施氮量对江苏不同年代中粳稻品种产量与群体质量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01412

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以江苏省近60年来各阶段具有代表性的12个中粳稻品种(含超级稻)为材料。依据种植推广年代结合株型和基因型将其分为20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代和2000年以后6个类型，进行0N (不施氮，0N)、240 kg hm^-2(中氮，MN)和360 kg hm^-2(高氮，HN) 3种氮肥用量处理，并观察其对水稻产量和群体质量的影响。结果表明, 产量随品种改良逐步提高，在0N、MN和HN三种施氮量条件下，由20世纪50年代早期品种到2000年以后的超级稻品种，产量增幅分别为4.45~4.64 t hm^-2、5.89~5.93 t hm^-2和8.45~8.62 t hm^-2。2000年以前的中粳稻品种产量表现为MN>HN>0N; 2000年以后的超级稻品种则表现为HN>MN>0N。2000年以前的中粳稻品种在中氮处理下具有较高群体质量指标(茎蘖成穗率、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累、有效叶面积和高效叶面积指数、粒叶比、着粒密度、剑叶光合速率和根系氧化力)，2000年以后的超级稻品种则在高氮处理下具有较高的群体质量指标。这些结果表明, 早期品种对氮肥响应较现代超级稻品种敏感，超级稻品种则在高氮水平下具有更高的产量。群体质量的改善是品种改良增加产量以及超级稻品种在高氮水平下物质生产和产量提高的重要原因。

关键词: 粳稻, 品种改良, 氮肥, 产量, 群体质量, 超级稻

Abstract:

It is important to find a fast, reliable and accurate method for estimating canopy construction parameters in the study of vegetation-climate interaction. In the present study, three rice varieties with different canopy structures were chosen as experimental materials. A digital camera with a fisheye lens was used to take photos in eight heights of rice canopy to develop a new approach for concluding rice canopy. Canopy gaps were extracted from those photos, and then leaf area index (LAI) and mean leaf angle (MLA) could be inversed by Beer-Lambert theory, based on the quantitative relationship between the radiation condition and the canopy structure. Results showed that LAI inverted from the hemispherical photograph was 7.6%–13.1% less than that measured manually, and the root mean square error (RMSE) between them was 1.20–1.45. The data showed that hemispherical photography was better than Sunscan canopy system. Moreover, MLA inverted from the hemispherical photograph was related to that measured manually with 0.9205^** of correlation coefficient and 11.7° of RMSE. Therefore, hemispherical photography is a feasible technology to indirectly measure the rice canopy structure.

Key words: Japonica rice, Improvement of cultivars, Nitrogen fertilizer, Grain yield, Population quality, Super rice

陈露,张伟杨,王志琴,张耗,刘立军,杨建昌*. 施氮量对江苏不同年代中粳稻品种产量与群体质量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(08): 1412-1423.

CHEN Lu,ZHANG Wei-Yang,WANG Zhi-Qin,ZHANG Hao,LIU Li-Jun,YANG Jian-Chang*. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield and Population Quality of Mid-season Japonica Rice Cultivars at Different Decades in Jiangsu[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(08): 1412-1423.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01412

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2014/V40/I08/1412

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