稻–麦轮作下9000 kg hm–2产量水平扬麦20的群体质量及花后光合特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在稻麦两熟制条件下, 于2010—2011和2011—2012年度, 通过氮肥施用量、施用时期及比例的调控, 建立了扬麦20不同产量水平群体, 比较≥9000 kg hm^–2群体(P1)与<9000 kg hm^-2群体(P2)的产量构成、群体质量及花后光合特征, 为稻茬小麦大面积高产提供理论依据和技术支撑。P1较P2群体产量高约10%, 每穗粒数高约5.5%, 差异显著, 但两群体的穗数和千粒重差异不显著。P1群体的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别为482~538万 hm^-2、47~49粒和34~39 g。籽粒产量与孕穗和开花期叶面积指数(LAI)及花后LAI衰减率和光合势呈抛物线关系, 与乳熟期LAI、粒(重)/叶比和群体生长率呈显著线性正相关。两年度试验结果表明P1群体具有以下特征, 孕穗期、开花期和乳熟期的LAI分别为6.5~7.0、5.0~6.0和4.0~4.5; 粒(数)/叶比为0.37~0.39, 粒(重)/叶比为13.5~14.5; 花后LAI衰减率、群体生长率、光合势和净同化率分别为0.13~0.15 d^-1、19~20 g m^-2 d^-1、103~118×10⁴ m² d hm^–2和9~11 g m^–2d^–1。花后21 d和28 d, 剑叶SPAD值、净光合速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量及3种抗氧化酶(CAT、POD和SOD)活性与产量相关性均达极显著水平。研究表明, 稻–麦轮作体系中, 扬麦20达到9000 kg hm^–2产量水平的栽培技术关键点是获得适宜穗数的基础上, 主攻每穗粒数与千粒重的协调增加, 使群体在花前具有较高的光合面积和光合速率, 花后光合面积衰减速率低, 维持较高的光合面积, 从而充分积累花后光合物质, 在适宜库容基础上保障对库充实的需求。

关键词: 稻–麦轮作, 高产小麦, 产量构成, 群体质量, 光合特性

Abstract:

9000 kg ha^-1) wheat production in rice–wheat rotation system. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 20) populations with yield level ≥9000 kg ha^-1 (P1) and <9000 kg ha^{-2 leaf and 13.50–14.50 mg grain cm^-2 leaf; LAI decrease rate of 0.13–0.15 d^-1 after anthesis; population growth rate of 19–20 g m^-2 d^-1 after anthesis; photosynthetic potential of 1.03–1.18 million m² d ha^–1 after anthesis; and net assimilation of 9–11 g m^–2 d^–1 after anthesis. At the stages of 21 and 28 days after anthesis, the SPAD reading, net photosynthetic rate, malondialdehyde content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD and SOD) in flag leaves were significantly correlated with grain yield. Our results suggest the following key points of cultivar potential for 9000 kg ha^-1 yield potential of Yangmai 20 in rice–wheat rotation system are suitable population spike number as the basis; synchronous increases of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight; high photosynthetic area and photosynthetic rate before anthesis; slow decrease of photosynthetic area after anthesis with its maintainable high level, and an abundant accumulated assimilate meeting to the sink enrichment.}

Key words: Rice–wheat rotation system, High-yield wheat production, Yield components, Population quality, Photosynthesis

丁锦峰, 黄正金, 袁毅, 朱新开, 李春燕, 彭永欣, 郭文善. 稻–麦轮作下9000 kg hm^–2产量水平扬麦20的群体质量及花后光合特征[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(07): 1086-1097.

DING Jin-Feng, HUANG Zheng-Jin, YUAN Yi, ZHU Xin-Kai, LI Chun-Yan, PENG Yong-Xin, GUO Wen-Shan. Population Quality and Photosynthetic Characteristics after Anthesis in Yangmai 20 with Yield Potential of 9000 kg ha⁻¹ in Rice–Wheat Rotation System[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(07): 1086-1097.

参考文献

[1]Timsina J, Connor D J. Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges. Field Crops Res, 2001, 69: 93–132

[2]Ladha J K, Dawe D, Pathak H, Padre A T, Yadav R L, Singh B, Singh Y, Singh Y, Singh P, Kundu A L, Sakal R, Ram N, Regmi A P, Gami S K, Bhandari A L, Amin R, Yadav C R, Bhattarai E M, Das S, Aggarwal H P, Gupta R K, Hobbs P R. How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice–wheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Res, 2003, 81: 159–180

[3]Dawe D, Frolking S, Li C S. Trends in rice–wheat area in China. Field Crops Res, 2004, 87: 89–95

[4]Jing Q, Keulen H V, Hengsdijk H. Modeling biomass, nitrogen and water dynamics in rice–wheat rotations. Agric Syst, 2010, 103: 433–443

