作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 885-898.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00885
王力,孙影,张洪程*,魏海燕,朱大伟,朱盈,徐栋,霍中洋
WANG Li,SUN Ying,ZHANG Hong-Cheng*,WEI Hai-Yan,ZHU Da-Wei,ZHU Ying,XU Dong,HUO Zhong-Yang
摘要:
以优良食味粳稻代表品种南粳2704和南粳9108为试验材料,设置在移栽期、有效分蘖期、倒四叶期、倒二叶期分别单施锌肥、单施硅肥、锌硅肥配施处理,比较其对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与不施锌硅肥相比,不同时期施用锌硅肥均能提高优良食味粳稻产量,倒四叶期施用锌肥产量最高,2015年与2016年南粳2704增产4.70%、7.82%,南粳9108增产5.50%、5.39%。各处理的水稻平均产量呈单施锌肥>单施硅肥>锌硅肥配施。在倒四叶期单施锌肥和锌硅肥配施产量最高,而在有效分蘖期单施硅肥产量最高。在不同时期施用锌硅肥,均能使稻米的糙米率降低,精米率和整精米率增加,同时还降低垩白率和垩白度,其中以倒二叶期施用锌硅肥显著增加粳稻外观品质。不同时期施用锌硅肥对蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量的影响因处理而异,但均能增加稻米的胶稠度、口感、食味值、最高黏度和崩解值,降低消减值,其中以倒二叶期施用锌硅肥效果最为显著。相关分析表明,最高黏度、崩解值和消减值与蒸煮食味品质中的直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、口感和食味值显著或极显著相关。由此可见,在倒四叶期施用锌肥能提高优良食味粳稻产量;倒二叶期施用锌硅肥能提高稻米的蒸煮食味品质。
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