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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2953-2964.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11107

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系

柳妍娣1(), 赵宝平1,*(), 张宇1, 米俊珍1, 武俊英2, 刘景辉1   

  1. 1内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010000
    2内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古包头 014000
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-30 接受日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-11-12 网络出版日期:2022-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 赵宝平
  • 作者简介:第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 1776242393@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31960378);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07);国家重点研发计划项目国际合作重点专项(2018YFE0107900)

Relationship between yield differences of different genotypes of oats and leaf physiological characteristics

LIU Yan-Di1(), ZHAO Bao-Ping1,*(), ZHANG Yu1, MI Jun-Zhen1, WU Jun-Ying2, LIU Jing-Hui1   

  1. 1School of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2021-11-30 Accepted:2022-02-25 Published:2022-11-12 Published online:2022-03-24
  • Contact: ZHAO Bao-Ping
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960378);The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07);The International Cooperation Key Special Project of National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFE0107900)

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摘要：

为了解燕麦穗花形成过程中叶片生理特性对产量的影响, 本试验于2020年和2021年, 以9个不同来源、熟期、穗型、株型、小穗数的品种为试验材料, 采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法, 对不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系进行分析。结果表明: 不同品种间, 抽穗期各生理指标存在显著差异, 通过聚类分析, 将供试的9个品种分为高产和低产品种两类, 其中高产品种较低产品种的籽粒产量显著高73.61%~4.78%; 高产品种的GA3、ZR、IAA含量、SPS、SS活性、净光合速率、叶片蔗糖含量、干物质积累量、穗部蔗糖同化效率的整体水平均优于低产品种; 其中, GA3含量、SPS活性和净光合速率较低产品种显著高49.17%~13.70%、33.29%~4.43%、87.88%~5.72%。结果表明, 结实小穗数、穗粒数、叶片赤霉素含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性和净光合速率对高产品种的产量形成影响最为显著。说明可将增加结实小穗数、穗粒数作为提高产量的突破口, 适当开“源”、延缓叶片衰老以保证酶和激素的活性, 对燕麦获得高产有积极影响。

关键词: 燕麦, 产量, 生理特性, 抽穗期, 主成分分析

Abstract:

To understand the effects of leaf physiological characteristics on yield during flowering process in oats, this experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021, using nine varieties with different sources, maturity, ear type, plant type, and number of spikelets as experimental materials, and variance analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods are used to analyze the relationship between the yield differences of different genotypes of oats and the physiological characteristics of leaves. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of different varieties. The grain yield of high-yield varieties and lower-product varieties was significantly higher by 73.61% to 4.78%. The contents of GA3, ZR, IAA, SPS, SS activities, net photosynthetic rate, the overall level of leaf sucrose content, dry matter accumulation, and ear sucrose assimilation efficiency was better than those of low-yield varieties. Among them, the lower GA3 content, SPS activity, and net photosynthetic rate product varieties were significantly higher by 49.17% to 13.70%, 33.29% to 4.43%, and 87.88% to 5.72%. The results showed that the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spike, the content of gibberellin in leaves, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, and the net photosynthetic rate had the most significant effects on high-yielding varieties. These results indicated that increasing the number of bearing spikelets and the number of grains per ear can be used as a breakthrough to increase yield, appropriately opening the “source” and delaying leaf senescence to ensure the activity of enzymes and hormones, which had a positive impact on yield in oat.

Key words: oats, yield, physiological characteristics, heading date, principal component analysis

表1

9个不同基因型燕麦的主要特征"

品种
Variety		 皮裸性
Hulled or naked		 株型
Plant type		 穗型
Spike type		 小穗数
Number of spikelets		 熟期
Maturity stage		 来源
Source
坝莜1号
Ba1		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 21, 中
21, middle		 中熟
Middle maturity		 河北
Hebei
坝莜9号
Ba9		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 30, 多
30, many		 中熟
Middle maturity		 河北
Hebei
坝莜18号
Ba18		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 39, 多
39, many		 晚熟
Late maturity		 河北
Hebei
草莜1号
Cao1		 裸
Naked		 紧凑高秆
Compact high pole		 周散
Scattered around		 21, 中
21, middle		 早熟
Early maturity		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia
白燕2号
Bai2		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 侧散
Side scattered		 11, 少
11, few		 早熟
Early maturity		 吉林
Jilin
白燕5号
Bai5		 裸
Naked		 紧凑矮秆
Compact low bar		 侧散
Side scattered		 12, 少
12, few		 早熟
Early maturity		 吉林
Jilin
华北2号
Hua2		 裸
Naked		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 20, 中
20, middle		 中熟
Middle maturity		 河北
Hebei
定莜8号
Ding8		 裸
Naked		 紧凑高秆
Compact high pole		 周散
Scattered around		 24, 中
24, middle		 晚熟
Late maturity		 甘肃定西
Dingxi, Gansu
蒙燕1号
Meng1		 皮
Hulled		 紧凑
Compact		 周散
Scattered around		 27, 中
27, middle		 中熟
Middle maturity		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia

