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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 530-545.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03021

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

夏玉米不同部位干物质临界氮浓度稀释曲线的构建及对产量的估计

苏文楠1,2, 解君2, 韩娟1,2, 刘铁宁1,2, 韩清芳1,2,*()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学农学院 / 农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2中国旱区节水农业研究院 / 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-26 接受日期:2020-10-14 出版日期:2021-03-12 网络出版日期:2020-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 韩清芳
  • 作者简介:E-mail: asuwennan@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA102902);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104);国家自然科学基金项目资助(31601256)

Construction of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on dry matter in diffe rent organs of summer maize and estimation of grain yield

SU Wen-Nan1,2, XIE Jun2, HAN Juan1,2, LIU Tie-Ning1,2, HAN Qing-Fang1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2020-03-26 Accepted:2020-10-14 Published:2021-03-12 Published online:2020-11-03
  • Contact: HAN Qing-Fang
  • Supported by:
    study was supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Programs of China “863 Program” for the 12th Five-Year Plants(2013AA102902);Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303104);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601256)

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摘要：

准确和动态地诊断营养生长阶段植株氮状况, 对于评估植物氮需求、预测玉米产量以及优化氮素管理至关重要。基于植物的氮诊断工具可优化夏玉米生产中氮素的管理, 本研究旨在开发和验证基于玉米地上部不同部位干物质的临界氮浓度稀释曲线, 并建立玉米相对产量(relative yield, RY)与不同生长阶段氮素营养指数(nitrogen nutrition index, NNI)和累积氮素亏缺(accumulated nitrogen deficit, AND)的关系。本文以2个不同氮效率的品种为试验材料进行连续4年的田间定位试验, 设置4个氮素水平(0、150、225和300 kg hm-2), 分析不同施氮量对2个玉米品种营养生长阶段干物质的影响, 基于叶干物质(leaf dry matter, LDM)、茎干物质(stem dry matter, SDM)和植物干物质(plant dry matter, PDM), 构建不同的临界氮浓度稀释曲线。结果表明, 基于LDM、SDM和PDM建立的临界氮浓度稀释曲线, 均能很好地诊断玉米氮营养状况; 3条临界氮浓度稀释曲线对产量进行预测比较发现, RY与NNI和AND在不同生长阶段之间的相关性均达到显著水平, 相关系数R2值均大于0.65, 其中R2值在V12-VT时期最大, 同时回归模型的验证结果表明, 在V12-VT时期模型显示出可靠性。R2值大于0.92, RMSE值小于10%, 证实了模型在V12和VT两个时期关系的稳定性。总的来说, 一定的条件下, 基于LDM和SDM建立的临界氮浓度稀释曲线可以对基于PDM建立的临界氮浓度稀释曲线进行代替。在V12-VT阶段, RY与NNI和AND的稳定关系很好地说明了在受氮素限制和非氮素限制下RY的变化, 并对夏玉米产量进行准确的估计。本研究为花前玉米的氮肥管理提高粮食产量提供理论依据。

关键词: 临界氮浓度稀释曲线, 玉米, 氮营养指数, 累积氮素亏缺

Abstract:

It is essential to accurate and dynamic diagnosis of plant nitrogen status at vegetative growth stage for the assessment of plant nitrogen demand and the prediction of crop yield as well as the optimization of nitrogen management in maize. Plant-based nitrogen diagnostic tool can be used to optimize nitrogen management in summer maize production. The aim of this study was to develop and verify critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves based on dry matter in different tissue of the plant, and to establish the relationship between relative yield (RY) nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), and accumulated nitrogen deficit (AND) at different growth stages in maize. We conducted a 4-year field study using four nitrogen application rates (0, 150, 225, and 300 kg N hm-2) and two maize cultivars (Zhengda 12 and Shaandan 609) to analyze the effects of nitrogen on dry matter at the vegetative growth stage, and based on leaf dry matter (LDM), stem dry matter (SDM), and plant dry matter (PDM), different critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves were developed. The results showed that the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves based on LDM, SDM and PDM can well diagnose the nitrogen nutrition status of corn. The yield prediction results of three critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves showed that the relationship between RY and NNI, AND at different growth stages was highly significant, and the values of R 2 were all greater than 0.65, where R 2 was the largest at V12-VT, and the verification of the regression model showed reliable model performance during the V12-VT period, with R 2 values greater than 0.92 and RMSE values less than 10%, which confirmed the stability of the relationship between V12 and VT. Generally, under certain conditions, the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve based on LDM and SDM can be used to replace the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve based on PDM. The stable relationship between RY and NNI, RY and AND in V12-VT stage can well explain the change of RY under restricted and unrestricted nitrogen and estimate the yield of summer maize. This study provides the basis for nitrogen management of pre-anthesis to improve maize grain yield.

