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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 520-529.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04109

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

膜下滴灌追肥种类对花生结荚期茎叶干物重、矿质养分吸收和产量的影响

秦文洁, 郭润泽, 邹晓霞, 张晓军, 于晓娜, 王月福, 司彤*()   

  1. 青岛农业大学农学院 / 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室, 山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-16 接受日期:2020-10-14 出版日期:2021-03-12 网络出版日期:2020-10-30
  • 通讯作者: 司彤
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 814879754@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(D0201000);山东省农业良种工程(2017LZGC003);山东省花生现代产业技术体系项目资助(SDAIT-04-05)

Effects of drip irrigation and topdressing on dry matter weight, mineral nutrient absorption and yield of pod-bearing stage in peanut

QIN Wen-Jie, GUO Run-Ze, ZOU Xiao-Xia, ZHANG Xiao-Jun, YU Xiao-Na, WANG Yue-Fu, SI Tong*()   

  1. College Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-05-16 Accepted:2020-10-14 Published:2021-03-12 Published online:2020-10-30
  • Contact: SI Tong
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(D0201000);Fine Breeding Project of Shandong Province(2017LZGC003);Shandong Provincial Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology(SDAIT-04-05)

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摘要：

为明确不同肥料种类及其相互配合追施提高花生产量的效应, 确定适宜的追施肥料种类和相互配施, 为花生科学施肥提供理论依据和技术指导。本研究在大田覆膜滴灌条件下, 于花针期设置追施氮、钙、硼肥及其相互配施处理, 研究了膜下滴灌追肥种类对花生结荚期茎叶干物重、矿质养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明, 花针期追施氮、硼、钙肥及其相互配施均可不同程度地提高花生茎叶干物重、含氮量和积累量、含钙量和积累量、荚果产量, 但单独追施氮、硼、钙肥效果不如氮、硼、钙肥配合施用, 其中以追施氮硼钙或氮钙提高茎叶干物重、含氮量和积累量、含钙量和积累量、荚果产量的效果好。追施硼肥可提高花生茎秆、叶片含硼量和积累量, 而与氮、钙肥配施则可促进花生对硼素的吸收积累。花生产量与茎叶干物重、氮积累量、钙积累量和叶片硼积累量均呈显著正相关关系, 茎叶干物重与茎叶氮积累量、茎叶钙积累量均呈显著正相关关系, 茎叶氮积累量与茎叶含氮量呈显著正相关关系, 茎叶钙积累量与茎叶含钙量呈显著正相关关系, 茎叶硼积累量与茎叶含硼量呈显著正相关关系。说明氮硼钙配施促进了花生对氮、硼、钙的吸收积累, 增加了干物质量, 进而提高了产量。

关键词: 花生, 追肥种类, 干物重, 养分含量, 产量

Abstract:

This study was designed to clarify the effects of different fertilizer types and their mutual application on improving peanut yield, to determine the appropriate type of topdressing fertilizer and mutual application, and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for scientific fertilization of peanut. Nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and boron (B) fertilizer were applied at the pod-pin stage under the condition of mulching drip irrigation in the field and the effects of different types of drip irrigation topdressing on dry matter weight, mineral nutrient absorption and yield of peanut in pod-bearing stage were analyzed. The results showed that the dry matter weight, nitrogen content and accumulation, calcium content and accumulation, and pod yield of peanut stems and leaves were significantly increased by topdressing of N, B, and Ca fertilizer in the pod-pin stage, however, the effect of topdressing of N, B, and Ca fertilizer alone was not as good as that of the combination of N, B, and Ca fertilizer, and the effect of topdressing of N, B, and Ca fertilizer on stem and leaf dry matter weight, nitrogen content and accumulation, calcium content and accumulation, and pod yield was better. Topdressing boron fertilizer could improve the boron content and its accumulation in peanut stems and leaves, while the combination of nitrogen and calcium fertilizer could promote the absorption and accumulation of boron in peanut. Peanut yield and stem (matter weight, nitrogen accumulation, calcium accumulation and leaf boron accumulation) were significantly positively related, stem (stem leaf nitrogen accumulation and leaf weight and the calcium accumulation) were significantly positive correlation, stem leaf nitrogen accumulation and stem leaf nitrogen content were significantly positive correlation, the calcium content in the stem leaf calcium accumulation and leaf were significantly positive correlation, stem leaf boron accumulation with stem and leaf boron content were significantly positive correlation. These results suggest that the application of N, B, and Ca promoted the absorption and accumulation of N, B, and Ca, increased the quality of dry matter, and consequently increased the yield of peanut.

