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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 169-176.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03013

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷肥用量对甜玉米磷素吸收利用的影响

颜晓军1,2(), 叶德练2,3, 苏达2,3, 李芳1,2, 郑朝元1,2, 吴良泉1,2,*()   

  1. 1福建农林大学资源与环境学院, 福建福州 350002
    2福建农林大学国际镁营养研究所, 福建福州 350002
    3福建农林大学农学院, 福建福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-06 接受日期:2020-08-19 出版日期:2021-01-12 网络出版日期:2020-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 吴良泉
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 16565710@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200200);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200207);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200400);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200401);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41601244);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31701367);国家自然科学基金青年项目(2019J01374);福建省教育厅中青年教师科研项目(JAT160174);福建省教育厅中青年教师科研项目(JAT170157);福建省教育厅中青年教师科研项目(JAT170156)

Effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus uptake and utilization of sweet corn

YAN Xiao-Jun1,2(), YE De-Lian2,3, SU Da2,3, LI Fang1,2, ZHENG Chao-Yuan1,2, WU Liang-Quan1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2International Magnesium Institute / Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    3College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2020-03-06 Accepted:2020-08-19 Published:2021-01-12 Published online:2020-09-11
  • Contact: WU Liang-Quan
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200200);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200207);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200400);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200401);Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601244);Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701367);Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(2019J01374);Scientific Research Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Education Department(JAT160174);Scientific Research Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Education Department(JAT170157);Scientific Research Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Education Department(JAT170156)

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摘要：

明确磷素吸收利用特性, 是磷素高效利用及作物高产的基础。本研究通过2年田间磷肥梯度定位试验, 研究不同磷肥供应(0、37.5、75、150和300 kg hm-2, 分别用P0、P1、P2、P3和P4表示)对甜玉米产量、不同器官生物量和磷素累积与分配、磷素转运特征和磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明, 磷肥供应均显著提高2018年和2019年甜玉米的鲜穗产量, 但不同磷肥供应处理 (P1~P4) 之间的产量差异不显著, 磷肥供应显著提高甜玉米拔节期、吐丝期和鲜食期植株的生物量及磷素累积量, 其中籽粒磷素累积量约占植株磷素累积量的42%。磷肥供应下花后磷同化对甜玉米穗部磷素累积量的贡献率达到57.3%~93.0%; 而1 kg磷素生产鲜穗量、磷素生理效率、农学效率、回收利用率和偏生产力均随着磷肥供应量增加而明显下降。综合考虑产量与磷肥利用效率, 在本试验条件下, 37.5 kg hm-2磷肥供应可满足甜玉米高产和磷肥高效利用的需求。

关键词: 甜玉米, 磷肥水平, 产量, 磷素利用

Abstract:

Understanding the phosphorus (P) absorption mechanism is the premise for high P utilization and high crop yield. In this study, the effects of different P rates (0, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 kg hm-2, expressed as P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively) on sweet corn yield, biomass and P accumulation and tissue distribution, P transportation and P utilization were studied using a two-year P gradient positioning field experiment. Our results showed that P application significantly increased the fresh ear yield of sweet corn, but the yield difference among different P application rates (P1-P4) was not significant from 2018 to 2019 compared with P0 treatment. P application significantly increased the biomass and P accumulation of sweet corn plants at jointing, silking and fresh eating stages, respectively. In addition, P accumulation in grain was not significant different, which accounting for 42% of plant P accumulation. With P application, the contribution rate of P assimilation to the ear P accumulation was 57.3%-93.0% after anthesis, while the fresh ear yield per P accumulation, P physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and partial productivity decreased with P rates. Considering the yield and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, the supply of 37.5 kg hm-2 of phosphate fertilizer can meet the needs of high yield and efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer in sweet corn in this experiment.

Key words: sweet corn, phosphorus application rate, yield, phosphorus utilization

图1

甜玉米生育期诏安月均平均气温与降雨量"

图2

甜玉米鲜穗产量与施磷量的关系 图柱上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。P0、P1、P2、P3、P4分别表示磷肥供应0、37.5、75、150和300 kg hm-2。"

表1

不同磷肥供应量下甜玉米各主要生育期植株生物量累积"

处理
Treatment		 2018 2019
拔节期
Jointing stage		 吐丝期
Silking stage		 鲜食期
Fresh eating stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 吐丝期
Silking stage		 鲜食期
Fresh eating stage
P0 0.21 c 2.29 b 7.27 b 0.28 b 2.20 c 5.88 c
P1 0.39 b 3.74 a 9.84 a 0.42 ab 3.49 b 8.28 b
P2 0.49 a 4.10 a 10.02 a 0.45 ab 3.72 b 8.71 ab
P3 0.51 a 4.02 a 10.05 a 0.48 a 3.61 b 8.83 ab
P4 0.52 a 4.30 a 10.10 a 0.49 a 4.36 a 9.42 a

图3

不同磷肥供应量下甜玉米各主要生育期植株磷素累积 处理同图2。图柱上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

