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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 459-471.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24041

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

密度对不同株型花生单粒精播群体质量及产量的影响

刘俊华1,2,3(), 吴正锋3, 党彦学4, 于天一3, 郑永美3, 万书波5,*(), 王才斌3, 李林1,*()   

  1. 1湖南农业大学 / 湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所, 湖南长沙 410128
    2滨州学院生物与环境工程学院, 山东滨州 256600
    3山东省花生研究所 / 国家花生工程技术研究中心, 山东青岛 266100
    4临沂市农业科学院, 山东临沂 276000
    5山东省农业科学院 / 山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室, 山东济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-21 接受日期:2022-06-07 出版日期:2022-07-09 网络出版日期:2022-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 万书波,李林
  • 作者简介:刘俊华, E-mail: liujh516@163.com第一联系人：

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000906);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010702);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022A10)

Effects of density on population quality and yield of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing

LIU Jun-Hua1,2,3(), WU Zheng-Feng3, DANG Yan-Xue4, YU Tian-Yi3, ZHENG Yong-Mei3, WAN Shu-Bo5,*(), WANG Cai-Bin3, LI Lin1,*()   

  1. 1Hunan Agriculture University / Upland Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
    3Shandong Peanut Research Institute / National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    4Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
    5Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-02-21 Accepted:2022-06-07 Published:2022-07-09 Published online:2022-07-09
  • Contact: WAN Shu-Bo,LI Lin
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000906);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(2019JZZY010702);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2022A10)

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摘要：

为明确种植密度对不同株型花生单粒精播群体质量的影响, 选用直立型大花生品种“花育22” (Huayu 22, HY22)和半匍匐型大花生品种“花育9513” (Huayu 9513, HY9513), 设置D1 (7.5万株 hm-2)、D2 (15万株 hm-2)、D3 (22.5万株 hm-2) 3个密度, 对不同密度下不同株型花生产量、光合产物累积与分配、叶面积系数、植株性状和粒叶比进行了研究。结果如下: (1) 随密度的增加, “花育22”荚果产量呈增加趋势, “花育9513”呈先升高后降低的趋势, “花育9513”最适种植密度低于“花育22”。(2) “花育22”植株群体干重整个生育期均随密度的增加而增加, 密度越大增幅越小, “花育9513”幼苗期干重随密度的增加而增加, 花针期之后随密度增加先增加后降低, D2密度植株干重最大。随密度增加, 根的干物质分配比例增加, 果针的分配比例降低; “花育9513”与“花育22”收获期干重相当, 但干物质向荚果的分配比例较小、经济系数和粒叶比低。花生生育前期叶面积系数、光合势随密度的增加呈增加的趋势, “HY9513”增幅高于“HY22”; “HY9513”的叶面积系数、光合势在结荚之前与“HY22”差异不显著, 但结荚至收获期显著高于“HY22”。(3) 收获期单株侧枝数和果枝数随密度的增加而降低, 群体侧枝数、果枝数随密度的增加而增加。(4) 相关性分析结果表明, 荚果产量与结荚后的干物质累积, 尤其是饱果期的干物质累积、光合势及收获期的植株干重、叶面积系数呈显著或极显著正相关。综上, 密度对不同株型花生群体质量影响不同, 直立型花生“花育22”耐密性好, 最适密度高, 而半匍匐型花生“花育9513”耐密性较差, 最适密度低。