[5]程顺和, 郭文善, 王龙俊. 中国南方小麦. 南京: 江苏科学技术出版社, 2012

Cheng S H, Guo W S, Wang L J. Wheat in South China. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 2012 (in Chinese)

[6]Li H, Liu L, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. Agronomic and physiological performance of high-yielding wheat and rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River of China. Field Crops Res, 2012, 133: 119–129

[7]朱新开, 郭文善, 王龙俊, 束林华. 江苏小麦高产超高产创建途径分析. 见: 张洪程主编. 作物生产理论与技术研究进展. 扬州大学农学院, 2011. pp 107–125

Zhu X K, Guo W S, Wang L J, Shu L H. Method analysis of realizing wheat with high-yield and super-high-yield potential in Jiangsu. In: Zhang H C, eds. Advance in theory and techniques for crops production. Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, 2011. pp 107–125 (in Chinese)

[8]凌启鸿. 作物群体质量. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2000

Lin Q H. Crop Population Quality. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 2000 (in Chinese)

[9]于振文, 田奇卓, 潘庆民, 岳寿松, 王东, 段藏禄, 段玲玲, 王志军, 牛运生. 黄淮麦区冬小麦超高产栽培的理论与实践. 作物学报, 2002, 28: 577–585

Yu Z W, Tian Q Z, Pan Q M, Yue S S, Wang D, Duan Z L, Duan L L, Wang Z J, Niu Y S. Theory and practice on cultivation of super high yield of winter in the wheat fields of Yellow River and Huaihe River districts. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28: 577–585 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10]郝代成, 高国华, 朱云集, 郭天财, 叶优良, 王晨阳, 谢迎新. 施氮量对超高产冬小麦花后光合特性及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30: 346–352

Hao D C, Gao G H, Zhu Y J, Guo T C, Ye Y L, Wang C Y, Xie Y X, Effects of nitrogen application rate on photosynthesis characteristics after anthesis and high grain yield of winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30: 346–352 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11]高海涛, 王育红, 孟战赢, 吴少辉, 张园. 超高产小麦产量及旗叶生理特性的研究. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30: 1080–1084

Gao H T, Wang Y H, Meng Z Y, Wu S H, Zhang Y. Study on grain yield and physiological characteristics of flag leaves in super high yield winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30: 1080–1084 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[12]朱新开, 郭文善, 何建华, 封超年, 袁秋勇, 吴福龙. 淮南麦区超高产小麦产量形成特点及其生理特性分析. 麦类作物学报, 1998, 18: 40–44

Zhu X K, Guo W S, He J H, Feng C N, Yuan Q Y, Wu F L. Yield formation and physiological characteristics of super high yield wheat in north part of Huaihe river region. J Triticeae Crops, 1998, 18: 40–44 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[13]李春燕, 徐月明, 郭文善, 封超年, 刘萍, 朱新开, 彭永欣. 氮素运筹对弱筋小麦扬麦9号产量、品质和旗叶衰老特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29: 524–529

Li C Y, Xu Y M, Guo W S, Feng C N, Liu P, Zhu X K, Peng Y X. Effects of nitrogen application strategies on leaf senescence, grain yield and quality of weak gluten wheat variety Yangmai 9. J Triticeae Crops, 2009, 29: 524–529 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14]鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000

Lu R K. The Agricultural Chemical Analysis Method of Soil. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000 (in Chinese)

[15]朱冬梅, 刘蓉蓉, 马谈斌, 郭文善, 张伯桥, 高德荣, 彭永欣. 弱筋小麦扬麦15优质高产群体调控技术研究. 江苏农业科学, 2005, (6): 16–21

Zhu D M, Liu R R, Ma T B, Guo W S, Zhang B Q, Gao D R, Peng Y X. Study on management techniques of high-yield and good-quality populations in weak-gluten wheat variety Yangmai 15. Jiangsu Agric Sci, 2005, (6): 16–21 (in Chinese)

[16]陆成彬, 张伯桥, 高德荣, 范金平, 程顺和. 弱筋小麦高产优质栽培模式研究. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26: 91–94

Lu C B, Zhang B Q, Gao D R, Fan J P, Cheng S H. Optimum cultication scheme for high yield and good quality of weak gluten wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26: 91–94 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17]刘萍, 郭文善, 徐月明, 封超年, 朱新开, 彭永欣. 种植密度对中、弱筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26: 117–121

Liu P, Guo W S, Xu Y M, Feng C N, Zhu X K, Peng Y X. Effect of planting density on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten and medium-gluten wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26: 117–121 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[18]朱新开, 郭文善, 周君良, 胡宏, 张影, 李春燕, 封超年, 彭永欣. 氮素对不同类型专用小麦营养和加工品质调控效应. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 640–645

Zhu X K, Guo W S, Zhou J L, Hu H, Zhang Y, Li C Y, Feng C N, Peng Y X. Effect of nitrogen on grain yield, nutritional quality and processing quality of wheat for different end use. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 640–645 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]田纪春, 陈建省, 王延训, 张永祥. 氮素追肥后移对小麦籽粒产量和旗叶光合特性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34: 101–103

