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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 725-733.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94145

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜感抗品种混播对根肿病防控效果的影响

郭清云1,汪波1,*(),蒯婕1,张椿雨1,李根泽2,康惠仙3,傅廷栋1,周广生1   

  1. 1华中农业大学植物科技学院 / 农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    2云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 云南昆明 650205
    3临沧市临翔区农业技术推广站, 云南临翔 677000
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-28 接受日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 汪波
  • 作者简介:E-mail:1278245883@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000900);湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2017ABA064);中央高校基本科研业务费项目资助(2662017JC005)

Controlling efficiency against clubroot disease of rapeseed by mixed-cropping of susceptible and resistant cultivars

Qing-Yun GUO1,Bo WANG1,*(),Jie KUAI1,Chun-Yu ZHANG1,Gen-Ze LI2,Hui-Xian KANG3,Ting-Dong FU1,Guang-Sheng ZHOU1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River) of Ministry of Agriculture / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Industrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    3Linxiang Agricultural Technique Extension Station, Lincang City, Linxiang 677000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2019-09-28 Accepted:2019-12-26 Published:2020-05-12 Published online:2020-01-13
  • Contact: Bo WANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000900);the Technological Innovation Major Project of the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(2017ABA064);and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.(2662017JC005)

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摘要：

近年来, 油菜根肿病危害在我国呈蔓延趋势, 主要原因是化学防治成本高且效果差。实际生产中, 种植抗性品种是最经济、最有效的措施。不同抗感品种混播, 在保证产量稳定的前提下可减轻对病原菌小种的选择压, 从而稳定病原菌种群结构, 延长抗性品种使用寿命。本试验在安徽绩溪、云南临翔2个油菜根肿病严重发生区域, 选择2组互为近等基因系的感病、抗病的油菜品种, 按不同比例混播(感病、抗病比例分别为10:0、1:9、2:8、3:7和0:10), 在根肿病明显发生后调查发病率等指标。结果表明: 不同比例感病、抗病油菜品种混播均降低了根肿病发病率和病情指数, 并稳定油菜产量和品质; 且油菜发病株率随抗病品种的比例下降而升高, 但均低于理论发病率; 不同抗性组合间混播的相对防效(REM)均低于1, 且随着作物生育期的推迟呈现下降趋势。以上结果表明, 油菜感抗品种混播对根肿病有较好的防控效果。本研究主要在大田条件下明确了2组不同抗感近等基因组合混播对油菜根肿病的防治效果, 可为油菜根肿病防治提供思路和对策。

关键词: 油菜, 根肿病, 近等基因系, 混播

Abstract:

In recent years, rapeseed clubroot disease has spread widely in China, and the cost of the chemical control is high while the efficiency is low. Using resistant varieties is the most economical and efficient way to control this disease. Mixed-cropping different resistant varieties can improve the control efficiency of crop diseases, but the research on it has not been reported. In two naturally-infested locations of clubroot diseases in Jixi of Anhui province and Linxiang of Yunnan province, two pairs of susceptible and resistant cultivars were used (highly resistant variety Huashuang 5R mixed with highly susceptible variety Huashuang 5 and highly resistant variety Huayouza 62R mixed with highly susceptible variety Huayouza 62). Seeds of each pair were mixed at different ratios (10:0, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, and 0:10) and sown in the two locations respectively. The incidence rate was surveyed after occurrence of clubroot disease. The mixed-cropping at different ratios of susceptible and resistant cultivars decreased the incidence and disease index of clubroot disease, and stabilized the yield and quality of rapeseed. The actual incidence rate in the mixed cropping treatment increased with the decrease of resistant cultivar proportion, which was from 5.7% to 17.1% at Jixi and from 4.4% to 32.1% at Linxiang for Huashuang 5R/Huashang 5, while from 5.7% to 18.6% at Jixi and from 2.1% to 12.0% at Linxiang for Huayouza 62R/Huayouza 62 respectively, and significantly lower than the theoretical disease incidence rate. The relative effectiveness of mixture of the two pairs of cultivars were lower than 1, which indicates that the mixed-cropping of susceptible and resistant cultivars has positive effect. This study mainly clarified the control effect of mixed-cropping two different Near-isogenic lines with different resistance levels on clubroot disease, which can provide new ideas and countermeasures for the prevention of clubroot disease.

