPCR的引物"

名称Name 正向引物 Forward primer (5'-3') 反向引物 Reverse primer (5'-3')
OsT20 ATCACTAGACATCCACAGA CCTCCTATCACCATTCCA
OsD27 TCTGGGCTAAAGAATGAAAAGGA AGAGCTTGGGTCACAATCTCG
OsD14 GTGCTGTCGCATGGCTTC GCAGGTCGTCGACGTAGG
OsD53 GAGGAGGATAGGAAACCTGTGCC GTCTCCTTTCACTGCTGGTAC
OsTAD1 GCAGTCGTGACAAGAGCATCCT AGCCCACAGACCTCCGATTTATG
OsYUCCA1 TCATCGGACGCCCTCAACGTCGC GGCAGAGCAAGATTATCAGTC
OsYUCCA2 GTCCAAAGGGAGGAGTCGTCCAG GCATGATGTTTACACCCGGCCTT
OsYUCCA4 GCAGAATGGCCTGTACGCTGTTGG CAGACCAGCACATGACGTGTCTAC
OsYUCCA10 GGATGGTGAGGAGGGGAATCTAC TGGACGTCAAAGTGAACAGGGCC
OsTIR1 GATGCTTTCAATCGCCTTCG ACAAGCACGACGACATCCAAAG
OsIAA1 GCCGCTCAATGAGGCATT GCTTCCACTTTCTTTCAATCCAA
OsIAA4 GCTCTTGCTGGATGGGTATGA AGGTGATGGGCGTCTTGAAC
OsIAA14 CCGTCGCCTATGAGGACAAG CGCATTATCCGCAGCTTCTT
OsIAA20 TTGTACGTGAACGGGATTATTTTG CATGCTTATGAAATTGCTGAAACA
OsIAA24 GGCTTGTGCTCTTCGTTGCT CCTCTTGGATTCAGAAACACTGAA
OsARF1 CAATATGTTCCCCAGCTCATGG TCCAAGGCGAGTATTTGGAGG
OsARF6 GTCGGCAGCTTGTATTTGTTGA TCGCCAACTAGAAGAACGTCG
OsARF8 GCAAGGAAATGATCCACGGTAT TGGCACCATGTTCTCTCACTTC
OsPIN1a CATCCTGATCATGGTGTG GGATGGAGATGGATTTCAG
OsPIN1b TGCACCCTAGCATTCTCAGCA CCCTCCTCCCAAATTCTACTT
OsPIN1c GAACCCCAACACTTACTC TGCCATGAACAATCCTAG
OsPIN1d GAACCCAAACACTTACTC ATGCCATGAACAATCCTA
OsPIN5b AGGAGTATGGGCTTCATG GCGTAATATGCAATCAGAATC
OsCCD8 GTTATACAACTATGCCTTT TACGCCTCTATATTACAC
OsActin1 CAGCACATTCCAGCAGAT GGCTTAGCATTCTTGGGT

表3

用于OsCCD8-RNAi载体构建的引物"

名称Name 引物序列Primer sequence (5'-3')
PdkP3F CTCGAGGAATTCGGTACCCC
PdkP4R TTCGAACCCAATTTCCCAACTG
R1F GATGGCACGTACCTGAGGAACG
P3RR2R GGGGTACCGAATTCCTCGAGAATCTTGCCGCTGGCCTTGCA
P4FR2R AATCTTGCCGCTGGCCTTGCAAATCTTGCCGCTGGCCTTGC

图1

野生型HY67和突变体dmt1的分蘖观察 A: HY67和dmt1成熟期植株表型, 标尺: 10 cm; B: HY67和dmt1分蘖数统计结果, 测量15个单株; C: HY67和dmt1有效穗统计结果, 测量15个单株; D: 4叶期HY67和dmt1分蘖芽观察, 标尺: 1 cm; E, F: 4叶期HY67 (E)和dmt1 (F)分蘖芽的石蜡切片图, 红色箭头指示分蘖芽, 标尺: 500 μm。单因素方差分析计算显著性。**表示在0.01水平差异显著。"

