作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 875-884.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00875
蒯婕1,左青松2,陈爱武3,程雨贵4,梅少华5,吴江生1,周广生1,*
KUAI Jie1,ZUO Qing-Song2,CHEN Ai-Wu3,CHENG Yu-Gui4,MEI Shao-Hua5,WU Jiang-Sheng1,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*
摘要:
为建立与油菜相匹配的高产高效栽培管理方式,设置3种栽培模式即常规栽培(FP)、超高产栽培(SP)和高产高效栽培(HH),于2013—2014年在湖北枝江单季稻区用中熟油菜品种华双5号,武穴双季稻区用早熟品种华早291选择不同肥力田块(高肥力、低肥力)进行试验,测定3种栽培模式下油菜生物量和生育期间的光能资源利用率、产量、田间倒伏等指标。结果表明,与FP相比,在高、低肥力下,SH和HH均提高了各时期的光能截获率和光能利用效率,HH模式薹肥施用比例高,在后期光能截获率下降速率最低,仍保持较高的光合面积,有利于干物质的积累。SH模式和HH模式下,收获指数和产量均显著高于FP模式,且以SH模式最高。株高、根冠比和抗折力均表现为SH> HH> FP;倒伏指数与倒伏角度的变化趋势较为一致,在不同地力条件下均表现为SH > FP > HH。综上,HH模式的籽粒产量虽略低于SH模式,但不显著,而后期倒伏显著降低。与SH模式相比,HH模式通过增加种植密度,减少氮肥投入和施肥次数,起到了“以密抗倒、以密省肥”的效果,机械收获效率显著提高,可实现高产高效栽培。
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