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作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (08): 1245-1253.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01245

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕作模式对土壤生物活性与养分有效性及冬小麦产量的影响

陈金,庞党伟,韩明明,尹燕枰,郑孟静,骆永丽,王振林*,李勇*   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-16 修回日期:2017-04-20 出版日期:2017-08-12 网络出版日期:2017-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 王振林, E-mail: zlwang@sdau.edu.cn; 李勇, E-mail: xmliyong@sdau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271661, 31271667, 30871477), 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150404), 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400), 国家公益性科研行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203100, 201203029), 山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J14LF12), 山东省泰山产业领军人才项目和山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题项目资助。

Effects of Tillage Patterns on Soil Biological Activity, Availability of Soil Nutrients and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

CHEN Jin,PANG Dang-Wei,HAN Ming-Ming,YIN Yan-Ping,ZHENG Meng-Jing,LUO Yong-Li,WANG Zhen-Lin*,LI Yong*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
  • Received:2016-10-16 Revised:2017-04-20 Published:2017-08-12 Published online:2017-05-08
  • Contact: Wang zhenlin, E-mail: zlwang@sdau.edu.cn; Li yong, E-mail: xmliyong@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271661, 31271667, 30871477), the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404), the National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFD0300400), the National Research and Development Program (2016YFD0300400), China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203100, 201203029), the Science and Technology Program for Universities in Shandong Province (J14LF12), the Shandong Mount Tai Program for Industrial Leading Talents, and the Shandong Innovation Project for Applied Technologies in Agriculture.

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摘要：

为探讨长期玉米秸秆还田下不同耕作模式对土壤生化性状及冬小麦产量的影响, 从2011年10月至2016年6月连续5个冬小麦生长季进行田间定位试验。设4个耕作处理, 分别是连续旋耕秸秆不还田(RT)、连续旋耕秸秆还田(RS)、连续深耕秸秆还田(DS)及前2年旋耕秸秆还田第3年深耕秸秆还田(TS)。与RT相比, 连续5年秸秆还田显著提高0~10、10~20和20~30 cm土层土壤有机碳、无机氮、速效磷、速效钾含量; 土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶和蔗糖酶活性及土壤微生物多样性分别提高23.1%~59.3%、13.2%~40.7%、14.1%~28.8%、10.9%~19.5%和31.9%~42.5%。秸秆还田使各土层变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门及放线菌门的相对丰度显著提高, 而酸杆菌门相对丰度则显著降低。与DS及TS相比, RS显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤养分状况及生物活性, 10~30 cm土层则显著降低。连续旋耕至第3年, 无论秸秆还田与否, 小麦均表现减产; DS与TS处理则表现持续增产, 平均年增产3.2%和3.9%。本研究表明在黄淮海东部地区, 秸秆还田条件下, 2年旋耕后接1年深耕的耕作模式有助于改善耕层土壤质量和提高冬小麦生产力。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 耕作模式, 土壤养分, 土壤微生物, 酶活性, 产量

Abstract:

To determine the effects of different tillage practices on soil biochemical properties and grain yield of winter wheat under continuous maize straw return, we conducted a five-year field experiment from October 2011 to June 2016. Four treatments were compared, which were continuously rotary tillage with total maize straw removed (RT), continuously rotary tillage with maize straw return (RS), continuously deep-plowing tillage with maize straw return (DS), and two-year rotary tillage followed by one-year deep-plowing tillage with maize straw return (TS). Compared with RT, treatments with straw return significantly improved the soil fertility in the 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths, increasing contents of soil organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. In addition, the activities of urease, protease, nitratase, and invertase, as well as soil microbial diversity in the 0–30 cm depth increased by 23.1%–59.3%, 13.2%–40.7%, 14.1%–28.8%, 10.9%–19.5%, and 31.9%–42.5%, respectively. Straw return resulted in significant increases in relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Actinobacteria and significant decrease in that of Acidobacteria. In the three treatments with straw return, vertical distribution of soil fertility was affected by tillage practice. For example, the soil fertility and bioactivity in the 0–10 cm depth were significantly higher in RS than in DS and TS, whereas those in the 10–30 cm depth were significantly lower in RS than in DS and TS. Consecutively rotary tillage for three years resulted in yield decrease of wheat, whether straw returned to the field or not. In contrast, DS and TS with deep-plowing practice showed continuous yield increase during the five years with the average annual increase of 3.2% and 3.9%, respectively. The present study indicates that under straw return condition, two-year rotary tillage followed by one-year deep-plowing tillage is a promising pattern in the eastern part of Huang–Huai–Hai Plain to improve soil quality and wheat productivity.

Key words: Straw return, Tillage pattern, Soil nutrient, Soil microbial, Enzyme activities, Grain yield

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