Key words: critical nitrogen dilution curve, maize, nitrogen nutrition index, accumulated nitrogen deficit

表1

2014-2017年干物质取样时期"

项目Item V3 (M/D) V6 (M/D) V8 (M/D) V12 (M/D) VT (M/D) R6 (M/D)
2014 6/27 7/12 7/17 7/30 8/13 10/14
2015 6/29 7/15 7/20 8/2 8/17 10/15
2016 7/1 7/14 7/21 7/31 8/15 10/3
2017 6/29 7/13 7/21 8/4 8/13 10/14

表2

2014-2017年正大12和陕单609的氮效率"

施氮量
Nitrogen rate		 品种
Cultivar		 氮肥偏生产力
Partial factor productivity nitrogen
(PFPN, kg kg-1)		 氮肥回收效率
Recovery efficiency of nitrogen
(REN, %)		 氮素利用效率
Nitrogen utilization efficiency
(NutE, kg kg-1)		 氮素吸收效率
Nitrogen uptake efficiency
(NupE, kg kg-1)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
N0 ZD 79.1 a 78.4 a 71.0 a 72.6 a 69.5 a 76.6 a 79.9 a 98.0 a
SD 73.0 b 69.9 b 61.2 b 63.3 b 62.1 b 64.6 b 66.8 b 76.9 b
N150 ZD 62.7 a 67.9 a 64.9 a 70.1 a 36.2 a 44.9 a 45.3 a 39.5 a 60.9 a 59.0 a 51.4 a 57.6 a 35.6 a 36.9 a 37.3 a 40.4 a
SD 54.3 b 55.4 b 56.9 b 58.3 b 29.8 b 36.6 b 34.4 b 39.3 a 57.6 b 52.7 b 49.2 b 49.1 b 30.8 b 30.1 b 31.7 b 32.0 b
N225 ZD 46.7 a 49.2 a 50.8 a 50.8 a 40.7 a 43.5 a 38.0 a 39.3 a 54.9 a 54.5 a 54.9 a 53.9 a 30.7 a 30.3 a 30.5 a 24.3 a
SD 39.7 b 40.8 b 43.5 b 44.3 b 38.1 b 36.9 b 34.4 b 37.7 a 48.9 b 49.5 b 49.0 b 48.9 b 26.1 b 25.2 b 25.7 b 20.7 b
N300 ZD 34.0 a 35.7 a 37.6 a 36.7 a 35.4 a 35.9 a 37.0 a 32.6 a 49.4 a 50.2 a 48.2 a 49.8 a 24.4 a 23.7 a 24.5 a 18.4 a
SD 30.3 b 30.8 b 32.4 b 32.8 b 34.7 a 34.2 a 32.6 b 34.2 a 45.3 a 45.1 b 44.2 b 44.3 b 21.8 b 20.5 b 20.8 b 15.6 b
方差分析 品种Cultivar (C) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
ANOVA 氮肥Nitrogen rate (N) ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ns ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
品种×氮肥C×N ** ** ns ** ns ** ns ns * ** ns ** ns ** ** **

图1

基于叶片、茎和植株干物质建立的2个玉米品种临界氮浓度稀释曲线的差异比较 SD: 陕单609; ZD: 正大12; Nc: 地上部氮浓度的临界值; LDM: 叶片干物质; SDM: 茎干物质; PDM: 植株干物质。“○”表示品种陕单609, “●”表示品种正大12; “──”表示品种陕单609, “- - -”表示品种正大12。** 表示在P < 0.01水平上显著。"

