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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 1221-1228.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01221

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

低氮诱导小麦灌浆期旗叶衰老与膜脂的关系

李倩1,2(),齐凌云3,4,殷俐娜1,2,3,4,*(),王仕稳1,2,3,4,邓西平1,2,4   

  1. 1 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京100049
    2 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 / 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    3 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
    4 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-09 接受日期:2018-04-11 出版日期:2018-08-10 网络出版日期:2018-05-14
  • 通讯作者: 殷俐娜
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31200206);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01);陕西省科技新星项目(2016KJXX-66);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2015389)

Relationship between Lipid and Flag Leaf Senescence Induced by Low Nitrogen Stress during Grain Filling of Wheat

Qian LI1,2(),Ling-Yun QI3,4,Li-Na YIN1,2,3,4,*(),Shi-Wen WANG1,2,3,4,Xi-Ping DENG1,2,4   

  1. 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau / Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    3 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    4 College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
  • Received:2017-11-09 Accepted:2018-04-11 Published:2018-08-10 Published online:2018-05-14
  • Contact: Li-Na YIN
  • Supported by:
    This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31200206);the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2015BAD22B01);the Program for Scientific and Technological Star of Shaanxi Province(2016KJXX-66);the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2015389)

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摘要：

小麦产量主要来自于小麦灌浆期旗叶的光合产物, 低氮造成的灌浆期旗叶早衰对小麦产量影响极大。本试验以小麦品种“长旱58”为试验材料, 在大田环境下设置低氮(120 kg hm -2)和正常氮(180 kg hm -2)处理, 研究低氮诱导的小麦旗叶衰老与膜脂的关系。结果表明, 开花14 d后, 低氮处理小麦旗叶的光合速率、叶绿素含量、旗叶总氮含量均显著降低; 旗叶中膜脂各组分含量均显著下降, DGDG/MGDG的比值升高; 以C18:3、C18:2为代表的不饱和脂肪酸含量显著下降, 以C16:0为代表的饱和脂肪酸含量显著增加, 不饱和双键指数显著降低; 此外类囊体蛋白质堆积密度也显著降低。综合分析认为低氮处理导致小麦灌浆期旗叶早衰, 早衰过程伴随着膜脂降解和组分改变, 降低了膜的流动性和通透性, 导致叶绿素降解, 使光合功能受损。同时, 植物通过调整DGDG/MGDG比例来响应低氮胁迫, 利用DGDG的双层特性来部分弥补其它双层膜脂的降解对膜功能造成的损伤。

关键词: 小麦, 旗叶, 低氮, 膜脂, 衰老

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) deficiency induces flag leaf senescence at the grain-filling stage of wheat resulting in yield decrease. In this study, we carried out a field experiment to investigate the relationship between N-deficiency-induced flag leaf senescence and lipid change using wheat variety ‘Changhan 58’. Under the low-N (120 kg ha -1) condition, the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, total N content, and contents of all lipid components of flag leaf at 14 days after flowering were significantly lower than those under normal-N (180 kg ha -1) condition, while the DGDG/MGDG ratio in low-N treatment increased. The content of unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:3 and C18:2 decreased significantly, whereas the contents of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0, increased significantly, leading to the reduction of index of unsaturated double bounds. In addition, thylakoid protein packing density also decreased under N-deficiency condition. These results indicate that N-deficiency-induced leaf senescence is characterized with lipid degradation and components changes, which result in negative effects on reductions of membrane permeability, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. Simultaneously, the DGDG/MGDG ratio of plants is adjusted in response to N deficiency to alleviate damages of membrane function caused bby lipid degradation.

Key words: wheat, flag leaf, nitrogen deficiency, membrane lipids, senescence

图1

低氮胁迫对小麦叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量的影响 柱图显示平均值±标准误(n = 3), 其上不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图2

低氮胁迫对小麦叶片总氮含量和总氮/叶绿素的影响 柱图显示平均值±标准误(n = 3), 其上不同字母表示两处理差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图3

低氮胁迫对小麦叶片膜脂含量(A)和DGDG/MGDG (B)的影响 MGDG: 单半乳糖甘油二酯; DGDG: 双半乳糖甘油二酯; PL: 磷脂。柱图显示平均值±标准误(n = 3), 其上不同字母表示NN和LN两处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图4

低氮胁迫对小麦叶片中膜脂主要脂肪酸组分的影响 A: 单半乳糖甘油二酯的脂肪酸组分; B: 双半乳糖甘油二酯的脂肪酸组分; C: 磷脂的脂肪酸组分; D: 总膜脂的脂肪酸组分。柱图显示平均值±标准误(n = 3), 其上不同字母表示不同脂肪酸组分间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图5

低氮胁迫对小麦叶片中膜脂双键指数的影响 DBI: 双键指数; MGDG: 单半乳糖甘油二酯; DGDG: 双半乳糖甘油二酯; PL: 磷脂。柱图显示平均值±标准误(n = 3), 其上不同字母表示NN和LN两处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图6

低氮胁迫对小麦叶片中膜脂与叶绿素含量比值的影响 MGDG: 单半乳糖甘油二酯; DGDG: 双半乳糖甘油二酯; PL: 磷脂。柱图显示平均值±标准误(n = 3), 其上不同字母表示NN和LN两处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

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