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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (03): 415-426.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00415

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同年代中籼水稻品种的叶片光合性状

剧成欣1,陶进1,钱希旸1,顾骏飞1,张耗1,赵步洪2,刘立军1,王志琴1,杨建昌1,*   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009;2江苏省里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-11 修回日期:2015-11-20 出版日期:2016-03-12 网络出版日期:2015-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨建昌, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979317
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271641, 31201155, 31471438),中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(农业)(201103003, 201203079), 国家“十二五”科技计划项目(2014AA10A605, 2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD04B08, 2013BAD07B09), 江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2014]313), 江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYZZ15_0364)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)资助。

Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mid-season Indica Rice Varieties Applied at Different Decades

JU Cheng-Xin1,TAO Jin1,QIAN Xi-Yang1,GU Jun-Fei1,ZHANG Hao1,ZHAO Bu-Hong2,LIU Li-Jun1,WANG Zhi-Qin1,YANG Jian-Chang1,*   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225007, China
  • Received:2015-07-11 Revised:2015-11-20 Published:2016-03-12 Published online:2015-12-18
  • Contact: 杨建昌, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979317
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271641, 31201155, 31471438), China National Public Welfare Industry (Agriculture) Plan (201103003, 201203079), the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2014AA10A605, 2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD04B08, 2013BAD07B09), Jiangsu “Three-innovation” Agricultural Project (SXGC[2014]313), Jiangsu Creation Program for Post-graduation Students (KYZZ15_0364) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

摘要:

旨在探明中熟籼稻在品种改良过程中籽粒产量和叶片光合性能的变化特点。以江苏省近70年来不同年代在生产上应用的12个代表性中籼水稻品种(含杂交稻组合)为材料,依据应用年代将其分为20世纪50—60年代、60—70年代、80—90年代和21世纪00—10年代(超级稻) 4种类型,研究其产量、冠层结构及叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明,随品种的改良,中籼水稻品种的产量不断提高。群体总颖花量、面积指数和粒叶比显著增加,叶基角减小,群体透光率、光合势(绿叶面积持续期)、抽穗期剑叶光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和PSII最大和实际光化学效率以及荧光与非荧光淬灭系数增加。最大叶面积指数和全生育期总光合势与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关。灌浆期剑叶光合速率、气孔导度、PSII最大和实际光化学量子效率以及荧光和非荧光淬灭系数与结实率或粒重呈显著相关。表明在品种改良过程中,株型和叶片光合性能的改善是中籼水稻产量提高的重要原因。

关键词: 中籼水稻, 株型, 光合速率, 叶绿素荧光, 产量

Abstract:

The objective of this study was toinvestigate the changes in grain yield and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of mid-season indica rice varieties during their improvement. Twelve typical indica varieties (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 70 years were used, and classified into four types of 1950–1960s, 1960–1970s, 1980–1990s and 2000–2010s (super rice) according to their application decades. The grain yield, canopy structure and leaf photosynthetic characteristics were determined. The results showed that the grain yield was progressively increased with the improvement of varieties. With the process of improvement of varieties, the total number of spikelets, leaf area index and grain-leaf ratio were markedly increased, while the leaf base angel was decreased. The improvement of varieties increased the light transmittance ratio, photosynthetic potential (green leaf area duration), net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, the maximum and the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching coefficient and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient of leaves from heading to maturity. The maximum leaf area index and the total photosynthetic potential during the whole growing season were very significantly correlated with grain yield. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, the maximum and the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching coefficient and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient of leaves during grain filling were significantly correlated with filled grain percentage and grain weight. The results indicate that the increase in grain yield in the processof varietal improvement is mainly attributed to the improvement in plant types and leaf photosynthetic characteristics in mid-season indica rice.

Key words: Middle-season indica rice, Plant type, Photosynthetic rate, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Grain yield

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