供水与地膜覆盖对干旱灌区玉米产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00778

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究限量供水与地膜覆盖对玉米产量的耦合效应对于充实干旱内陆灌区水资源高效利用理论具有重要意义。在甘肃河西石羊河流域通过田间试验研究了不同覆膜方式(全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖和未覆膜)和不同灌水水平(7200、6450和5700 m³hm^-2)对玉米产量的影响。结果表明，地膜覆盖方式与灌水量对玉米籽粒产量、收获指数、双穗率、穗粒数、粒重及水分利用效率有显著影响，且二者互作效应显著。全膜覆盖高、中灌水量条件下，玉米籽粒产量分别达到13 275.5 kg hm^-2和12 880.5 kg hm^-2，显著高于同等灌水量的半膜覆盖和未覆膜处理，增幅达7.0%~31.0%。全膜覆盖条件下玉米水分利用效率达到16.9 kg mm^-1 hm^-2，较半膜覆盖和未覆膜处理分别高12.7%和6.3%，差异显著。全膜覆盖结合高灌水量的双穗率、穗粒数和粒重在各处理中均表现最高，分别达到23.9%、658.6粒穗-1和36.4 g 100粒-1。全膜和半膜覆盖条件下，高灌水量处理玉米全生育期平均叶面积指数(LAI)分别达到2.8和2.7，显著高于对应低灌水处理，中等灌水量处理与低灌水量处理，平均LAI差异不显著；0~30 cm土壤含水量和0~25 cm土层＞0℃积温分别达到23.9%和3717.9℃，显著高于其他各处理。通径分析结果进一步说明，地膜覆盖主要是通过提高双穗率、增加叶面积指数来提高试区玉米粒重和穗粒数，从而提高玉米籽粒产量，而双穗率、平均叶面积指数的提高均可归因于耕层土壤水热状况的改善。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 产量, 土壤水分, 土壤积温, 叶面积指数

Abstract:

The knowledge on coupling effect of plastic film mulching and limited water supply on corn yield in inland irrigation area is essential in developing effective cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted to reveal yield formation process and mechanism of corn under different plastic film mulching patterns (full-film, half-film and no mulching) and irrigation quota treatments (7200, 6450, and 5700 m³ ha^-1) in Shiyanghe River Basin of Gansu Hexi Corridor. The results showed that plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation levels had significant effect on grain yield, harvest index, double-ear rate, seed number per ear, seed weight and water use efficiency(WUE). The grain yield reached 13 275.5 and 12 880.5 kg ha^-1 under full-film mulching with high and moderate irrigation levels, respectively, which was 7.0% to 31.0% higher than that under half-film mulching and no mulching with the same irrigation level.The WUE reached 16.9 kg mm^-1 hm^-2 under full-film mulching treatment, which was 12.7% and 6.3% higher than that under half-film mulching and no mulching treatments respectively.Full-film mulching with high irrigation level had the greatest double-ear rate, seed number per ear and seed weight, which were 23.9%, 658.6 per ear and 36.4 g per 100 grain respectively. The average leaf area index (LAI) achieved 2.8 and 2.7 under full-film and half-film mulching with high irrigation level, respectively, which were significantly higher than that with low irrigation level. Moreover, soil water content in the soil layer from 0 to 30 cm and accumulated soil temperature of 0 to 25 cm was up to 23.9% and 3717.9°C, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. It can be concluded that plastic film mulching increased the grain yield by improving seed number per ear and seed weight, resulting from the enhancement of double-ear rate and average LAI due to improving soil thermal characteristics.

Key words: Plastic film mulching, Yield, Soil water, Accumulated soil temperature, LAI

于爱忠,柴强*. 供水与地膜覆盖对干旱灌区玉米产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(05): 778-786.

YU Ai-Zhong,CHAI Qiang*. Effects of Plastic Mulching and Irrigation on Yield of Corn in Arid Oasis Irrigation Area[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(05): 778-786.

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