表3

临界氮浓度稀释曲线的验证"

参数
Parameter		 正大12 Zhengda 12 陕单609 Shaandan 609
RMSE n-RMSE RMSE n-RMSE
叶片Leaf 0.043 1.799 0.032 1.354
茎Stem 0.192 16.733 0.048 3.549
植株Plant 0.148 9.135 0.088 4.996

图2

用2016-2017年获得的数据验证Nc稀释曲线 符号(○)和(×)分别代表2016年和2017年的不受氮素限制值和受氮素限制值。a、b和c实线分别代表陕单609的叶片、茎和植株的Nc稀释曲线, d、e和f实线分别代表正大12的叶片、茎和植株的Nc稀释曲线。两侧的虚线代表最小和最大的曲线, 用2014-2015年不受氮素限制值(△)和受氮素限制值(◇)获得。Nmin和Nmax为氮浓度最小和最大值; LDM: 叶片干物质; SDM: 茎干物质; PDM: 植株干物质。** 表示在P < 0.01水平上显著。"

图3

基于叶片干物质建立的临界氮浓度曲线得到的RY与NNI和AND的关系 V3、V6、V8、V12、VT和R6分别代表玉米的三叶期、六叶期(拔节期)、八叶期、十二叶期(大喇叭口期)、抽雄期和完熟期。SD: 陕单609; ZD: 正大12; “△”表示品种陕单609, “◇”表示品种正大12; “──”表示品种陕单609, “……”表示品种正大12。** 表示在P < 0.01水平上显著。"

图4

基于茎干物质建立的临界氮浓度曲线得到的RY与NNI和AND的关系 缩写和符号同图3。** 表示在P < 0.01水平上显著。"

图5

基于植株干物质建立的临界氮浓度曲线得到的RY与NNI和AND的关系 缩写和符号同图3。** 表示在P < 0.01水平上显著。"

表4

相对籽粒产量(RY)的RMSE, n-RMSE和R2的值(根据2016-2017年不同时期的氮营养指数(NNI)和累积氮亏(AND)预测)"

部位
Organ or plant		 品种
Cultivar		 参数
Parameter		 氮亏缺Accumulated nitrogen deficit (AND) 氮营养指数Nitrogen nutrition index (NNI)
V3 V6 V8 V12 VT V3 V6 V8 V12 VT
叶片
Leaf		 正大12 RMSE 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.05
Zhengda 12 n-RMSE 9.10 9.04 10.41 3.51 5.23 8.85 13.65 8.39 5.72 5.31
R2 0.90 0.89 0.86 0.98 0.96 0.90 0.76 0.91 0.95 0.96
陕单609 RMSE 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.05
Shaandan 609 n-RMSE 12.40 6.86 8.69 5.81 5.40 8.80 8.12 7.90 2.82 5.11
R2 0.83 0.93 0.88 0.95 0.95 0.88 0.90 0.90 0.98 0.96
茎
Stem		 正大12 RMSE 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.06
Zhengda 12 n-RMSE 11.83 10.66 10.96 7.16 6.67 8.81 11.40 6.46 6.79 6.49
R2 0.83 0.85 0.84 0.93 0.94 0.90 0.82 0.94 0.94 0.94
陕单609 RMSE 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03
Shaandan 609 n-RMSE 11.00 11.12 6.35 3.92 4.18 6.46 9.14 5.57 4.74 3.16
R2 0.87 0.81 0.94 0.97 0.97 0.93 0.87 0.95 0.96 0.98
植株
Plant		 正大12 RMSE 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.04
Zhengda 12 n-RMSE 17.09 9.87 7.81 6.11 4.63 10.70 9.97 7.03 6.57 4.38
R2 0.65 0.88 0.92 0.95 0.97 0.86 0.88 0.94 0.94 0.97
陕单609 RMSE 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.04
Shaandan 609 n-RMSE 13.47 11.25 8.32 4.65 7.85 9.24 9.42 4.91 3.03 4.93
R2 0.80 0.86 0.92 0.97 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.97 0.99 0.97