表2

各品种生育时期及基本苗数"

年份
Year		 基因型
Genotype		 生育时期Childbearing period (month/day) 全生育期
Whole growth
stage (d)		 基本苗数
Basic seedling
(×104 hm-2)
分蘖期
Tillering stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽穗期Heading stage 灌浆期
Grouting stage		 成熟期
Maturity
2020 Ba1 5/27 6/4 6/27 7/12 7/30 92 400.20 ab
Ba9 5/27 6/4 6/27 7/12 7/31 93 430.22 a
Ba18 5/29 6/7 6/30 7/16 8/10 103 370.19 bcd
Cao1 5/27 6/5 6/27 7/12 8/3 96 330.17 e
Bai2 5/27 6/3 6/24 7/10 7/26 88 320.16 f
Bai5 5/27 6/4 6/24 7/11 7/28 90 350.18 cde
Hua2 5/27 6/4 6/26 7/12 7/31 93 420.21 a
Ding8 5/27 6/4 6/26 7/11 7/30 92 340.17 de
Meng1 5/27 6/4 6/27 7/13 7/31 93 380.19 bc
2021 Ba1 5/17 6/3 6/17 6/25 7/13 95 405.54 ab
Ba9 5/16 6/3 6/17 6/26 7/14 96 349.51 cd
Ba18 5/19 6/6 6/20 6/30 7/20 102 412.21 ab
Cao1 5/16 6/3 6/17 6/25 7/13 95 384.19 bc
Bai2 5/16 6/3 6/11 6/19 7/4 86 393.53 b
Bai5 5/16 5/26 6/11 6/20 7/5 87 344.17 d
Hua2 5/16 6/3 6/16 6/24 7/13 95 436.22 a
Ding8 5/16 5/26 6/19 6/24 7/13 95 318.83 d
Meng1 5/16 5/26 6/19 6/26 7/13 95 409.54 ab

表3

不同基因型燕麦产量差异"

年份
Year		 基因型Genotype 单位面积穗数
Number of ears per unit area		 结实小穗数
Number of fruiting spikelets		 花梢小穗数
Number of fancy spikelets		 穗粒数
Number of grains per spike		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
2020 Ba1 408.33 a 41.40 a 0.67 e 107.15 a 3483.41 a
Ba9 383.00 c 34.31 b 2.13 d 72.58 d 3075.64 c
Ba18 396.00 b 40.53 a 3.99 c 91.13 b 3365.22 b
Cao1 258.33 g 34.53 b 4.13 c 82.09 c 2623.98 d
Bai2 214.33 i 29.93 c 4.02 c 69.27 f 2030.68 g
Bai5 313.00 f 30.18 c 2.02 d 70.78 e 2457.26 e
Hua2 240.00 h 24.94 d 5.26 b 61.40 g 2037.75 g
Ding8 334.00 e 18.20 e 8.38 a 48.87 i 2007.80 h
Meng1 371.00 d 23.93 d 5.13 b 55.08 h 2185.09 f
2021 Ba1 483.13 a 36.43 a 1.55 f 102.22 a 3581.79 a
Ba9 464.23 b 33.08 b 3.22 d 95.42 b 3247.87 b
Ba18 418.37 d 29.24 c 4.22 b 81.44 c 2963.98 c
Cao1 395.00 f 32.52 b 3.77 c 82.37 c 2813.91 d
Bai2 357.77 i 23.85 f 4.94 a 60.37 g 2320.78 h
Bai5 380.00 g 25.23 de 2.40 e 76.78 d 2767.88 e
Hua2 369.67 h 24.25 ef 4.04 bc 63.05 f 2436.22 g
Ding8 409.97 e 21.92 g 5.23 a 52.63 h 2063.16 i
Meng1 452.57 c 26.23 d 4.88 a 66.63 e 2625.24 f
年份Year (Y) *** *** * *** ***
品种Variety (V) *** *** *** *** ***
Y×V *** *** *** *** ***

表4

不同基因型燕麦花前干物质转运与花后干物质积累的差异"

年份
Year		 基因型Genotype 花前干物质Dry matter before anthesis 花后干物质Dry matter after anthesis
转运量
Translocation amount
(kg hm-2)		 贡献率
Contribution rate
(%)		 积累量
Accumulation amount (kg hm-2)		 贡献率
Contribution rate
(%)
2020 Ba1 559.75 e 16.07 2923.66 a 83.93
Ba9 768.38 c 24.98 2307.25 c 75.02
Ba18 608.09 e 18.07 2757.12 b 81.93
Cao1 688.62 d 26.24 1935.36 d 73.76
Bai2 896.98 b 44.17 1133.70 fg 55.83
Bai5 745.23 cd 30.33 1712.04 e 69.67
Hua2 1005.84 a 49.36 1031.92 g 50.64
Ding8 1028.78 a 51.24 979.02 g 48.76
Meng1 974.35 a 44.59 1210.74 f 55.41
2021 Ba1 513.32 e 14.33 3068.47 a 85.67
Ba9 584.29 d 17.99 2663.58 b 82.01
Ba18 522.18 de 17.62 2441.80 c 82.38
Cao1 517.06 e 18.38 2296.85 cd 81.62
Bai2 710.76 c 30.63 1610.03 ef 69.37
Bai5 647.79 c 23.40 2120.09 d 76.60
Hua2 910.32 b 37.37 1525.90 f 62.63
Ding8 1110.42 a 53.82 952.73 g 46.18
Meng1 862.56 b 32.86 1762.67 e 67.14