关键词: 密度, 花生, 株型, 单粒精播, 群体质量

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of planting density on the population quality of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing, this experiment were carried out with two plant-types (erect big peanut variety “Huayu 22” and semi-creeping big peanut variety “Huayu 9513”), three densities (75,000 plants hm-2, 150,000 plants hm-2, and 225,000 plants hm-2). Yield, photosynthetic product accumulation and distribution, leaf area index, plant characteristics and grain leaf ratio were studied. The results were as follows: (1) With the increase of density, the pod yield of “Huayu 22” increased, while that of “Huayu 9513” increased first and then decreased, in addition, the optimum planting density of “Huayu 9513” was lower than that of “Huayu 22”. (2) The population dry weight of “Huayu 22” increased with the increase of density during the growth period, and the greater the density, the smaller the increase range. While the population dry weight of “Huayu 9513” increased with the increase of density at seedling stage, increased first and then decreased with the increase of density after flower pegging stage, and the dry weight of D2 density was the largest. With the increase of density, the distribution proportion of dry matter in roots increased and that in fruit needles decreased; “Huayu 9513” and “Huayu 22” had the probably same dry weight at harvest stage, while the distribution proportion of dry matter to pods was less, and the economic coefficient and grain to leaf were lower. The leaf area index and leaf area duration of peanut increased with the increase of density at the early growth stage, and the increase of “Huayu 9513” was higher than that of “Huayu 22”. The leaf area index and leaf area duration of “Huayu 9513” was not significantly different from that of “Huayu 22” before pod setting stage, however from pod setting stage to harvest stage it was significantly higher than that of “Huayu 22”. (3) The number of lateral branches and fruit branches per plant decreased with the increase of density in the harvest period, while that of the population increased with the increase of density. (4) The correlation analysis showed that there were positive or significant positive correlation between peanut pod yield and dry matter accumulation after pod setting stage, especially dry matter accumulation at pod fulling stage, leaf area duration, plant dry weight, and leaf area index at harvest stage. In conclusion, density showed different effects on the population quality of peanut with different plant types, erect peanut “Huayu 22” showed good density tolerance and the optimum density was higher, while semi-creeping peanut “Huayu 9513” showed poor density tolerance. The optimum density of “Huayu 9513” was lower.

Key words: density, peanut, plant type, single-seed precision sowing, population quality

表1

试验地基础地力理化性状"

年份
Year		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 水解氮Hydrolysable N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷Available P (mg kg-1) 速效钾Available K (mg kg-1) 交换性钙
Exchangeable calcium
(cmol kg-1)
2019 6.5 1.16 80.4 130.0 93.4 8.0
2020 6.9 1.32 97.8 58.5 127.0 9.8

图1

密度对不同株型花生荚果产量的影响 D1、D2和D3分别代表种植密度为7.5、15和22.5万株 hm-2。HY22: 花育22; HY9513: 花育9513。标以不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。"

表2

密度对不同株型花生产量性状的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 密度
Density		 单株结果数
Pods per plant		 公顷果数
Pods per hm2
(×104 hm-2)		 千克果数
Pods per kg
2019 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 56.9±2.2 a 426.7±16.3 ab 568.7±32.6 b
D2 32.7±0.6 c 490.0±8.7 a 569.8±34.5 b
D3 22.2±0.5 de 499.0±11.3 a 610.2±19.6 ab
平均Average 37.2±17.8 A 471.9±39.4 A 582.9±23.7 B
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 43.0±5.8 b 322.5±43.6 c 613.4±31.9 ab
D2 25.2±0.7 d 378.3±10.4 bc 569.7±22.3 b
D3 18.4±3.9 e 415.0±86.9 ab 666.0±30.5 a
平均Average 28.9±12.7 B 371.9±46.6 B 616.3±48.2 A
品种Variety (V) ** ** **
密度Density (D) ** ns *
品种×密度V×D ns ns ns
2020 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 50.7±5.8 a 380.0±43.3 b 563.2±1.6 b
D2 35.4±6.2 b 531.3±92.6 a 596.4±33.7 ab
D3 24.9±3.8 c 560.6±85.2 a 595.4±19.1 ab
平均Average 37.0 ±12.9 A 490.6±96.9 A 585.0±18.9 A
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 39.3±5.4 b 294.4±40.6 b 628.4±46.5 a
D2 20.8±3.1 c 312.5±46.9 b 580.7±18.1 ab
D3 16.1±5.4 c 361.9±120.7 b 607.6±26.0 ab
平均Average 25.4±12.2 B 322.9±34.9 B 605.6±23.9 A
品种Variety (V) ** ** ns
密度Density (D) ** ns ns
品种×密度V×D ns ns ns

