作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2471-2480.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02083
韦还和1(), 张徐彬1, 葛佳琳1, 陈熙2, 孟天瑶2, 杨洋3, 熊飞3, 陈英龙1, 戴其根1,2,*()
WEI Huan-He1(), ZHANG Xu-Bin1, GE Jia-Lin1, CHEN Xi2, MENG Tian-Yao2, YANG Yang3, XIONG Fei3, CHEN Ying-Long1, DAI Qi-Gen1,2,*()
摘要:
旨在探明盐胁迫对水稻颖花形成与籽粒充实性状的影响机制, 本研究以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108和盐稻12为试材, 在盆栽条件下设置对照(check, CK, 盐浓度0%)、中盐(medium-salinity stress, MS, 盐浓度0.15%)和高盐(high-salinity stress, HS, 盐浓度0.3%), 分析盐胁迫对颖花分化与退化、花器官发育及籽粒充实的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, (1) 盐胁迫下水稻产量显著下降, 中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108产量降幅分别为18.7%和54.5%, 盐稻12分别为24.3%和58.6%。(2) 盐胁迫显著降低了每穗粒数, 中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108每穗粒数较对照分别低8.6%和19.8%, 盐稻12较对照分别低8.0%和25.9%。此外, 中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108和盐稻12的结实率和粒重亦均显著低于对照。(3) 盐胁迫下水稻颖花分化数与现存数下降, 颖花退化数与退化率增加; 盐胁迫降低了一次和二次枝粳颖花分化数和现存数, 提高了一次和二次枝粳颖花退化数, 二次枝粳颖花分化数和现存数的下降幅度和颖花退化数的增加幅度均高于一次枝粳。(4) 盐胁迫下花药长度、宽度与体积降低, 花药开裂率、花粉活力以及颖花长度与宽度呈类似趋势。本研究表明, 盐胁迫抑制水稻颖花分化, 促进颖花退化, 导致每穗颖花数显著下降; 影响花器官正常发育, 并降低籽粒饱满度, 使籽粒充实性状明显变劣。
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