Key words: rapeseed, clubroot disease, near-isogenic lines, mixed-cropping

表1

不同处理条件下的根肿病发病情况"

地点
Place		 组合
Combination		 比例
Ratio		 发病率A
Incidence rateA (%)		 病情分级A
Disease scaleA		 病情
指数A
Disease indexA		 发病率B
Incidence rateB (%)		 病情分级B
Disease scaleB		 病情
指数B
Disease indexB
理论值Theoretical 实际值Actual 0 1 2 3 理论值Theoretical 实际值
Actual		 0 1 2 3
绩溪
Jixi		 华双5号:华双5 R
Huashuang 5(S): Huashuang 5R(R)		 0:10 0 0 c 30 0 0 0 0 d 0.3 0.3 b 30 0 0 0 0 d
1:9 10.0 5.7 c 28 0 2 0 4.4 c 10.3 0.6 b 28 0 1 1 5.6 b
2:8 20.0 16.1 b 25 1 1 3 13.3 b 20.2 0.8 b 28 1 0 1 4.4 c
3:7 30.0 17.1 b 25 10 3 1 11.1 b 30.2 1.4 b 29 0 0 1 3.3 c
10:0 100.0 100.0 a 0 0 2 28 97.8 a 100.0 100.0 a 0 0 0 30 100.0 a
理论值Theoretical 实际值Actual 0 1 2 3 理论值Theoretical 实际值
Actual		 0 1 2 3
华油杂62号:
华油杂62 R
Huayouza 62(S): Huayouza 62R(R)		 0:10 0 0 e 30 0 0 0 0 e 0 0 d 30 0 0 0 0 d
1:9 10.0 5.7 d 28 1 1 0 3.3 d 10.0 3.6 c 29 0 1 0 2.2 c
2:8 20.0 10.9 c 27 2 1 0 4.4 c 20.0 4.1 c 29 0 1 0 2.2 c
3:7 30.0 18.6 b 25 4 1 1 10.0 b 30.0 12.4 b 27 2 1 0 4.5 d
10:0 100.0 100.0 a 0 0 0 30 100.0 a 100.0 100.0 a 0 0 0 30 100.0 a
临翔
Linxiang		 华双5号:华双5 R Huashuang 5(S): Huashuang 5R(R) 0:10 2.0 2.0 c 29 1 0 0 1.0 c 2.2 2.2 b 29 0 0 1 3.3 d
1:9 5.0 4.4 bc 28 0 1 1 5.6 b 8.1 4.4 b 29 0 0 1 3.3 d
2:8 8.0 7.2 bc 28 0 0 2 6.7 b 14.0 7.8 b 28 0 0 2 6.7 c
3:7 11.0 10.1 b 27 1 1 1 6.7 b 20.0 11.1 b 27 0 1 2 8.9 b
10:0 32.1 32.1 a 20 0 0 10 33.3 a 61.1 61.1 a 12 0 1 17 58.9 a
华油杂62号:
华油杂62 R
Huayouza 62(S): Huayouza 62R(R)		 0:10 0 0 e 30 0 0 0 0 e 8.4 8.4 d 27 1 2 0 5.6 d
1:9 7.7 2.1 d 29 1 0 0 1.1 d 16.5 12.0 c 26 2 1 1 7.8 c
2:8 15.5 8.0 c 28 2 0 0 2.2 c 24.5 13.4 c 26 1 2 1 8.9 b
3:7 23.3 12.0 b 26 3 1 0 5.6 b 32.6 16.0 b 25 3 1 1 8.9 b
10:0 77.5 77.5 a 7 0 1 22 75.6 a 88.9 88.9 a 3 0 27 27 90.0 a

表2

不同混播处理下的相对防效(REM) "

组合
Combination		 比例
Ratio		 绩溪Jixi 临翔 Linxiang
苗期Seedling 蕾薹期Budding 蕾薹期Budding 成熟期Maturation
华双5号:华双5 R Huashuang 5(S): Huashuang 5R(R) 0:10 — — — —
1:9 0.57 0.06 0.88 0.54
2:8 0.81 0.04 0.90 0.56
3:7 0.57 0.05 0.92 0.56
10:0 — — — —
华油杂62号:华油杂62 R
Huayouza 62(S):
Huayouza 62R(R)		 0:10 — — — —
1:9 0.57 0.36 0.27 0.73
2:8 0.56 0.21 0.52 0.55
3:7 0.62 0.41 0.52 0.50
10:0 — — — —

表3

不同混播处理下的油菜产量及产量构成"