表3

密度对不同株型花生群体干物质累积的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 密度
Density		 干物质重
Dry matter weight
(t hm-2)		 阶段干物质累积量
Dry matter accumulation
(t hm-2)
幼苗期SS 花针期FPS 结荚期PSS 收获期HS 结荚前BPS 结荚后APS
2019 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 / 4.5±0.4 ab 8.0±0.8 a 10.2±1.0 c 4.5±0.4 ab 5.7±0.7 b
D2 / 5.6±0.6 ab 10.6±3.2 a 12.4±1.8 bc 5.6±0.6 ab 6.9±2.3 ab
D3 / 6.1±0.7 a 11.6±2.7 a 15.0±1.9 ab 6.1±0.7 a 8.8±1.2 ab
平均Average / 5.4±0.9 A 10.1±2.6 A 12.5±2.5 A 5.4±0.9 A 7.1±1.6 B
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 / 3.8±0.7 b 8.5±2.5 a 12.4±2.3 bc 3.8±0.7 b 8.6±1.6 ab
D2 / 5.7±1.4 a 11.7±1.6 a 14.3±0.6 ab 5.7±1.4 a 8.6±1.4 ab
D3 / 5.5±1.1 ab 10.6±1.8 a 16.1±2.2 a 5.5±1.1 ab 10.6±3.3 a
平均Average / 5.0±1.3 A 10.3±2.2 A 14.3±2.3 A 5.0±1.3 A 9.3±1.2 A
品种Variety (V) ns ns ns ns *
密度Density (D) * ns ** * ns
品种×密度V×D ns ns ns ns ns
2020 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 0.6±0.2 cd 5.8±0.3 bc 10.4±1.6 cd 9.6±1.3 ab 5.8±0.3 bc 3.9±1.6 a
D2 1.1±0.3 b 7.3±0.5 ab 9.5±0.2 d 11.2±1.8 ab 7.3±0.5 ab 3.8±1.3 a
D3 1.6±0.4 a 8.5±2.1 a 14.3±1.0 a 12.0±1.3 a 8.5±2.1 a 3.6±2.9 a
平均Average 1.1±0.5 A 7.2±1.6 A 11.4±2.4 A 11.0±1.7 A 7.2±1.6 A 3.8±0.2 A
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 0.5±0.1 d 4.0±0.5 c 9.9±1.6 d 9.8±0.7 ab 4.0±0.5 c 5.9±1.0 a
D2 1.0±0.1 bc 6.6±0.1 ab 12.7±0.5 ab 10.6±1.3 ab 6.6±0.1 ab 4.0±1.3 a
D3 1.3±0.2 ab 8.3±1.3 a 11.7±1.7 bc 9.0±0.5 b 8.3±1.3 a 0.7±0.8 b
平均Average 0.9±0.4 A 6.3±2.0 A 11.5±1.7 A 9.8±1.0 A 6.3±2.0 A 3.5±2.6 A
品种Variety (V) ns ns ns ns ns ns
密度Density (D) ** ** ** ns ** ns
品种×密度V×D ns ns ** ns ns ns

表4

密度对不同株型花生收获期干物质分配的影响"

