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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1548-1559.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01548

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同类型籼粳杂交稻产量和品质性状差异及其与灌浆结实期气候因素间的相关性

徐栋1,朱盈1,周磊1,韩超1,郑雷鸣1,张洪程1,魏海燕1,*(),王珏2,廖桉桦3,蔡仕博3   

  1. 1 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
    2 宁波市海曙区洞桥镇政府, 浙江宁波315000
    3 宁波市鄞州区气象局, 浙江宁波 315100
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-20 接受日期:2018-07-20 出版日期:2018-10-10 网络出版日期:2018-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 魏海燕
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301205);国家自然科学基金项目(23701350);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016344);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX[15]1002);扬州大学拔尖人才计划和江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2017]294)

Differences in Yield and Grain Quality among Various Types of Indica/japonica Hybrid Rice and Correlation between Quality and Climatic Factors during Grain Filling Period

Dong XU1,Ying ZHU1,Lei ZHOU1,Chao HAN1,Lei-Ming ZHENG1,Hong-Cheng ZHANG1,Hai-Yan WEI1,*(),Yu WANG2,An-Ye LIAO3,Shi-Bo CAI3   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2 Dongqiao Town Hall, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315157, Zhejiang, China
    3 Meteorology Bureau of Yinzhou, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2017-12-20 Accepted:2018-07-20 Published:2018-10-10 Published online:2018-07-30
  • Contact: Hai-Yan WEI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Grants from the National Key Research Program(2016YFD0300503);This study was supported by the Grants from the National Key Research Program(2017YFD0301205);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(23701350);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27);the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016344);the Major Independent Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province(CX[15]1002);Engineering Fund of Jiangsu Province(SXGC[2017]294)

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摘要：

为找出不同类型籼粳杂交稻在品质表现上存在差距的原因, 以18个早熟晚粳籼粳杂交稻品种(品系)为材料, 从中筛选出产量与蒸煮食味品质具有代表性的3种类型(A类高产优质型, B类高产不优质型, C类低产不优质型)。2年中A类和B类的平均产量分别较C类高22.66%和22.26%, 其高产的原因主要是具有较高的单位面积穗数和每穗粒数。A类的糙米率和整精米率分别比B和C类高1.9%~2.5%和13.9%~22.7%。与A类相比, B类和C类的垩白率和垩白度分别高43.3%~47.5%和64.5%~71.4%。B和 C类的平均直链淀粉含量较A类分别高31.7%、33.0%。A类平均胶稠度较B和C类分别高4.0%、4.5%, A类品种的峰值粘黏度和崩解值最高, 消减值最低, 蛋白质含量3种类型无显著性差异。相关性分析表明, 灌浆结实期温度与加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质呈负相关。籼粳杂交稻优质的获得, 除品种遗传因素外, 可通过合理的播期或栽培管理调节, 使水稻灌浆结实期处于相对较低的温度下则有利于其稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质的同步提高或改良。

关键词: 籼粳杂交稻, 产量, 品质差异

Abstract:

Abstract: In order to find out the reasons for quality performance difference in different indica/japonica hybrid rice varieties, a field experiment was conducted with 18 early maturing late indica/japonica hybrid rice varieties (lines), among them three representative types of indica/japonica hybrid rice (including Type A: good quality with high yield; Type B: bad quality with high yield; Type C: bad quality and low yield) were screened according to them yield, cooking and eating quality. The variation in the yield and quality of different types of indica/japonica hybrid rice was studied. The average yields of A and B were 22.66% and 22.26% higher than there of C respectively, due to more panicles per unit area and large number of spikelets per panicle of A and B. The rates of brown rice and head milled rice of A were 1.9% to 2.5% and 13.9% to 22.7% higher than those of B and C respectively. Compared with A, the average chalky rate and chalkiness of B and C were 43.3% to 47.5% and 64.5% to 71.4% higher. The average amylose contents were 31.7% and 33% higher in B and C than in A, and the average gel consistency was 4.0% and 4.5% longer in A than in B and C respectively. Type A had the highest peak viscosity, breakdown, and the lowest setback. There was no significant differences in protein content among three types of indica/japonica hybrid rice. The temperature during the grain filling period was negatively correlated with the processing quality, appearance quality, the cooking and eating quality of indica/japonica hybrid rice. Therefore, in addition to genetic factors, through reasonable sowing date or cultivation management regulation, we can get relatively low temperature at grain filling stage of rice, which is conducive to the synchronous improvement in appearance quality and cooking and eating quality.