图2

野生型HY67和突变体dmt1株高统计 A: HY67和dmt1成熟期株高统计; B: HY67和dmt1节间长度以及穗长统计; C: HY67 (左)和dmt1 (右)成熟期茎秆及节间, 标尺: 10 cm (茎), 5 cm (节间); D, E: 石蜡切片观察HY67 (D)和dmt1 (E)节间细胞, 标尺: 50 μm; F, G: HY67和dmt1节间细胞长(F)、宽(G)统计; H, I: 石蜡切片观察HY67 (H)和dmt1 (I)节间维管束(红色框), 标尺: 50 μm; J, K: HY67和dmt1节间维管束面积(J)和维管束鞘细胞数量(K)统计。单因素方差分析计算显著性。**表示在0.01水平差异显著。"

图3

野生型HY67和突变体dmt1产量性状考察 A-C: HY67 (上)和dmt1 (下)的粒长(A)、粒宽(B)和粒厚(C), 标尺: 5 mm (A), 2 mm (B, C); D-I: HY67和dmt1的粒长(D)、粒宽(E)、粒厚(F)、千粒重(G)、结实率(H)和每穗粒数(I)统计。单因素方差分析计算显著性。**表示在0.01水平差异显著。"

图4

BSA分析结果 红色箭头指示与DMT1基因关联的区间。Δ(SNP-index)值表示混池之间基因型频率的差异。标记与性状关联度越强, Δ(SNP-index)越接近于1。横坐标为染色体长度, 黑色是划窗值拟合线, 蓝色线和红色线分别是95%和99%置信区间阈值线。"

图5

DMT1的定位 A: DMT1基因初定位, 分子标记之间的数字表示交换单株数目; B: DMT1的精细定位, 灰色和白色的柱子分别表示标记为杂合和dmt1纯合基因型, 黑色柱子表示发生交换的区间。"

图6

DMT1候选基因分析 A: dmt1中OsCCD8基因的突变位点示意图, 黑色框表示外显子, 黑色线表示内含子; B: HY67和dmt1中OsCCD8基因的序列比对峰图; C: HY67和dmt1中OsCCD8基因的序列比对图; D: 野生型OsCCD8蛋白和突变蛋白osccd8的氨基酸序列比对图。RPE65和RVT_1保守结构域分别用蓝色和红色箭头和短线标出; E: SLs相关通路基因表达量检测, OsActin1作为内参基因。HY67: 野生型; dmt1: 突变体。通过单因素方差分析计算显著性。*和**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平差异显著。"

图7

DMT1基因的克隆 A: OsCCD8基因沉默植株(OsCCD8-RNAi-1、OsCCD8-RNAi-2、OsCCD8-RNAi-3)中OsCCD8的表达量检测, OsActin1作为内参基因; B: OsCCD8基因沉默植株成熟期表型图; C: OsCCD8基因沉默植株成熟期株高统计; D: OsCCD8基因沉默植株成熟期分蘖数统计; E-G: OsCCD8基因沉默植株粒长(E)、粒宽(F)、粒厚(G)统计; H: OsCCD8基因沉默植株千粒重统计。通过单因素方差分析计算显著性。**表示在0.01水平差异显著。"

图8

IAA合成及信号转导相关基因表达分析 HY67: 野生型; dmt1: 突变体。OsActin1作为内参基因。统计结果通过单因素方差分析计算显著性。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平差异显著。"

图9

外源IAA处理对水稻内源SL含量的影响 A: 100 μmol L-1 IAA溶液处理生长14 d的日本晴幼苗0、6和12 h后OsCCD8/DMT1的表达量检测, OsActin1作为内参基因, 统计结果通过单因素方差分析计算P值, 柱子上不同的字母表示具有显著差异; B, C: 100 μmol L-1 IAA溶液处理生长14 d的日本晴幼苗12 h后, CL (B)和5-DS (C)含量测定。统计结果通过单因素方差分析计算P值。**表示P < 0.01。"

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