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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 1880-1890.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94042

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

糜子绿豆带状种植下糜子的氮素积累、代谢及产量变化

党科,宫香伟,陈光华,赵冠,刘龙,王洪露,杨璞,冯佰利()   

  1. 西北农林科技大学农学院 / 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室 / 农业部作物基因资源与种质创制陕西科学观测试验站, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-18 接受日期:2019-08-09 出版日期:2019-09-03 网络出版日期:2019-09-03
  • 通讯作者: 冯佰利
  • 作者简介:党科, E-mail: dangke4718@163.com;|宫香伟, E-mail: gxw199308@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业(谷子高粱)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13.5-06-A26);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B03);国家自然科学基金项目(31371529);陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系项目(NYKJ-2018-YL19)

Nitrogen accumulation, metabolism, and yield of proso millet in proso millet- mung bean intercropping systems

Ke DANG,Xiang-Wei GONG,Guang-Hua CHEN,Guan ZHAO,Long LIU,Hong-Lu WANG,Pu YANG,Bai-Li FENG()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas / Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2019-03-18 Accepted:2019-08-09 Published:2019-09-03 Published online:2019-09-03
  • Contact: Bai-Li FENG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (Millet and Sorghum)(CARS-13.5-06-A26);the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2014BAD07B03);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371529);the Minor Coarse Cereals Technique System of Shaanxi Province(NYKJ-2018-YL19)

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摘要：

禾豆间作是一种高效的生态种植模式, 为明确糜子-绿豆合理间套作种植模式下糜子对养分高效利用的机制, 于2017—2018年在榆林小杂粮综合试验示范站, 以单作糜子(SP)为对照, 设糜子(P)-绿豆(M) 4种间作模式[2∶2 (2P2M)、4∶2 (4P2M)、4∶4 (4P4M)、2∶4 (2P4M)], 分析糜子开花期和成熟期不同器官干物质积累、氮素含量及植株氮积累量, 以期探讨叶片和根系氮素代谢的变化规律, 进一步挖掘不同间作模式对糜子产量及其构成因素的调控效应。结果表明, 糜子-绿豆间作可显著增加糜子开花期根系、茎秆、叶片和鞘的氮素含量, 使成熟期穗的氮含量比单作增加10.9%~15.9%; 间作有利于促进糜子器官的生长发育, 与单作相比, 间作模式下糜子成熟期干物质积累量两年试验平均提高11.6%~32.1%, 植株氮素积累量增加12.8%~36.9%, 其中糜子叶片和茎秆的氮素转运量分别比单作增加51.7%~78.9%和24.1%~55.6%, 叶片对于穗的氮素贡献率增加40.6%~66.9%。糜子-绿豆间作模式可显著调节糜子旗叶和根系的氮素代谢, 硝酸还原酶活性、谷氨酰胺合酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量及游离氨基酸含量均有不同程度的增加, 2P4M处理下达到最大值。植株生理代谢、氮素营养的合理调控显著改善了糜子产量及其构成因素, 产量表现为2P4M>4P4M>2P2M>4P2M>SP。综上所述, 糜子-绿豆间作模式可促进糜子生育后期的氮素积累、转运及氮素代谢, 延缓了植株的衰老, 提高糜子产量, 表现出明显的间作优势。本试验条件下, 2P4M是陕北地区糜子-绿豆最佳的间作配比。

关键词: 糜子, 间作, 氮素积累, 氮代谢, 产量

Abstract:

Cereal-legume intercropping is a ecological and efficient planting pattern. To investigate the effects of proso millet- mung bean intercropping on nitrogen accumulation, metabolism and yield of proso millet from the flowering to maturity stage, we designed four patterns of proso millet (P) to mung bean (M) including 2:2, 4:2, 4:4, and 2:4 in 2017 and 2018 in Yulin, Shaanxi province. The intercropping significantly improved the nitrogen contents in root, stem, leaf and sheath of proso millet at the flowering stage. The nitrogen content in panicle at the maturity stage increased by 10.9%-15.9% compared with the sole cropping of proso millet. Intercropping increased the dry matter accumulation by 11.6%-32.1% and the nitrogen accumulation of proso millet by 12.8%-36.9%. The nitrogen transportation from leaves and stems to panicles increased by 51.7%-78.9% and 24.1%-55.6%, respectively. The proso millet-mung bean intercropping significantly promoted the nitrogen metabolism of proso millet flag leaves and roots. The nitrate reductase activity, glutamine synthase activity, soluble protein content and free amino acid content increased to a different degree, with the maximum in 2P4M treatment. The productivity and yield were enhanced in intercropping by boosting physiological metabolism and nitrogen assimilation. Overall, these results suggest that proso millet-mung bean intercropping pattern enhances the nitrogen accumulation, metabolism, and yield of proso millet, and 2P4M treatment is optimal to improve nitrogen uptake and yield under proso millet/mung bean intercropping systems in Yulin, Shaanxi.

