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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 84-92.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.92016

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻产量和氮素吸收的互作效应

廖萍1,刘磊1,何宇轩1,唐刚1,张俊2,曾勇军1,吴自明1,黄山1,*()   

  1. 1 教育部和江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/江西农业大学, 江西南昌 330045
    2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-01 接受日期:2019-08-09 出版日期:2020-01-12 网络出版日期:2019-09-03
  • 通讯作者: 黄山
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 763979314@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31701383);国家重点研发计划项目资助(2018YFD0301102)

Interactive effects of liming and straw incorporation on yield and nitrogen uptake in a double rice cropping system

LIAO Ping1,LIU Lei1,HE Yu-Xuan1,TANG Gang1,ZHANG Jun2,ZENG Yong-Jun1,WU Zi-Ming1,HUANG Shan1,*()   

  1. 1 Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2019-04-01 Accepted:2019-08-09 Published:2020-01-12 Published online:2019-09-03
  • Contact: Shan HUANG
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701383);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301102)

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摘要：

红壤稻田面临土壤酸化和肥力偏低的双重挑战。施石灰和秸秆还田分别是稻田土壤酸化改良和培肥的有效措施, 但二者的互作效应尚不清楚。本研究连续4年(2015—2018年)在江西省开展施石灰和秸秆还田双因素田间定位试验, 旨在探明施石灰和秸秆还田对红壤双季稻田水稻产量和氮素吸收的互作效应。结果表明, 施石灰和秸秆还田均显著提高了早、晚稻的产量和氮素吸收, 且二者具显著的协同促进效应。秸秆还田下, 施石灰使早稻产量和氮素吸收分别增加10.7%和15.5%; 而在秸秆不还田下, 增幅仅分别为4.4%和9.7%。秸秆还田下, 石灰使晚稻产量和氮素吸收分别提高18.7%和24.6%; 但在秸秆不还田下, 增幅则分别为10.5%和5.7%。施石灰对早、晚稻产量和氮素吸收的促进效应随试验年限的增加而减弱。石灰对土壤pH值的提升效应随试验年限的延长显著降低。试验4年后, 石灰对土壤有机质和全氮含量均无显著影响; 秸秆还田显著提高了土壤有机质含量, 而对全氮含量无显著影响。因此, 秸秆还田配施石灰能够协同实现双季稻增产、土壤酸化改良与培肥。本研究表明在此酸性的红壤双季稻田上每4年左右施用一次石灰为宜。

关键词: 土壤酸化, 秸秆还田, 石灰, 双季稻, 产量, 氮素吸收

Abstract:

Soil acidification and low fertility limit crop productivity in red paddy soils. Liming and straw incorporation are effective practices to alleviate soil acidification and improve soil fertility, respectively, while their interaction is still unclear. A four-year field experiment was conducted in a double rice cropping system with red paddy soil in Jiangxi province to examine the interactive effect of liming and straw incorporation on rice yield and nitrogen (N) uptake from 2015 to 2018. Either liming or straw incorporation increased grain yield and N uptake in both early and late rice seasons. Lime application increased yield and N uptake by 10.7% and 15.5% under straw incorporation, while by 4.4% and 9.7% with straw removal in the early rice season, respectively. In contrast, liming enhanced yield and N uptake by 18.7% and 24.6% in the straw-incorporated treatments in the late rice season, respectively, whereas only by 10.5% and 5.7% in the straw-removed treatments. The effect of liming on enhancing grain yield, N uptake and soil pH for both early and late rice diminished in the present of time. Neither soil organic matter nor total N content was significantly affected by liming after the four-year experiment. Straw incorporation significantly increased soil organic matter, but had no effect on total N. Therefore, limes should be applied along with straw incorporation to simultaneously increase double rice yield, alleviate soil acidification, and improve soil fertility on acidic paddies. Besides, our results suggest that limes should be applied approximately every four years in the double rice cropping system with acidic red soil.

Key words: soil acidification, straw incorporation, liming, double rice, grain yield, nitrogen uptake

表1

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季早稻产量及其构成、氮素吸收的影响(F值)"

变异来源
Source of variations		 有效穗
Effective panicle		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 产量
Grain yield		 氮素吸收
N uptake
石灰 Liming (L) 16.0** 20.1** 0.2 1.3 33.5** 48.0**
秸秆还田 Straw incorporation (RS) 154.2** 15.6** 7.8** 0 111.3** 133.5**
年份 Year (Y) 100.0** 7.9** 87.8** 11.8** 64.1** 111.0**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 3.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 7.2* 4.8*
石灰×年份 L×Y 2.1 3.4* 3.6* 0.3 4.6** 5.4**
秸秆还田×年份 RS×Y 1.4 4.8** 1.6 1.1 4.7** 5.2**
石灰×秸秆还田×年份 L×RS×Y 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.6

图1

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季早稻产量及其构成、氮素吸收的影响(2015-2018) CK、L、RS和L+RS分别表示对照、单施石灰、秸秆还田、秸秆还田配施石灰。误差线表示平均值的标准差(n = 3)。同一年份标的不同小写字母的柱值在不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季晚稻产量及其构成、氮素吸收的影响(F值) "

变异来源
Source of variations		 有效穗
Effective panicle		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 产量
Grain yield		 氮素吸收
N uptake
石灰 Liming (L) 94.3** 45.2** 1.1 9.7** 125.7** 93.1**
秸秆还田 Straw incorporation (RS) 0.9 69.5** 22.2** 0.4 18.4** 65.7**
年份 Year (Y) 67.8** 15.6** 37.7** 11.5** 49.4** 26.1**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 25.9** 0.4 0.6 0.3 10.4** 38.0**
石灰×年份L×Y 10.3** 5.5** 2.2 1.1 20.8** 15.2**
秸秆还田×年份RS×Y 2.3 3.6* 7.5** 1.9 0.7 10.3**
石灰×秸秆还田×年份 L×RS×Y 6.5** 0.1 0.7 0.2 1.2 6.1**

图2

石灰和秸秆还田对双季晚稻产量及其构成、氮素吸收的影响(2015-2018) 缩写同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准差(n = 3)。同一年份标的不同小写字母的柱值在不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图3

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻周年产量(a)、周年氮素吸收(b)、4年总产量(c)和总氮素吸收(d)的影响 缩写同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准差(n = 3)。同一年份标的不同小写字母的柱值在不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图4

施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤pH值的影响(2015-2018) 缩写同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准差(n = 3)。同一年份标的不同小写字母的柱值在不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图5

施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤有机质(a)和全氮(b)含量的影响(2018年) 缩写同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准差(n = 3)。同一年份标的不同小写字母的柱值在不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

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