沼液与尿素配施对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01401

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2007—2009年度，在总施氮量相同的条件下，比较了沼液与尿素氮肥不同基追比对冬小麦品种温麦28光合特性及产量的影响。在基施沼液的基础上追施尿素，提高叶片PSII潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、PSII光化学最大效率(F_v/F_m)和荧光光化学猝灭系数(q_P)，降低荧光非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)，其PSII量子效率(ΦPSII)和电子传递速率(ETR)优势明显，具有较高的光合速率，尤其是基施25%沼液氮+追施75%尿素氮处理，光合功能强，籽粒产量最高，2007—2008年度达8 277.90 kg hm^-²，2008—2009年度为7 318.07 kg hm^-²。整个生育期单施沼液处理使小麦营养生长过旺，荧光参数变劣，光合速率下降，产量显著降低。单施尿素氮肥处理F_v/F_o和F_v/F_m在开花期前具有明显优势，但在开花期后不再延续前期优势，Φ_PSII和ETR参数年度间存在差异，q_P值持续低于基施沼液追施尿素的配施处理，而q_N值表现相反，荧光参数间不够协调，产量较基施沼液追施尿素处理降低，而较单施沼液处理显著提高。

关键词: 小麦, 沼液, 尿素, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract: A two-year field experiment was carried out to study the physiological basis of photosynthesis when biogas slurry was jointly applied with urea in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to suggest the proper method for applying biogas slurry. Under the control of total input of nitrogen, the treatments with basal biogas slurry and topdressed urea showed relative high values of PSII potential activity (F_v/F_o), the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m), photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P), electron transport rate (ETR), overall photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII), and Pn and low values of non-photochemical quenching coefficient (q_N) of flag leaf from heading to maturity of wheat. The best performance of P_n and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was observed in the treatment of basal biogas slurry (25%) + topdressed urea (75%), which also showed the highest yield of 8 277.90 kg ha^-1 and 7 318.07 kg ha^-1 in 2007–2008 and 2008–2009. The only application of biogas slurry resulted in poor chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and low P_n because of plant malnutrition, and ultimately a significant lower yield than other treatments. Although the highest F_v/F_o and F_v/F_m were observed in the treatment with urea applied only at heading stage, there were obvious unbalanced chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as a continuously low level of q_P, a continuously high level of q_N, and the unstable ETR and Φ_PSII across years. The results suggest that the proper application of biogas slurry in combination with chemical fertilizers may promote grain yield of wheat through optimizing photosynthetic functions, and biogas slurry applied before sowing is better than topdressed at jointing stage.

Key words: Winter wheat, Biogas slurry, Urea, Photosynthetic characteristics, Grain yield

冯伟,管涛,王永华,郭天财,王晨阳,朱云集. 沼液与尿素配施对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(08): 1401-1408.

FENG Wei, GUAN Tao, WANG Yong-Hua, GUO Tian-Cai, WANG Chen-Yang, ZHU Yun-Ji. Effects of Biogas Slurry Combinated with Urea on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(08): 1401-1408.

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