无机氮素形态对茶树氮素吸收动力学特性及个体生长的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00327

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用龙井43、乌牛早、迎霜和浙农139等4个茶树品种，在盆栽条件下研究不同形态比例的无机氮肥对苗高和地径的影响，并通过对茶树硝态氮和铵态氮吸收过程的Michaelis-Menten动力学方程比较，探索氮素形态对茶树吸收氮的影响机制。结果表明，氮素形态对苗高影响极显著，对地径影响较小，NO₃^--N : NH₄⁺-N为5∶5处理的苗高增量最大，每年达15.45 cm，纯铵处理最小，每年仅7.03 cm。品种间的苗高增量以乌牛早最大，地径增量以龙井43最小。铵态氮比例增加后，茶树根系对硝态氮吸收的最大速率(V_max)下降，而亲和力先变强，后变弱；铵态氮V_max随铵态氮比例的增加快速上升，然后下降，而亲和能力会逐渐变弱，但铵态氮比例较低时，亲和力变化较缓。NO₃^--N : NH₄⁺-N 为5∶5处理时，各品种茶树对硝态氮和铵态氮的V_max分别在0.24~0.35和0.19~0.30 mmol FW g^-1 d^-1之间，根系亲和力(K_m)在0.65~0.74和0.63~0.80 mmol L^-1之间，对氮素的整体吸收生理特征优于其他处理。在盆栽条件下,不同氮素形态处理会使茶树对两种氮素的V_max和K_m均发生改变，表明茶树体内具备对土壤环境养分变化的适应机制。

关键词: 茶树, 氮素形态, 苗高生长, 地径生长, 吸收动力学特征

Abstract:

The ammonium and nitrate nitrogen are the main inorganic nitrogen in crop cultivation, the rational application of chemical N fertilizer and improvement of N use efficiency in tea plant are important for tea cultivation. There was little research on the relationship between inorganic nitrogen form and root absorption properties of perennial woody plants. In this study, four tea plant cultivars (Wuniuzao, Longjing 43, Yingshuang, and Zhenong 139) were selected for a pot experiment, and the influences of different N fertilizers with different ratio of NO₃^--N : NH₄⁺-N on height growth and girth growth of tea were studied. In order to explore the absorption mechanism of different inorganic N forms, Michaelis-Menten equations of different N forms were established and compared. The results showed that the chemical nitrogen form of the fertilizer had a very significant effect on the height growth of the tea, but no significant effect on girth growth. The tea height significantly increased, and the increment amount reached 15.45 cm per year at 5:5 of NO₃^--N : NH₄⁺-N ratio, while at the pure NH₄⁺-N treatment, the increment amount was only 7.03. Compared with other tea cultivars, the increasing amount in height of Wuniuzao was the most, and in girth of Longjing 43 was the least. The maximum uptake rate (V_max) for nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) absorption decreased when the proportion of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) increased. The affinity to NO₃^--N was enhanced gradually, but weakened when the proportion of NH₄⁺-N was over 50%. The V_max for NH₄⁺-N absorption increased quickly until the proportion of NH₄⁺-N was over 50%, and then decreased slowly. The affinity to NH₄⁺-N weakened slowly until the NH₄⁺-N proportion was over 50%, and quickly when the ammonium proportion was too high. When the NO₃^-: NH₄⁺ was 5:5, the V_maxvalues for NO₃-Nand NH₄⁺-N were 0.24–0.35 and 0.19–0.30 mmol FW g^-1 d^-1, respectively, and the K_m values were 0.65–0.74 and 0.63–0.80 mmol L^-1, respectively, indicating that the nitrogen absorbing status was better than that of other treatments. In the pot experiment, nitrogen forms had a great effect on the nitrogen absorption kinetics, indicating the tea tree had an adaptation mechanism to the change of N fertilizer.

Key words: Camellia sinensis L., Nitrogen form, Seedling height growth, Girth growth, Kinetics of inorganic nitrogen absorption

杜旭华,彭方仁. 无机氮素形态对茶树氮素吸收动力学特性及个体生长的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(2): 327-334.

DU Xu-Hua，PENG Fang-Ren.

Effect of Inorganic Nitrogen Forms on Growth and Kinetics of Ammonium and Nitrate Uptake in Camellia sinensis L.

[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(2): 327-334.

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