Tian J C, Chen J S, Wang Y X, Zhang Y X. Effects of delayed-nitrogen application on grain yield and photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves of wheat cultivars. Sci Agric Sin, 2001, 34: 101–103 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]杜永, 王艳, 王学红, 刘辉, 杨成, 杨建昌. 稻麦两熟区超高产小麦株型特征研究. 麦类作物学报, 2008, 28: 1075–1079

Du Y, Wang Y, Wang X H, Liu H, Yang C, Yang J C. Plant-type characteristics of super-high-yield wheat in rice-wheat cropping system. J Triticeae Crops, 2008, 28: 1075–1079 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[21]张洪程, 许轲, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 钱晓晴, 陈庆明, 段藏禄, 周基泽, 陈辛牛, 韩宣文, 潘山成, 任灵枝, 宋晓银, 崔男, 王有亮, 孙启善, 张玉勤, 尹兰福, 赵新华, 李本良. 黄淮地区小麦超高产形成及其特征的初步研究. 江苏农业科学, 1998, (2): 2–6

Zhang H C, Xu K, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Qian X Q, Chen Q M, Duan Z L, Zhou J Z, Chen X N, Han X W, Pan S C, Ren L Z, Song X Y, Cui N, Wang Y L, Shun Q S, Zhang Y Q, Yin L F, Zhao X H, Li B L. Preliminary study on yield formation characteristics of super high yield wheat in Huang-Huai plain. Jiangsu Agric Sci, 1998, (2): 2–6 (in Chinese)

[22]郭文善, 封超年, 严六零, 彭永欣, 朱新开, 宗爱国. 小麦开花后源库关系分析. 作物学报, 1995, 21: 334–340

Guo W S, Feng C N, Yan L L, Peng Y X, Zhu X K, Zong A G. Analysis on source-sink relationship after anthesis in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 1995, 21: 334–340 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23]封超年, 郭文善, 王甫同, 朱新开, 彭永欣. 小麦高粒叶比群体建成特点研究. 中国农业科学, 1999, 32: 47–55

Feng C N, Guo W S, Wang F T, Zhu X K, Peng Y X. Mechanism of the population formation with high grain-leaf ratio in wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 1999, 32: 47–55 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24]慕美财,张曰秋, 崔从光, 衣淑玉, 麻常运, 荀艳波. 冬小麦高产群体源-库-流特征及指标研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18: 35–40

Mu M C, Zhang Y Q, Cui C G, Yi S Y, Ma C Y, Xun Y B. Analysis of source-sink-translocation characteristics and indicators for high-yield colony of winter wheat. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2010, 18: 35–40 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[25]丁锦峰. 稻茬小麦超高产群体形成机理与调控. 扬州大学博士论文, 江苏扬州, 2013

Ding J F. Formation Mechanism and Regulation of Super-High-Yielding Population in Wheat Following Rice. PhD Dissertation of the Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2013 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[26]丁锦峰, 杨佳凤, 王云翠, 陈芳芳, 封超年, 朱新开, 李春燕, 彭永欣, 郭文善. 长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体干物质积累与分配特性. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32: 1118–1123

Ding J F, Yang J F, Wang Y C, Chen F F, Feng C N, Zhu X K, Li C Y, Peng Y X, Guo W S. Accumulation and distribution characteristics of dry matter of super high yield wheat under rice stubble in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River. J Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32: 1118–1123 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27]岳寿松, 于振文, 余松烈, 许玉敏. 不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦旗叶衰老和粒重的影响. 中国农业科学, 1997, 30(2): 42–46

Yue S S, Yu Z W, Yu S L, Xu Y M. Effects of nitrogen application at different growth stages on the senescence of flag leaves and grain yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Agric Sin, 1997, 30(2): 42–46 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28]Jiang D, Dai T, Jing Q, et al. Effects of long term fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in winter wheat. Photosynthetica, 2004, 42: 439–446.

[29]Burkart S, Manderscheid R, Weigel H J. Design and performance of a portable gas exchange chamber system for CO2- and H2O-flux measurements in crop canopies. Environ Exp Bot, 2007, 61: 25–34.

[30]Khaliq I, Irshad A, Ahsan M. Awns and flag leaf contribution towards grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cereal Res Commun, 2008, 36: 65–76.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

368

HTML			PDF

Just accepted	Online first	Issue	Just accepted	Online first	Issue
0	0	0	0	0	368

From	Others	local

Times	3	365
Rate	1%	99%

Abstract

358

Just accepted	Online first	Issue

0	0	358

From	Others	local

Times	64	294
Rate	18%	82%

Cited

Web of Science	Crossref	ScienceDirect	Search for Citations in Google Scholar >>


This page requires you have already subscribed to WoS.

Shared

Discussed