Key words: peanut, topdressing species, dry matter weight, nutrient content, yield

表1

2017年和2018年全年相关气象数据"

年份
Year		 月份
Month		 平均温度
Average temperature (℃)		 降水量
Precipitation (mm)		 日照时数
Sunshine hours (h)
2017 1 -0.5 0 129.7
2 1.9 0 162.7
3 6.8 0 195.0
4 15.2 13.3 249.0
5 20.1 30.3 265.3
6 22.9 73.6 234.5
7 27.7 138.1 187.5
8 25.9 144.1 180.2
9 22.4 103.0 206.7
10 14.3 39.2 116.4
11 6.9 1.6 196.4
12 0.5 0 181.6
年平均Annual mean 13.7 45.3 192.1
2018 1 -2.3 0 126.3
2 0.2 1.1 178.6
3 8.0 26.3 206.7
4 13.6 16.5 210.7
5 18.4 82.4 231.8
6 22.7 93.6 237.1
7 26.2 155.2 207.2
8 27.5 178.0 234.5
9 21.5 102.4 201.3
10 16.1 14.9 240.7
11 10.8 17.8 145.5
12 2.2 27.7 111.3
年平均Annual mean 13.7 59.7 194.3

表2

各处理施肥和灌水情况"

处理
Treatment		 追肥量Top dressing amount (kg hm-2) 灌水量
Irrigation quantity (mm)
尿素Carbamide urea 硼沙Borax 硝酸钙Calcium nitrate
CK 0 0 0 10
N 130.5 0 0 10
B 0 15 0 10
Ca 0 0 132.3 10
NB 130.5 15 0 10
NCa 130.5 0 132.3 10
BCa 0 15 132.3 10
NBCa 130.5 15 132.3 10

表3

追肥种类和配施对花生茎叶干物重的影响"

处理
Treatment		 叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem
2017 2018 2017 2018
CK 18.84 e 17.86 d 15.00 c 14.48 d
N 21.09 bc 20.03 bc 17.97 ab 16.19 bc
B 18.61 e 18.22 cd 16.18 bc 15.80 bcd
Ca 19.26 cd 18.93 cd 16.71 bc 15.40 bcd
NB 21.22 bc 20.97 ab 18.25 ab 16.56 bc
NCa 22.82 ab 22.80 a 19.12 a 17.29 ab
BCa 20.74 cd 19.03 bc 17.79 ab 16.09 bc
NBCa 23.22 a 22.63 a 19.59 a 18.96 a

表4

追肥种类和配施对花生茎叶含氮量和积累量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 含氮量Nitrogen content (%) 氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation (mg plant-1)
叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem 叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
CK 2.63 b 2.78 bc 1.28 c 1.45 bc 495.38 de 495.82 f 191.94 e 209.43 ef
N 2.75 ab 3.08 a 1.54 ab 1.72 a 579.67 bc 616.82 cd 276.60 ab 278.47 bc
B 2.66 b 2.90 b 1.28 c 1.49 bc 495.07 e 527.67 ef 207.10 de 234.84 de
Ca 2.71 ab 3.06 a 1.38 c 1.53 bc 521.88 cde 578.73 de 230.47 cd 235.11 de
NB 2.77 ab 3.10 a 1.56 a 1.72 a 587.03 bc 649.27 bc 284.01 a 284.83 bc
NCa 2.82 a 3.15 a 1.57 a 1.74 a 643.09 ab 718.31 a 299.37 a 300.91 ab
BCa 2.73 ab 3.05 a 1.40 bc 1.60 ab 565.61 cd 580.32 de 248.52 bc 257.49 cd
NBCa 2.87 a 3.13 a 1.56 a 1.76 a 666.41 a 707.57 ab 306.42 a 334.39 a

