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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1551-1561.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21032

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

燕麦种质资源耐盐碱性鉴定评价及耐盐碱种质筛选

张静1(), 高文博1, 晏林1, 张宗文1,2, 周海涛3, 吴斌1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
    2国际生物多样性中心, 北京 100081
    3张家口市农业科学院, 河北张家口 075000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-28 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-06-12 网络出版日期:2022-11-02
  • 通讯作者: *吴斌, E-mail: wubin03@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhangjing12290218@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-A-1);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326305D);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目和农作物种质资源保护与利用专项(2020NWB036-06)

Identification and evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance and screening of salt-alkali tolerant germplasm of oat (Avena sativa L.)

ZHANG Jing1(), GAO Wen-Bo1, YAN Lin1, ZHANG Zong-Wen1,2, ZHOU Hai-Tao3, WU Bin1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Biodiversity International, Beijing 100081, China
    3Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-04-28 Accepted:2022-10-10 Published:2023-06-12 Published online:2022-11-02
  • Contact: *E-mail: wubin03@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07-A-1);Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(21326305D);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) in CAAS, and the Crop Germplasm Resources Protection(2020NWB036-06)

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摘要：

受气候变化及人类生产活动影响, 世界盐碱地范围不断扩大, 土壤盐碱化现已成为限制农业生产发展的重要因素。燕麦是一种耐盐碱性较强的作物, 为了评价燕麦种质资源耐盐碱性及筛选耐盐碱的燕麦种质, 本研究利用125 mmol L-1 NaCl、Na2SO4和NaHCO3 (物质的量比为1∶1∶1)的混合盐碱溶液对485份燕麦核心种质材料进行发芽胁迫处理, 测定了发芽期发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、根鲜重、芽鲜重、根干重和芽干重8项指标, 利用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析及聚类分析等方法对参试燕麦种质进行了耐盐碱综合评价及筛选。结果表明: 盐碱胁迫对测定的8项指标均表现出抑制作用; 盐碱胁迫下各指标的隶属函数值之间, 及各指标隶属函数值与综合评价值之间均呈现出极显著的正相关性; 通过主成分分析将8项测定指标转换成了2个主成分, 累计方差贡献率为76.926%; 结合隶属函数分析与聚类分析共筛选出2份高耐盐碱型的燕麦材料: 燕1606和海阔夫斯基596号, 将485份燕麦种质的耐盐碱性划分成了5个等级, 其中高耐盐碱材料2份、耐盐碱材料49份、中等耐盐碱材料147份、盐碱敏感材料129份、盐碱极敏感材料158份; 综合相关性分析、主成分分析和逐步回归方程结果, 确定芽长作为发芽期燕麦耐盐碱筛选的首选指标, 其次根鲜重、芽鲜重、发芽势和发芽率也是进行发芽期燕麦耐盐碱综合评价及筛选的重要指标。

关键词: 燕麦, 种质资源, 发芽期, 耐盐碱, 综合评价

Abstract:

Affected by climate change and human production activities, the world’s salt-alkali land is expanding, and soil salinization has become an important factor limiting the development of agricultural production. Oat is a crop with the strong saline-alkali tolerance. To evaluate the salinity tolerance of oat germplasm resources in China, 485 accessions were stress treated with 125 mmol L-1 NaCl, Na2SO4, and NaHCO3 (1:1:1 molar concentration) solution at germination stage. Eight growth indexes, including germination potential, germination rate, root length, bud length, root fresh weight, bud fresh weight, root dry weight, and bud dry weight, were identified at the germination stage of oats. A comprehensive evaluation and screening of oat germplasm resources for salt-alkali tolerance was performed by the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that salt-alkali inhibited all eight indexes identified, and a significant positive correlation was observed between the affiliation function values of the indexes under salt-alkali tolerance and with the comprehensive evaluation value. Eight evaluation indexes were converted into two comprehensive indexes by principal component analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution of 76.926%. The membership function analysis combined with cluster analysis screened a total of two oat accessions with high salt-alkaline tolerance (Oat 1606 and Heikowski 596) and classified 485 accessions into five classes, including two highly saline-alkaline tolerance, 49 salt-alkaline-tolerant accessions, 147 medium saline-alkaline tolerance accessions, 129 sensitive saline-alkaline accessions, and 158 high saline-alkaline sensitive accessions. The results of correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis, and the bud length was screened as the preferred indicator for the screening of salt-alkali tolerance in germinating oats, followed by root fresh weight, bud fresh weight, germination potential, and germination rate, which were also important indexes for the comprehensive evaluation and screening of salt-alkali tolerance in germinating oats.

