作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1819-1830.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02027
• 综述 • 下一篇
        
               		Yan-Sheng LI1,2,*( ), Jian JIN2,*(
), Jian JIN2,*( ), Xiao-Bing LIU2
), Xiao-Bing LIU2
			  
			
			
			
                
        
    
摘要:
全球大气二氧化碳(CO2)浓度不断升高对农业生产带来巨大影响。二氧化碳是作物光合作用的底物, 其浓度的升高理论上有利于作物光合作用能力的提高, 从而促进作物生物量和产量的形成。但已有研究表明, 大气CO2浓度升高对作物产量的促进作用小于预期, 同时还存在使作物营养品质变劣的风险, 相关机制尚不清楚。为此, 本文从植物(作物)叶片对CO2的吸收和固定生理基础入手, 综述了不同类型作物关键光合生理指标如: 净光合速率、叶片胞间CO2浓度、Rubisco酶最大羧化速率及Rubp再生速率等对大气CO2浓度的响应差异。以作物整株水平碳-氮代谢平衡为基础, 总结了解释光合适应现象的2种主要假说,即“源-库”调节机制和N素抑制机制。综述了大气CO2浓度升高对不同作物籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、矿质元素和维生素等关键营养指标浓度的影响。分析了未来大气CO2浓度和温度升高的交互作用对作物生产所带来的潜在影响。展望了本领域未来需要关注的主要研究方向。该综述可以为准确评估未来气候条件下作物产量和品质变化, 最大发挥大气CO2浓度升高所带来的“肥料效应”, 减缓气候变化对作物生产带来的不利影响提供理论参考。
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