组合
Combination		 地点
Place		 比例
Proportion		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 实收密度
Density (×104 plants hm-2)		 单株产量
Yield per plant
(g plant-1)		 单株角果数
Silique no.
per plant		 每角果粒数
Seed no. per silique		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)
华双5号:华双5号R
Huashuang 5(S): Huashuang 5R(R)		 绩溪
Jixi		 0:10 2719.5 a 28.1 a 11.5 b 176.0 b 18.8 b 3.48 d
1:9 2545.5 ab 26.9 a 12.6 ab 181.7 ab 19.9 a 3.53 c
2:8 2506.5 ab 22.7 b 13.5 a 187.3 ab 20.0 a 3.61 a
3:7 2466.0 b 22.1 b 13.7 a 192.7 a 20.1 a 3.58 b
10:0 0 c 0 c 0 c 0 c 0 c 0 e
临翔Linxiang 0:10 3019.5 a 30.1 a 10.8 c 187.0 d 19.6 b 2.95 b
1:9 2981.4 a 29.2 a 11.2 b 194.7 b 20.1 ab 2.87 b
2:8 2938.2 a 26.7 b 14.3 a 190.7 c 20.6 ab 3.63 a
3:7 2846.7 a 26.0 b 14.5 a 202.3 a 21.0 a 3.41 a
10:0 2579.1 b 24.7 c 10.6 c 149.7 e 19.4 b 3.65 a
华油杂62号:华油杂62R
Huayouza 62(S):
Huayouza 62R(R)		 绩溪
Jixi		 0:10 3383.3 a 25.7 a 13.2 b 180.7 b 20.6 c 3.54 b
1:9 3142.2 ab 22.3 b 14.1 a 186.5 a 21.2 b 3.57 b
2:8 2904.4 b 20.8 b 13.9 ab 176.0 c 21.6 b 3.68 a
3:7 3092.2 b 20.7 b 14.9 a 180.0 b 22.7 a 3.66 a
10:0 0 c 0 c 0 c 0 d 0 d 0 c
临翔
Linxiang		 0:10 3413.7 a 31.5 a 10.8 b 180.7 c 19.4 a 3.08 b
1:9 3158.8 b 28.1 b 11.3 a 191.7 a 19.2 a 3.07 b
2:8 3058.1 b 28.5 b 10.7 b 184.5 b 19.2 a 3.02 c
3:7 2776.3 c 28.0 b 9.9 c 177.2 d 18.5 b 3.02 c
10:0 2527.3 d 26.6 b 9.5 c 160.5 e 18.5 b 3.20 a

表4

不同混播处理下的油菜籽粒含油量及蛋白质含量"

组合
Combination		 比例
Ratio		 绩溪 Jixi 临翔 Linxiang
含油量
Oil content		 蛋白质
Protein		 含油量
Oil content		 蛋白质
Protein
华双5号:华双5号R
Huashuang 5(S) : Huashuang 5R(R)		 0:10 48.30 a 21.17 a 44.16 b 23.25 a
1:9 49.31 a 20.71 a 44.59 ab 22.44 ab
2:8 49.05 a 19.22 a 45.65 a 21.96 b
3:7 48.61 a 19.00 a 44.60 ab 21.98 b
10:0 — — 44.88 ab 22.60 ab
华油杂62号:华油杂62 R
Huayouza 62(S) : Huayouza 62R(R)		 0:10 45.12 a 20.26 a 42.04 b 25.21 a
1:9 45.05 a 20.24 a 42.20 ab 24.08 a
2:8 45.91 a 19.15 a 42.31 ab 24.34 a
3:7 46.22 a 19.06 a 43.22 a 24.28 a
10:0 — — 43.07 ab 24.33 a

表5

华双5号:华双5号R组合不同混播处理下籽粒氨基酸含量"

氨基酸
Amino acid		 绩溪Jixi 临翔Linxiang
比例Ratio 变异系数
CV (%)		 比例Ratio 变异系数
CV (%)
0:10 3:7 0:10 3:7 10:0
中性 Phe 0.82 0.80* 1.51 0.90 ab 0.86 b 0.92 a 3.51
Neutral Lle 0.81 0.78* 2.07 0.85 ab 0.82 b 0.88 a 3.87
Thr 0.75 0.70* 3.58 0.73 b 0.67 c 0.85 a 10.27
Ser 0.61 0.56* 6.11 0.53 b 0.44 b 0.74 a 22.50
Met 0.25 0.23* 3.49 0.23 b 0.24 b 0.25 a 3.15
Val 1.03 1.00* 1.85 1.14 a 1.12 a 1.15 a 2.73
Leu 1.26 1.24 1.20 1.40 ab 1.33 b 1.44 a 4.54
Tyr 0.52 0.52 1.60 0.52 a 0.48 c 0.60 a 9.61
Pro 1.19 1.19 1.92 1.40 a 1.30 b 1.33 b 3.76
Gly 1.02 1.00 1.08 1.11 a 1.07 a 1.10 a 2.88
Ala 0.85 0.84 1.54 0.96 a 0.93 a 0.95 a 2.18
碱性 Lys 1.38 1.35* 1.20 1.51 a 1.40 b 1.53 a 4.62
Basic Arg 1.22 1.16* 2.41 1.43 a 1.34 b 1.46 a 3.71
His 0.61 0.57* 3.48 0.64 a 0.62 a 0.63 a 5.42
酸性 Glu 3.37 3.46 3.00 3.89 a 3.65 b 3.65 b 3.72
Acidic Asp 1.36 1.29* 2.69 1.55 a 1.49 a 1.54 a 2.72
总量Total 17.00 16.66 — 18.74 17.74 18.97 —
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