Key words: indica/japonica hybrid rice, yield, difference of quality

表1

不同类型籼粳杂交稻产量与品质的差异"

指标
Index		 变幅大小
Variable amplitude		 均值
Mean		 标准差
Standard deviation		 变异系数
CV (%)
单位面积穗数 No. of panicles 170.25-227.93 (×104 hm-2) 187.67 (×104 hm-2) 16.03(×104 hm-2) 8.54
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle 238.58-330.31 277.25 39.07 14.09
结实率 Seed-setting rate 80.38%-86.97% 83.76% 2.38% 2.84
千粒重 1000-grain weight 20.61-25.65 g 22.54 g 1.60 g 7.10
产量 Yield 8.74-11.06 t hm-2 10.11 t hm-2 1.78 t hm-2 17.61
糙米率 BR 81.87%-85.76% 83.76% 1.10% 1.31
整精米率 HMR 53.12%-68.36% 58.74% 4.49% 7.65
长宽比 L/W 2.68-3.25 2.89 0.099% 3.43
垩白率 CR 15.79%-24.69% 21.04% 2.74% 13.02
垩白度 CD 1.97%-3.67% 2.83% 0.23% 7.95
直链淀粉含量 AC 13.52%-20.18% 17.95% 2.22% 12.37
蛋白质含量 PC 8.45%-9.48% 8.96% 0.31% 3.46
胶稠度 GC 67.34-71.32 mm 68.65 mm 1.26 mm 1.84
食味值 Comprehensive 34-71 53.95 18.03 33.42

表2

不同类型籼粳杂交稻品种主要生育期及灌浆结实期的温光差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 拔节期
Jointing
(month/day)		 抽穗期
Heading
(month/day)		 成熟期
Maturity
(month/day)		 日平均温度
Mean daily
temperature (°C)		 积温
Accumulated
temperature (°C)		 降雨量
Rainfall
(mm)		 日照时数
Sunshine
hours (h)
A 甬优1540 7/22 8/28 10/25 23.58 787.64 597.1 151.5
Yongyou 1540
甬优1526 7/22 8/29 10/26 23.57 787.06 597.1 144.6
Yongyou 1526
B 甬优7850 7/20 8/23 10/21 24.66 864.94 566.6 183.6
Yongyou 7850
甬优4543 7/21 8/24 10/21 24.65 849.70 566.6 176.4
Yongyou 4543
C 甬优5356 7/20 8/22 10/20 24.66 864.94 566.6 191.6
Yongyou 5356
甬优7826 7/20 8/24 10/21 24.65 849.70 566.6 176.4
Yongyou 7826

表3

不同类型籼粳杂交稻品种产量以及构成因素的差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 单位面积穗数
No. of panicles
(×104 hm-2 )		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
2015
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 202.15 318.91 84.12 21.69 10.62
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 204.80 321.54 81.91 21.12 10.79
平均值Mean 203.48 Aa 320.23 Aa 83.02 Aa 21.41 Aa 10.71 Aa
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 203.26 320.65 83.96 21.24 10.73
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 201.12 316.89 82.87 20.91 10.67
平均值Mean 202.19 Aa 318.77 Aa 83.42 Aa 21.08 Aa 10.70 Aa
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 186.39 251.36 86.37 21.58 8.73
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 185.51 249.80 84.89 22.98 8.74
平均值Mean 185.95 Bb 250.58 Bb 85.63 Aa 22.28 Aa 8.74 Bb
2016
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 203.50 318.59 81.55 21.55 10.57
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 204.62 327.06 85.08 20.68 10.98
平均值Mean 204.06 Aa 322.83 Aa 83.32 Aa 21.12 Aa 10.78 Aa
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 202.90 315.00 83.75 21.70 10.54
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 204.40 317.75 82.66 20.95 10.89
平均值Mean 203.65 Aa 316.36 Aa 83.21 Aa 21.33 Aa 10.72 Aa
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 183.20 249.11 86.03 22.73 8.72
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 188.30 259.40 85.86 21.20 8.87
平均值Mean 185.75 Bb 254.25 Bb 85.95 Aa 21.97 Aa 8.78 Bb