Key words: Avena sativa L., germplasm resources, germination stage, salt-alkali tolerance, comprehensive evaluation

图1

不同盐碱浓度下8份燕麦资源发芽指标变化 A: 裸燕麦发芽势变化趋势; B: 皮燕麦发芽势变化趋势; C: 裸燕麦发芽率变化趋势; D: 皮燕麦发芽率变化趋势; 同一品种不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图2

盐碱胁迫对燕麦发芽期性状的影响 CK: 对照处理; T: 125 mmol L-1盐碱胁迫处理; GP: 发芽势; GR: 发芽率; RL: 根长; BL: 芽长; RFW: 根鲜重; BFW: 芽鲜重; RDW: 根干重; BDW: 芽干重; ***: 表示在0.001概率水平显著相关。"

表1

485份燕麦种质在对照和盐碱胁迫条件下各性状描述统计"

指标
Indicator		 对照处理Control treatment 盐碱胁迫处理Saline-alkali stress treatment
最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV
GP (%) 96.000 2.667 47.073 28.367 60.260 82.000 0.667 23.615 16.928 71.683
GR (%) 98.000 3.333 49.376 29.648 60.046 87.333 0.667 26.245 18.234 69.475
RFW (g) 0.075 0.014 0.045 0.011 25.561 0.039 0.002 0.011 0.005 46.416
BFW (g) 0.151 0.024 0.069 0.014 20.184 0.055 0.002 0.021 0.009 40.769
RDW (g) 0.014 0.002 0.004 0.001 25.507 0.006 0 0.002 0.001 35.188
BDW (g) 0.029 0.003 0.007 0.002 24.505 0.007 0 0.003 0.001 36.322
RL (cm) 15.167 4.733 10.912 1.870 17.133 3.713 0.233 1.217 0.631 51.827
BL (cm) 19.733 6.130 12.655 1.630 12.882 7.587 0.467 3.043 1.397 45.922

表2

燕麦发芽期各指标的主成分方差贡献率"

主成分
Principal
component		 初始特征值Initial eigenvalue 提取载荷平方和Extract square sum load
特征值
Eigenvalue		 方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate (%)		 累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate (%) 特征值
Eigenvalue		 方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate (%)		 累积方差贡献率
Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
1 4.629 57.867 57.867 4.629 57.867 57.867
2 1.525 19.060 76.926 1.525 19.060 76.926
3 0.735 9.186 86.112
4 0.614 7.669 93.781
5 0.249 3.115 96.897
6 0.123 1.538 98.435
7 0.108 1.352 99.787
8 0.017 0.213 100.000

图3

燕麦各性状隶属函数值及D值的相关性分析 缩写同图2; D-value: 综合评价值; **表示在0.01水平上显著相关。"

表3

主成分载荷矩阵"

主成分
Principal component		 GP GR RFW BFW RDW BDW RL BL
1 0.634 0.632 0.847 0.851 0.669 0.777 0.730 0.897
2 0.745 0.747 -0.111 -0.370 -0.187 -0.423 0.116 -0.187

图4

485份燕麦种质资源耐盐碱性聚类分析 I: 高耐盐碱型; II: 耐盐碱型; III: 中等耐盐碱型; IV: 盐碱敏感型; V: 盐碱极敏感型。"

表4

不同盐碱浓度对燕麦发芽指标的影响"

盐碱浓度
Saline-alkali concentrations		 411 (海阔夫斯596号Heikowski 596) 413 (燕1606 Oat 1606)
GP GR GP GR
CK 51.33 a 52.00 a 52.67 a 54.67 a
125 mmol L-1 34.00 b 39.33 ab 22.00 b 30.67 ab
150 mmol L-1 24.67 bc 30.67 b 20.67 c 27.33 b
175 mmol L-1 18.67 cd 24.67 b 8.00 cd 12.67 b
200 mmol L-1 6.67 d 8.00 c 3.33 d 6.00 c

表5

不同地区燕麦D值描述统计"

地理来源
Geographical origin		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV
中国华北地区 North China 0.041 0.484 0.139 c 0.059 0.424
中国东北地区 Northeast China 0.092 0.415 0.199 ab 0.076 0.382
中国西南地区 Southwest China 0.042 0.162 0.080 d 0.026 0.325
中国西北地区 Northwest China 0.051 0.578 0.173 bc 0.097 0.561
东欧地区 Eastern Europe 0.069 0.712 0.187 bc 0.129 0.690
西欧地区 Western Europe 0.061 0.565 0.229 ab 0.108 0.472
大洋洲地区 Oceanica 0.124 0.355 0.228 ab 0.071 0.311
东北亚地区 Northeast Asia 0.160 0.319 0.244 a 0.057 0.234
美洲地区 The Americas 0.069 0.858 0.183 bc 0.142 0.776
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