年份 Year 品种
Variety		 密度
Density		 干物质分配比例Dry matter distribution ratio (%) 营养体/生殖体
V/ R
根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 果
Pod		 果针
Peg
2019 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 1.7±0.5 b 21.8±3.7 b 6.7±2.2 c 66.0±3.1 a 3.9±1.3 a 0.4±0.1 b
D2 1.8±0.6 b 24.2±1.4 b 8.7±7.4 c 62.3±6.9 a 3.1±0.4 a 0.5±0.2 b
D3 3.0±0.7 a 25.0±4.0 b 9.1±4.3 bc 60.6±4.7 a 2.4±1.5 a 0.6±0.1 b
平均Average 2.1±0.7 A 23.6±1.7 B 8.1±1.3 B 63.0±2.8 A 3.1±0.7 A 0.5±0.1 B
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 2.1±0.4 a 36.4±1.0 a 17.0±2.9 ab 41.4±1.6 b 3.1±0.6 a 1.3±0.1 a
D2 2.0±0.1 a 40.9±4.4 a 13.6±1.0 abc 41.0±4.0 b 2.5±1.1 a 1.3±0.2 a
D3 2.8±1.0 a 39.4±2.6 a 18.0±2.8 a 37.7±3.8 b 2.1±0.1 a 1.5±0.2 a
平均Average 2.3±0.4 A 38.9±2.3 A 16.2±2.3 A 40.0±2.0 B 2.6±0.5 A 1.4±0.1 A
品种Variety (V) ns ** ** ** ns **
密度Density (D) * ns ns ns ns ns
品种×密度V×D ns ns ns ns ns ns
2020 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 1.4±0.1 e 27.4±1.9 b 1.8±0.8 cd 65.7±1.5 a 3.7±0.3 a 0.4±0.0 c
D2 1.5±0.1 e 27.6±1.7 b 1.1±0.4 d 66.3±1.7 a 3.5±0.3 a 0.4±0.0 c
D3 1.8±0.1 d 28.6±1.2 b 0.9±0.5 d 65.7±0.5 a 3.0±0.3 bc 0.5±0.0 c
平均Average 1.5±0.2 B 27.9±0.6 B 1.3±0.5 B 65.9±0.4 A 3.4±0.3 A 0.4±0.0 B
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 1.9±0.1 c 43.9±1.2 a 6.5±1.4 a 44.4±1.1 c 3.2±0.3 ab 1.1±0.0 a
D2 2.3±0.2 b 43.3±2.1 a 5.2±1.8 ab 46.1±3.6 bc 3.1±0.1 bc 1.0±0.1 ab
D3 2.6±0.1 a 43.1±0.4 a 3.5±0.2 bc 48.2±0.6 b 2.6±0.4 c 1.0±0.0 b
平均Average 2.3±0.3 A 43.5±0.4 A 5.1±1.5 A 46.2±1.9 B 3.0±0.3 B 1.0±0.1 A
品种Variety (V) ** ** ** ** ** **
密度Density (D) ** ns * ns ** ns
品种×密度V×D * ns ns ns ns ns

图2

密度对不同株型花生叶面积系数的影响 缩写同表3和图1。"

图3

密度对不同株型花生光合势的影响 同一时期标以不同小写字母表示不同密度间在0.05水平上差异显著。BPS: 结荚前; PSS: 结荚期; PFS: 饱果期。缩写同图1。"

表5

密度对不同株型花生粒叶比的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 结实数/叶面积
Number of fruits/Leaf area (No. dm-2)		 果数/叶面积
Number of pods/Leaf area (No. dm-2)		 果重/叶面积
Dry weight of pods/Leaf area (g dm-2)
2019 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 1.8±0.2 a 1.6±0.2 a 2.4±0.3 a
D2 1.8±0.6 a 1.3±0.4 ab 2.0±0.4 ab
D3 1.4±0.7 ab 1.2±0.6 ab 1.9±0.7 abc
平均Average 1.7±0.5 A 1.4±0.4 A 2.1±0.5 A
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 0.9±0.1 b 0.7±0.1 b 1.1±0.2 cd
D2 0.8±0.2 b 0.6±0.1 b 1.0±0.2 d
D3 1.1±0.3 ab 0.8±0.4 b 1.2±0.5 bcd
平均Average 0.9±0.2 B 0.7±0.2 B 1.1±0.3 B
品种Variety (V) ** ** **
密度Density (D) ns ns ns
品种×密度V×D ns ns ns
2020 花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 1.4±0.2 a 1.1±0.2 a 1.9±0.3 a
D2 1.8±0.1 a 1.4±0.1 a 1.9±0.1 a
D3 1.8±0.4 a 1.4±0.5 a 2.0±0.6 a
平均Average 1.7±0.3 A 1.3±0.3 A 1.9±0.3 A
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 0.7±0.1 b 0.5±0.2 b 0.8±0.2 b
D2 0.7±0.1 b 0.5±0.1 b 0.8±0.1 b
D3 0.9±0.2 b 0.6±0.1 b 0.8±0.1 b
平均Average 0.7±0.2 B 0.5±0.1 B 0.8±0.1 B
品种Variety (V) ** ** **
密度Density (D) ns ns ns
品种×密度V×D ns ns ns