表4

不同类型籼粳杂交稻蒸煮食味值的差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 食味值
Comprehensive		 外观
Appearance		 硬度
Hardness		 黏度
Viscosity		 平衡度
Balance degree
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 68.00 6.50 6.50 6.90 6.70
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 71.00 6.80 6.70 7.30 6.80
平均值Mean 69.5 Aa 6.7 Aa 6.6 Ab 7.1 Aa 6.8 Aa
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 51.00 3.90 8.50 3.90 3.80
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 50.00 3.80 8.10 3.80 3.60
平均值Mean 50.5 Bb 3.9 Bb 8.3 Aa 3.9 Bb 3.7 Bb
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 54.00 4.40 7.60 4.70 4.40
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 55.00 4.20 7.50 4.30 4.20
平均值Mean 54.5 Bb 4.3 Bb 7.6 Aa 4.5 Bb 4.3 Bb

表5

不同类型籼粳杂交稻加工品质和外观品质的差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)		 整精米率
Head milled rice rate (%)		 长宽比
L/W (mm)		 垩白率
CR (%)		 垩白度
CD (%)
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 84.09 66.89 2.89 16.53 2.09
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 84.44 68.36 2.88 15.79 1.97
平均值Mean 84.27 Aa 67.72 Aa 2.87 Ab 16.16 Bb 2.03 Bb
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 82.64 58.77 2.92 23.96 3.57
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 82.81 60.11 2.91 22.35 3.10
平均值Mean 82.72 ABb 59.44 ABb 2.92 Aa 23.16 Aa 3.34 Aa
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 81.87 53.12 2.92 24.68 3.67
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 82.56 57.23 2.92 22.98 3.30
平均值Mean 82.21 Bb 55.18 Bb 2.92 Aa 23.83 Aa 3.48 Aa

表6

不同类型籼粳杂交稻蒸煮食味与营养品质的差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 胶稠度
GC (mm)		 直链淀粉含量
AC (%)		 蛋白质含量
PC (%)
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 71.32 15.10 8.57
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 70.96 15.02 8.45
平均值Mean 71.04 Aa 15.06 Bb 8.51 Aa
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 68.76 19.89 9.00
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 67.81 19.76 9.07
平均值Mean 68.29 Ab 19.83 Aa 9.04 Aa
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 67.86 20.18 8.83
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 68.05 19.87 8.52
平均值Mean 67.96 Ab 20.03 Aa 8.68 Aa

表7

不同类型籼粳杂交稻RVA谱特征值的差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 峰值黏度
Peak viscosity		 热浆黏度
Trough viscosity		 崩解值
Breakdown		 最终黏度
Final viscosity		 消减值
Setback
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 2621 1396 1225 2362 -259
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 2516 1273 1242 2252 -264
平均值Mean 2568.5 Aa 1334.5 Aa 1233.5 Aa 2307 Aa -261.5 Ab
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 2253 1232 1021 2020 -233
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 2275 1202 1073 2035 -240
平均值Mean 2264 Ab 1217 Aab 1047 Bb 2027.5Aab -236.5 Aa
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 1998 1012 986 1768 -230
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 2075 1022 1053 1845 -230
平均值Mean 2036.5 Ab 1017 Ab 1019.5 Bb 1806.5 Ab -230 Aa