表5

V12和VT时期氮营养指数(NNI)和累积氮亏缺(AND)的相对产量(RY)的预测模型(根据4年试验数据估算)"

处理
Treatment		 生育时期
Growth stage		 R2 回归方程
Regression equation (RY-AND)		 R2 回归方程
Regression equation (RY-NNI)
ZD leaf V12 0.94 RY = 1.081-0.026AND if AND > 3.5 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 3.5 0.96 RY = -0.01+NNI if NNI<0.95 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 0.95
VT 0.95 RY = 1.138-0.028AND if AND > 5.3 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 5.3 0.96 RY = -0.033+1.1NNI if NNI<0.93 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 0.93
SD leaf V12 0.98 RY = 1.010-0.019AND if AND > 0.5 and RY = 1 AND ≤ 0.5 0.98 RY = 0.284+0.688NNI if NNI<1.04 and RY = 1 NNI ≥ 1.04
VT 0.98 RY = 0.997-0.017AND if AND > 0.4 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 0.4 0.98 RY = 0.271+0.705NNI if NNI<1.02 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 1.02
ZD stem V12 0.97 RY = 1.079-0.023AND if AND > 3.6 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 3.6 0.97 RY = 0.418+0.615NNI if NNI<0.93 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 0.93
VT 0.98 RY = 1.182-0.024AND if AND > 8 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 8 0.98 RY = 0.414+0.678NNI if NNI<0.85 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 0.85
SD stem V12 0.98 RY = 1.014-0.016AND if AND > 1.5 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 1.5 0.98 RY = 0.494+0.506NNI if NNI<1 and RY = 1 NNI ≥ 1
VT 0.98 RY = 1.006-0.01AND if AND > 1.6 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 1.6 0.99 RY = 0.565+0.405NNI if NNI < 1.05 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 1.05
ZD plant V12 0.97 RY = 1.148-0.015AND if AND > 10.5 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 10.5 0.97 RY = 0.188+0.881NNI if NNI < 0.91 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 0.91
VT 0.98 RY = 1.072-0.01AND if AND > 8.2 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ 8.2 0.98 RY = 0.139+0.886NNI if NNI < 0.96 and RY = 0.99 NNI ≥ 0.96
SD plant V12 0.98 RY = 1.048-0.01AND if AND > 4.8 and RY = 1 AND ≤ 4.8 0.99 RY = 0.351+0.669NNI if NNI < 0.97 and RY = 1 NNI ≥ 0.97
VT 0.98 RY = 1.013-0.005AND if AND > -4.6 and RY = 0.99 AND ≤ -4.6 0.98 RY = 0.412+0.556NNI if NNI < 1.06 and RY = 1 NNI ≥ 1.06

表6

基于不同部位建立的临界氮浓度稀释曲线与其他模型参数的比较"

部位
Organ		 作物
Crop		 地点
Site		 a b 参考文献
Reference
植株 玉米Maize 关中平原Guanzhong Plain 2.25 0.27 Li Z P et al.[29]
Plant 黄淮海平原Huanghuaihai Plain 3.34 0.396 Liang X G et al.[38]
华北平原North China Plain 2.72 0.27 Yue S C et al.[37]
本试验This study 2.47 0.24
2.33 0.26
叶片 玉米Maize 黄淮海平原Huanghuaihai Plain 3.45 0.22 Zhao B et al.[10]
Leaf 水稻Rice 长江中下游平原the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains 3.76 0.22 Wang X L[44]
小麦Wheat 长江中下游平原the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains 3.06 0.15 Yao X et al.[23]
关中平原Guanzhong Plain 3.96 0.14 Qiang S C et al.[45]
本试验This study 2.64 0.20
2.61 0.21
茎 小麦Wheat 长江中下游平原the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains 2.50 0.44 Wang X L [44]
Stem 水稻Rice 长江中下游平原the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains 2.26 0.32 Ata-Ul-Karim S T et al.[22]
本试验This study 1.58 0.39
1.83 0.34
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