表5

追肥种类和配施对花生茎叶含钙量和积累量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 含钙量Calcium content (%) 钙素积累量Calcium accumulation (mg plant-1)
叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem 叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
CK 2.03 e 1.90 de 1.03 d 0.97 cd 382.36 d 338.68 e 154.44 e 139.94 ef
N 2.13 de 1.97 cd 1.08 d 1.02 bcd 448.93 bc 394.53 cd 193.93 d 165.14 cd
B 2.15 de 2.00 cd 1.04 d 0.96 cd 400.12 cd 364.40 de 168.26 e 151.12 de
Ca 2.30 bc 2.19 ab 1.18 bc 1.06 abc 442.98 bc 414.57 bc 197.05 d 162.73 cd
NB 2.21 cd 2.08 bc 1.10 cd 1.01 bcd 468.96 bc 436.13 bc 200.05 cd 167.25 bcd
NCa 2.54 a 2.33 a 1.24 ab 1.09 ab 578.51 a 531.32 a 236.27 ab 188.50 b
BCa 2.39 b 2.31 a 1.26 ab 1.09 ab 495.69 b 439.59 b 224.20 bc 175.42 bc
NBCa 2.57 a 2.33 a 1.28 a 1.12 a 596.75 a 528.03 a 251.55 a 213.02 a

表6

追肥种类和配施对花生茎叶含硼量和积累量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 含硼量Boron content (%) 硼素积累量Boron accumulation (mg plant-1)
叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem 叶片Leaf 茎秆Stem
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
CK 0.042 e 0.052 cd 0.025 bc 0.027 c 0.79 d 0.94 c 0.38 d 0.39 d
N 0.043 e 0.052 cd 0.023 c 0.033 b 0.90 d 1.04 c 0.42 cd 0.53 c
B 0.069 ab 0.070 ab 0.031 a 0.041 a 1.29 c 1.23 b 0.49 ab 0.65 b
Ca 0.048 de 0.052 d 0.024 c 0.028 c 0.93 d 0.98 c 0.40 d 0.43 d
NB 0.074 a 0.073 a 0.029 ab 0.039 a 1.57 a 1.54 a 0.52 ab 0.65 b
NCa 0.056 cd 0.057 c 0.025 bc 0.033 b 1.27 c 1.30 b 0.48 bc 0.57 c
BCa 0.067 abc 0.067 b 0.026 bc 0.041 a 1.39 bc 1.32 b 0.47 bc 0.67 b
NBCa 0.063 bc 0.070 ab 0.028 ab 0.039 a 1.46 ab 1.58 a 0.55 a 0.74 a

表7

追肥种类和配施对花生产量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 产量Yield (kg hm-2)
2017 2018
CK 4318.83 e 4278.70 f
N 4785.20 cd 4811.67 cd
B 4613.50 de 4510.37 ef
Ca 4694.25 cd 4707.41 de
NB 5024.89 bc 5027.97 bc
NCa 5249.56 ab 5222.04 ab
BCa 4860.16 cd 4857.22 cd
NBCa 5496.89 a 5407.41 a

表8

花生茎叶干物重、养分含量、积累量、产量间的相关性"

Y LDW SDW NCL NAL NCS NAS CCL CAL CCS CAS BCL BAL BCS BAS
Y 1 0.931** 0.877** 0.479 0.906** 0.665 0.928** 0.778* 0.918** 0.628 0.788* 0.396 0.722* 0.181 0.521
LDW 1 0.900** 0.317 0.877** 0.549 0.895** 0.723* 0.928** 0.637 0.790* 0.182 0.566 -0.054 0.307
SDW 1 0.076 0.658 0.348 0.832* 0.788* 0.913** 0.759* 0.928** 0.364 0.621 -0.026 0.356
NCL 1 0.733* 0.899** 0.586 0.054 0.193 -0.240 -0.020 0.279 0.373 0.685 0.712
NAL 1 0.852* 0.938** 0.538 0.759* 0.339 0.524 0.268 0.592 0.311 0.583
NCS 1 0.830* 0.128 0.351 -0.094 0.129 0.463 0.609 0.599 0.735*
NAS 1 0.600 0.797 0.459 0.670 0.304 0.641 0.234 0.580
CCL 1 0.927** 0.922** 0.894** 0.201 0.474 -0.162 0.130
CAL 1 0.840* 0.920** 0.203 0.556 -0.120 0.232
CCS 1 0.931** 0.087 0.335 0.413 -0.151
CAS 1 0.238 0.514 -0.201 0.112
BCL 1 0.908** 0.665 0.686
BAL 1 0.528 0.696
BCS 1 0.914**
BAS 1
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