Key words: proso millet, intercropping, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen metabolism, yield

图1

田间种植模式图 SP: 单作糜子; SM: 单作绿豆; 2P2M: 2行糜子间作2行绿豆; 4P2M: 4行糜子间作2行绿豆; 4P4M: 4行糜子间作4行绿豆; 2P4M: 2行糜子间作4行绿豆。"

表1

不同间作模式对糜子不同器官氮含量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花期 Flowering 成熟期 Maturity
根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 鞘
Sheath		 穗
Panicle		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 鞘
Sheath		 穗
Panicle
2017 SP 0.43 e 0.73 e 2.24 e 1.32 c 2.40 a 0.52 e 0.67 b 2.24 a 1.61 a 2.15 d
2P2M 0.74 b 0.84 c 2.67 c 1.49 a 2.39 a 0.91 a 0.58 c 2.04 b 1.49 c 2.42 c
4P2M 0.64 d 0.87 b 2.41 d 1.38 b 2.23 c 0.64 d 0.78 a 1.88 c 1.38 d 2.53 b
4P4M 0.67 c 0.77 d 2.90 b 1.38 b 2.24 b 0.71 c 0.39 e 2.07 b 1.61 a 2.51 b
2P4M 1.00 a 0.99 a 3.07 a 1.52 a 2.17 d 0.84 b 0.45 d 1.61 d 1.55 b 2.59 a
2018 SP 0.42 d 0.92 d 2.87 c 1.36 c 2.56 a 0.53 e 0.93 a 2.84 a 1.61 a 2.20 c
2P2M 0.62 b 1.36 b 3.12 b 1.43 b 2.46 b 0.69 b 0.66 b 2.79 b 1.23 b 2.56 a
4P2M 0.63 b 1.15 c 3.13 b 1.43 b 2.20 c 0.56 d 0.52 c 2.48 d 1.23 b 2.46 b
4P4M 0.50 c 0.94 d 2.87 c 1.86 a 2.56 a 0.62 c 0.52 c 2.61 c 1.20 c 2.49 b
2P4M 0.72 a 1.65 a 3.34 a 1.91 a 2.49 b 0.93 a 0.45 d 2.59 c 1.08 d 2.62 a

图2

不同间作模式对糜子不同器官氮积累量的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同表1。"

表2

不同间作模式对糜子不同器官氮素转运量和对穗的贡献率的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮素转移量A mount of N transferred (kg hm-2) 对穗的贡献率 Contribution to panicle (%)
叶片Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath 叶片Leaf 茎Stem 鞘Sheath
2017 SP 26.0±3.5 d 11.6±0.5 c 1.6±0.8 d 11.7±2.7 d 5.2±0.5 c 0.7±0.4 b
2P2M 46.0±5.6 c 19.5±3.5 b 8.4±1.3 b 15.3±1.3 c 6.6±1.2 bc 2.8±0.5 a
4P2M 41.3±5.5 c 18.9±0.3 b 5.8±0.5 c 16.2±2.7 c 7.4±0.4 b 2.3±0.3 a
4P4M 63.1±1.1 b 22.5±3.3 b 6.8±1.5 bc 21.4±1.5 b 7.6±1.1 b 2.3±0.5 a
2P4M 89.3±0.7 a 32.3±2.4 a 10.8±1.8 a 25.8±0.3 a 9.3±0.8 a 3.1±0.5 a
2018 SP 11.7±2.2 d 38.3±2.5 e 4.9±0.1 b 4.2±0.8 d 14.1±1.0 b 1.8±0.0 c
2P2M 45.3±3.7 b 47.5±0.6 c 9.3±0.2 a 12.3±1.1 b 12.9±0.2 c 2.5±0.1 a
4P2M 40.6±3.4 b 42.3±2.0 d 1.7±0.1 d 12.9±1.0 b 13.5±0.6 bc 0.5±0.0 d
4P4M 34.7±0.9 c 72.2±2.5 a 2.5±0.8 c 9.9±0.3 c 20.5±0.8 a 0.7±0.2 d
2P4M 88.6±4.1 a 56.7±1.2 b 9.5±0.2 a 20.0±1.0 a 12.8±0.3 c 2.1±0.1 b

图3

不同间作模式对糜子旗叶和根氮代谢的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同表1。"

图4

不同间作模式对糜子干物质积累量的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同表1。"

表3

不同间作模式对糜子产量及产量构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株穗数
Panicles per plant		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 单株粒重
Grain weight per plant (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2017 SP 4.0±0.7 d 39.2±1.3 cd 24.0±1.9 e 8.61±0.0 d 4448.6±135.5 d
2P2M 4.8±0.8 bc 41.2±2.1 c 35.3±1.1 c 8.89±0.1 bc 4968.9±87.2 bc
4P2M 4.3±0.4 c 40.1±1.0 c 32.5±1.6 d 8.81±0.0 c 4696.2±76.8 c
4P4M 4.9±0.2 b 42.2±0.8 b 40.9±0.4 b 8.92±0.1 b 5131.6±73.5 b
2P4M 5.8±0.4 a 44.0±1.8 a 46.6±2.5 a 9.02±0.0 a 5367.8±56.8 a
2018 SP 3.4±0.9 b 46.4±2.2 a 29.0±1.3 d 8.66±0.1 c 4205.7±257.7 d
2P2M 4.6±2.0 ab 47.0±2.5 a 41.8±0.8 b 9.00±0.0 b 5153.8±150.7 b
4P2M 4.4±1.1 ab 46.6±2.6 a 36.7±0.7 c 9.03±0.1 ab 4539.8±144.6 c
4P4M 5.2±1.5 ab 47.2±1.9 a 43.2±0.7 b 9.10±0.1 ab 5249.6±147.3 b
2P4M 6.2±1.1 a 47.2±1.6 a 50.4±1.2 a 9.18±0.0 a 6471.2±236.6 a
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