表8

不同类型籼粳杂交稻热力学特性的差异"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 起始温度
To (°C)		 峰值温度
Tp (°C)		 终止温度
Tc (°C)		 胶凝热焓值
ΔHgel (J g-1)		 回生热焓值
ΔHret (J g-1)		 回生值
%R
A 甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 59.2 62.9 75.6 9.44 1.69 17.9
甬优1526 Yongyou 1526 59.1 63.1 75.5 10.72 1.79 16.7
平均值Mean 59.15 Bc 63.00 Ab 75.55 Bc 10.08 Aa 1.74 Ab 17.30 Bc
B 甬优7850 Yongyou 7850 59.9 63.5 77.4 6.81 2.77 40.68
甬优4543 Yongyou 4543 59.8 63.5 77.3 6.86 2.84 41.40
平均值Mean 59.85 Aa 63.50 Aa 77.35 Aa 6.83 Ab 2.80 Aa 41.04 Aa
C 甬优5356 Yongyou 5356 59.5 63.9 76.2 7.54 2.78 36.87
甬优7826 Yongyou 7826 59.5 63.8 76.5 7.40 2.53 34.19
平均值Mean 59.50 ABb 63.85 Aa 76.35 ABb 7.47 Ab 2.66 Aa 35.53 Ab

表9

不同类型籼粳杂交稻温光粒形与加工品质和外观品质的相关系数"

指标
Index		 降雨量
Rainfall		 日照时数
SH		 日均温度
MDT		 积温
AT		 生育期
GP		 糙米率
BR		 整精米率
HMR		 长宽比
L/W		 垩白率
CR
糙米率BR 0.939** -0.988** -0.950** -0.960** 0.983**
整精米率HMR 0.912* -0.970** -0.924** -0.936** 0.961** 0.994**
长宽比L/W -0.934** 0.948** 0.944** 0.939** -0.963** -0.945** -0.922**
垩白率CR -0.977** 0.990** 0.984** 0.995** -0.989** -0.980** -0.962** 0.959**
垩白度CD -0.961** 0.989** 0.970** 0.992** -0.976** -0.975** -0.960** 0.954** 0.997**

表1

0 不同类型籼粳杂交稻食味值与温光之间的相关系数"

指标
Index		 降雨量
Rainfall		 日照时数
SH		 日均温度
MDT		 积温
AT		 生育期
GP
胶稠度 GC 0.975** -0.909* -0.971** -0.938** 0.959**
直链淀粉含量 AC -0.998** 0.961** 0.999** 0.988** -0.988**
蛋白质含量 PC -0.882* 0.761 0.875* 0.848* -0.815*
起始温度 To -0.857* 0.787 0.858* 0.856* -0.808
峰值温度 Tp -0.897* 0.889* 0.898* 0.891* -0.905*
终止温度 Tc -0.825* 0.707 0.818* 0.801 -0.750
胶凝热焓值 ΔHgel 0.950** -0.905* -0.954** -0.932** 0.944**
回生热焓值 ΔHret -0.977** 0.939** 0.977** 0.974** -0.958**
峰值黏度 PV 0.891* -0.896* -0.894* -0.892* 0.906*
热浆黏度 TV 0.754 -0.738 -0.752 -0.734 0.762
崩解值 BD 0.961** -0.995** -0.970** -0.990** 0.983**
最终黏度 FV 0.882* -0.888* -0.884* -0.883* 0.897*
消减值 SB -0.968** 0.931** 0.970** 0.957** -0.960**
食味值 Comprehensive 0.973** -0.918** -0.974** -0.957** 0.954**
外观 Appearance 0.985** -0.910* -0.983** -0.959** 0.955**
硬度 Hardness -0.882* 0.814* 0.878* 0.893* -0.821*
黏度 Viscosity 0.975** -0.890* -0.972** -0.945** 0.939**
平衡度 Balance degree 0.981** -0.895* -0.977** -0.952** 0.941**
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