不同磷肥供应量下甜玉米鲜食期各器官生物量"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 茎
Stem		 叶(含叶鞘)
Blade (including sheath)		 苞叶
Bract		 籽粒
Grain		 穗轴
Cob		 雄穗
Tassel
2018 P0 1.44 b 2.74 b 0.83 b 1.06 b 0.68 b 0.53 b
P1 1.58 a 3.24 a 1.14 a 2.17 a 1.17 a 0.55 ab
P2 1.63 a 3.32 a 1.22 a 2.12 a 1.19 a 0.53 b
P3 1.56 ab 3.35 a 1.16 a 2.15 a 1.28 a 0.55 ab
P4 1.57 ab 3.45 a 1.13 a 2.16 a 1.20 a 0.57 a
2019 P0 1.13 b 1.85 b 0.61 b 1.20 b 0.63 b 0.47 a
P1 1.29 ab 2.93 a 1.00 a 1.73 a 0.85 a 0.48 a
P2 1.23 b 3.04 a 1.15 a 1.89 a 0.93 a 0.47 a
P3 1.13 b 3.46 a 1.03 a 1.79 a 0.94 a 0.48 a
P4 1.43 a 3.49 a 1.14 a 1.91 a 0.96 a 0.49 a

表3

不同磷肥供应量下甜玉米鲜食期各器官磷浓度"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 茎
Stem		 叶(含叶鞘)
Blade (including sheath)		 苞叶
Bract		 籽粒
Grain		 穗轴
Cob		 雄穗
Tassel
2018 P0 0.04 d 0.10 c 0.05 d 0.30 b 0.17 a 0.05 d
P1 0.09 c 0.19 b 0.11 c 0.45 a 0.15 a 0.09 c
P2 0.14 b 0.20 ab 0.15 bc 0.43 a 0.15 a 0.09 c
P3 0.15 b 0.20 ab 0.20 ab 0.50 a 0.17 a 0.10 b
P4 0.19 a 0.23 a 0.23 a 0.48 a 0.17 a 0.12 a
2019 P0 0.05 c 0.12 b 0.07 c 0.42 b 0.16 c 0.08 c
P1 0.15 b 0.18 ab 0.16 b 0.50 a 0.20 bc 0.09 bc
P2 0.17 ab 0.18 ab 0.17 ab 0.48 ab 0.23 ab 0.11 ab
P3 0.19 ab 0.17 ab 0.19 ab 0.48 ab 0.25 ab 0.09 cbc
P4 0.21 a 0.22 a 0.23 a 0.49 ab 0.27 a 0.13 a

图4

不同磷肥供应量下甜玉米鲜食期磷素累积分配 处理同图2。图柱上小写字母不同表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表4

开花后营养器官中磷素向穗部的转移量及贡献率"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花后磷同
化量
AAAAp
(kg hm-2)		 茎磷转
运量
TAFSp
(kg hm-2)		 叶(含叶鞘)磷转运量
TAFBSp
(kg hm-2)		 雄穗磷转
运量
TAFTp
(kg hm-2)		 磷素转运对穗部的贡献率CFE (%)
AAAAp TAFSp TAFBSp TAFTp
2018 P0 1.29 b 0.62 ab 2.35 a 0.40 a 31.13 b 13.41 a 47.00 a 8.46 a
P1 6.93 a 0.75 a 3.89 a 0.48 a 57.33 ab 6.23 b 32.43 ab 4.00 b
P2 7.13 a -0.16 b 4.38 a -0.01 ab 62.34 ab -1.07 c 38.75 a -0.01 c
P3 10.17 a -0.29 b 4.03 a -0.47 b 75.92 ab -2.41 c 29.86 a -3.36 c
P4 10.51 a -0.26 b 2.83 a -0.11 b 80.98 a -2.03 c 21.87 a -0.82 c
2019 P0 4.98 b 0.02 a 1.02 a 0.38 c 74.53 b 1.11 a 17.29 a 7.06 a
P1 11.16 a -0.35 a -0.01 c 1.18 b 93.05 a -2.89 a -0.15 b 9.99 a
P2 12.20 a -0.35 a 0.19 bc 1.21 ab 92.06 ab -2.59 a 1.38 b 9.15 a
P3 10.90 a -0.18 a 0.86 ab 1.25 ab 84.95 ab -1.41 a 6.72 b 9.75 a
P4 12.33 a -0.16 a 0.66 abc 1.69 a 84.98 ab -1.11 a 4.43 b 11.70 a

表5

不同磷肥供应量下甜玉米磷素效率的差异"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 1 kg磷素产鲜穗量Yield per
phosphorus
accumulation
(kg kg-1)		 磷素生理效率
Phosphorus
internal
efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 磷素收获指数 Phosphorus
harvest index
(%)		 磷肥农学效率
Phosphorus
agronomic
efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 磷肥利用率Phosphorus
recovery
efficiency
(%)		 磷肥偏生产力Phosphorus
partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)
2018 P0 897.29 a 871.96 a 55.79 ab — — —
P1 845.86 a 472.88 b 57.93 a 267.52 a 74.24 a 469.39 a
P2 829.97 a 458.59 bc 51.13 bc 141.73 b 41.02 b 242.67 b
P3 725.46 a 408.45 bc 54.50 abc 68.63 bc 24.40 c 119.10 c
P4 752.79 a 382.31 c 49.10 c 41.05 c 13.56 d 66.28 c
2019 P0 1124.13 a 641.26 a 67.63 a — — —
P1 744.76 b 426.30 b 61.54 b 115.31 a 61.11 a 385.00 a
P2 694.17 b 411.69 b 62.61 b 61.15 b 35.73 b 196.00 b
P3 692.69 b 421.39 b 61.20 b 29.41 bc 17.56 c 96.83 c
P4 592.42 b 365.35 b 56.28 c 17.10 c 12.47 c 50.81 d
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