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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (04): 677-685.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00677

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

苏中地区直播水稻的群体生产力及氮肥运筹的效应

张祖建1,谢成林2,谢仁康3,郎有忠1,杨岚1,张菊芳2,朱庆森1,*   

  1. 1 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，江苏扬州225009；2 扬州市农业技术推广站，江苏扬州 225000；3 仪征市作物栽培指导站，江苏仪征211400
  • 收稿日期:2010-08-30 修回日期:2011-01-06 出版日期:2011-04-12 网络出版日期:2011-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 朱庆森, E-mail: zhuqs@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979317
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03)和江苏省扬州市科技项目(YZ2008024)资助。

Population Production Capacity of Direct-Seeding Rice in Central Jiangsu Region and Effects of Nitrogen Application

ZHANG Zu-Jian1,XIE Cheng-Lin2,XIE Ren-Kang3,LANG You-Zhong1,YANG Lang1,ZHANG Ju-Fang2,ZHU Qing-Sen1,*   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Yangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yangzhou 225000, China; 3 Yizheng Crop Cultivation Guidance Station, Yizheng 211400, China
  • Received:2010-08-30 Revised:2011-01-06 Published:2011-04-12 Published online:2011-02-24
  • Contact: 朱庆森, E-mail: zhuqs@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979317

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摘要： 近年来直播水稻在江苏等地区扩展迅速，但其栽培和育种的专项研究很少。本研究对江苏省苏中地区直播稻生产力水平进行了调查，在此基础上进一步实施水稻直播栽培模式下氮肥施用量和运筹比例试验，探讨直播水稻群体生长和产量形成对氮肥施用的反应特征。调查结果显示，苏中地区普通农户直播水稻的产量平均为7 710 kg hm-2，显著低于机插和人工移栽稻，直播稻氮肥施用量一般在270 kg N hm-2之上，氮肥不合理施用的现象普遍存在。小区试验表明，施氮量和氮肥运筹比例均对直播稻产量有显著影响，氮肥施用量主要通过有效穗数和每穗粒数对产量发挥作用，而氮肥运筹比例主要对每穗粒数产生影响。在本试验条件下，氮肥施用量270 kg N hm-2，基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶3的产量最高。在上述施肥条件下，直播水稻群体结构较为合理，个体和群体的物质生产量均处于较高水平，结实期物质生产能力较强，经济系数表现合理的较高水平(0.53左右)，同时有相对较好的抗倒性能。对直播水稻的增产途径和高产群体特征进行了较深入的讨论。

关键词: 直播稻, 产量, 施氮量, 氮肥运筹, 物质生产, 群体结构

Abstract: In recent years, cultivation area of direct-seeding rice in Jiangsu and nearby regions has been expanding rapidly, but the specific research on cultivation and breeding is very little. In this study, based on investigation of the productivity levels of direct-seeding rice in central Jiangsu province, we carried out a test of nitrogen application amount and nitrogen application ratios for direct-seeding rice, to explore the response of dry matter growth and yield to nitrogen fertilizer application. The result showed that, the average yield of direct-seeding rice in central Jiangsu province was 7 710 kg ha-1, which was significantly lower than that of mechanical and manual transplanted rice; the nitrogen fertilizer rate was generally more than 270 kg N ha-1, and the unreasonable application of nitrogen was widespread. Plot experiments showed that the application rate of nitrogen affected yield through panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle, while the application ratio of nitrogen mainly had influence on spikelets per panicle. In the experimental condition, the highest yield was gained when the nitrogen rate was 270 kg N ha-1 and the ratio of basal : tillering : panicle was 4:3:3. When the fertilization is in the optimum conditions, the direct-seeding rice will have more reasonable population structure, higher dry matter production capacity both for individuals and population, more suitable harvest index (0.53 or so) and higher resistance to lodging. The pathway to increase yield and the characteristics for high-yielding direct seeding rice population were also discussed.

Key words: Direct-seeding rice, Grain yield, N-fertilizer level, Nitrogen application ratio, Matter production, Population structure

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