图4

密度对不同株型花生植株性状的影响 缩写同表3和图1。"

表6

密度对不同株型花生收获期分枝数的影响"

品种
Variety		 密度
Density		 侧枝数Number of lateral branches 果枝数Number of fruit branches 有效枝比率Effective branch ratio (%)
单株Single
(No. plant-1)		 群体 Population
(×104 hm-2)		 单株Single
(No. plant-1)		 群体 Population
(×104 hm-2)
花育22
Huayu 22		 D1 30.3±2.5 bc 227.5±18.9 c 11.7±1.2 b 87.5±8.7 b 38.8±6.8 b
D2 15.0±3.0 d 225.0±45.0 c 10.0±3.0 b 150.0±45.0 ab 69.6±26.7 a
D3 18.3±0.6 d 412.5±13.0 b 9.3±1.5 b 210.0±34.4 a 51.1±9.5 ab
花育9513
Huayu 9513		 D1 63.0±5.0 a 472.5±37.5 ab 19.7±6.0 a 147.5±26.5 ab 31.2±2.6 b
D2 39.0±7.0 b 585.0±105.0 a 12.0±0.0 b 180.0±0.0 a 30.8±5.2 b
D3 21.0±5.6 cd 472.5±125.3 ab 8.0±1.0 b 180.0±22.5 a 41.1±17.0 b

表7

荚果产量与群体质量指标相关性分析"

群体质量指标 Population quality index 花育22 Huayu 22 花育9513 Huayu 9513
单位面积株数 Number of plants per hm2 0.357 -0.138
单株果数 Number of pods per plant -0.298 0.287
公顷果数 Number of pods per hm2 0.328 0.420
千克果数 Number of pods per kg 0.005 -0.107
结实数/叶面积 No. of fruits/the maximum leaf area -0.124 0.288
果数/叶面积 No. of pods/the maximum leaf area -0.097 0.386
果重/叶面积 Dry weight of pods/the maximum leaf area -0.119 0.488*
主茎高 Stem height -0.488* -0.426
侧枝长 Lateral branch length -0.503* 0.189
株型指数 Plant type index -0.069 0.368
侧枝数 The number of lateral branches 0.235 0.107
花针期叶面积系数 LAI of flower pegging stage 0.071 -0.355
结荚期叶面积系数 LAI of pod setting stage 0.345 -0.024
收获期叶面积系数 LAI of harvest stage 0.590** 0.684**
结荚前光合势 LAD before pod setting stage -0.312 -0.480*
结荚期光合势 LAD of pod setting stage 0.564* 0.605**
饱果期光合势 LAD of pod fulling stage 0.612** 0.769**
花针期植株干重 DMW of flower pegging stage -0.252 -0.291
结荚期植株干重 DMW of pod setting stage 0.103 -0.276
收获期植株干重 DMW of harvest stage 0.537* 0.712**
结荚前干物质累积 DMW accumulation before pod setting stage -0.252 -0.291
结荚后干物质累积 DMW accumulation after pod setting stage 0.634** 0.686**
结荚期干物质累积 DMW accumulation of pod setting stage 0.281 -0.018
饱果期干物质累积 DMW accumulation of pod fulling stage 0.336 0.697**
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