控释尿素与普通尿素混施对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00699

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以释放期60 d的控释尿素为供试材料, 研究相同氮肥用量条件下0、10%、30%、50%、100%的控释氮肥与普通尿素配合追施对夏玉米光合性能、灌浆速率、产量、经济效益及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明: (1)与单施普通尿素处理比较, 控释掺混处理的夏玉米穗位叶净光合速率、叶绿素含量以及硝酸还原酶活性均较高, 籽粒灌浆启动较快, 灌浆活跃期延长。(2)随控释尿素比例的增加, 玉米产量呈先升高后降低的趋势；与普通尿素处理相比, 控释掺混处理的玉米产量分别增加2.90%、7.91%、9.48%和5.68%, 经济效益依次增加397.34、1077.65、1263.94和611.3元 hm^-2。(3)各控释掺混处理的氮肥农学效率依次为8.31、10.55、11.81、12.50和9.46 kg kg^-1, 氮肥利用率依次为29.71%、31.83%、38.49%、40.72%和44.63%, 两项指标分别比普通尿素处理增加1.15%~4.19%和2.12%~14.92%。(4)控释尿素与普通尿素的掺混比例为50%时, 增产效果最好。

关键词: 夏玉米, 控释掺混氮肥, 灌浆速率, 产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract: Using controlled-release urea (CRU) with releasing period of 60 d and conventional urea (U) as experimental materials, the effects of different mixing rates of CRU (0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 100%) and U with the equality of nitrogen fertilization every treatment on photosynthetic efficiency, grain filling rate, grain yield, economic profits and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize were studied. Results were as follows: (1) Net photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll contents and nitrate reductase activity in ear leaves of treatments with different ratio of CRU were always higher , the grain filling was started-up faster and grain active filling duration was longer than those of U treatment. (2) With the increase of proportion of CRU, the grain yield was increased firstly and then gradually decreased .Compared with U treatment, the increase of grain yield in CRU+U treatments was 2.90%, 7.91%, 9.48%, and 5.68% in turn and the increase of economic profits was 397.34, 1 077.65, 1 263.94, and 611.3 yuan ha^-1 in turn. (3) In all treatments, nitrogen agronomy efficiency was 8.31, 10.55, 11.81, 12.5, and 9.46 kg kg^-1 in turn, among them, CRU treatments showed 1.15–4.19% more than U treatment; nitrogen use efficiency was 29.71%, 31.83%, 38.49%, 40.72%, and 44.63% in turn, among them CRU treatments showed 2.12–14.92% more than U treatment. (4) Applying CRU with a mixing ratio of 50% was most beneficial to increase the yield of summer maize.

Key words: Summer maize, Controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea, Filling rate, Grain yield, Nitrogen utilization efficiency

李伟，李絮花，李海燕，彭强，刘旭凤，唐慎欣. 控释尿素与普通尿素混施对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(04): 699-706.

LI Wei,LI Xu-Hua,LI Hai-Yan,PENG Qiang,LIU Xu-Feng,TANG Shen-Xin. Effects of Different Mixing Rates of Controlled-release Urea and Common Urea on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Summer Maize[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(04): 699-706.

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