表5

不同基因型燕麦蔗糖含量差异"

年份
Year		 基因型Genotype 抽穗期蔗糖含量
Sucrose content at heading stage (mg g-1)		 成熟期蔗糖含量
Sucrose content at maturity (mg g-1)		 穗部蔗糖同化效率
Spike sucrose
assimilation efficiency (%)
茎Stem 叶Leaf 穗Spike 茎Stem 叶Leaf 穗Spike
2020 Ba1 128.30 a 129.84 a 110.79 a 41.98 g 30.57 f 13.51 g 87.81
Ba9 123.43 b 110.13 c 105.89 b 47.63 ef 37.36 e 16.81 ef 84.13
Ba18 126.25 a 113.43 b 111.74 a 46.13 f 33.21 f 15.96 f 85.72
Cao1 109.19 c 103.25 d 98.82 c 48.77 e 37.08 e 17.19 e 82.61
Bai2 80.72 e 97.41 f 84.59 f 59.89 b 49.61 b 23.60 b 72.09
Bai5 98.07 d 101.08 de 94.96 d 52.06 d 42.17 d 19.54 d 79.42
Hua2 82.04 e 96.94 f 87.23 e 58.95 b 47.63 bc 20.48 c 76.52
Ding8 79.87 e 93.26 g 82.80 g 65.54 a 53.10 a 25.20 a 69.57
Meng1 96.28 d 99.01 ef 94.20 d 54.52 c 44.81 cd 20.58 c 78.15
2021 Ba1 126.00 a 122.56 a 106.81 a 49.05 g 37.64 f 20.58 g 80.73
Ba9 120.81 b 103.64 bc 96.47 b 54.70 ef 44.43 e 23.88 ef 75.25
Ba18 110.89 c 106.57 b 104.88 a 53.20 f 40.28 f 23.03 f 78.04
Cao1 122.38 ab 101.54 c 94.98 bc 55.84 e 44.15 e 24.26 e 74.46
Bai2 76.43 f 94.73 d 82.63 e 66.96 b 56.68 b 30.67 b 62.88
Bai5 81.31 e 94.53 d 88.36 d 61.59 c 49.24 d 27.65 c 68.71
Hua2 78.66 ef 94.42 d 83.37 e 66.02 b 54.70 bc 27.55 c 66.95
Ding8 75.03 f 95.94 d 82.65 e 72.62 a 60.17 a 32.27 a 60.96
Meng1 99.40 d 94.36 d 93.37 c 59.14 d 51.88 cd 26.61 d 71.50

表6

不同基因型燕麦光合特性差异"

年份
Year		 基因型
Genotype		 净光合速率
Pn (μmol m-2 s-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr (mmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs (mmol m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci (μmol mol-1)
2020 Ba1 30.85 a 10.38 a 277.05 a 364.00 a
Ba9 24.64 c 8.50 cd 189.02 d 346.47 c
Ba18 24.67 c 9.25 b 217.34 b 349.05 b
Cao1 28.12 b 9.16 bc 191.02 c 343.15 d
Bai2 21.41 d 6.60 f 168.23 f 335.22 f
Bai5 24.26 c 7.90 de 179.28 e 339.18 e
Hua2 18.29 e 7.67 e 148.89 g 319.47 g
Ding8 10.42 f 4.47 h 106.18 i 232.37 i
Meng1 20.50 d 5.31 g 146.48 h 280.45 h
2021 Ba1 26.90 a 13.63 a 289.32 a 497.59 a
Ba9 26.19 ab 13.60 a 288.77 ab 492.58 b
Ba18 25.67 b 13.30 a 287.24 cd 481.14 c
Cao1 23.28 c 13.20 ab 287.76 bc 455.21 d
Bai2 21.50 d 10.76 de 286.06 d 393.41 h
Bai5 22.02 d 12.03 bc 286.54 cd 412.44 f
Hua2 21.69 d 11.42 cd 286.43 cd 407.26 g
Ding8 20.45 e 9.64 e 281.58 e 350.27 i
Meng1 23.22 c 11.68 cd 286.89 cd 414.09 e
年份Year (Y) ns *** *** ***
基因型Genotype (G) *** *** *** ***
Y×G *** ** *** ***

图1

不同基因型燕麦旗叶中SPS、SS活性差异 不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。各品种见表1。"

图2

不同基因型燕麦旗叶中ZR、IAA、GA3、ABA含量差异 不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。各品种见表1。"

图3

不同基因型燕麦叶片生理特性与产量的相关性 *表示0.05水平上的显著相关性, **表示0.01水平上的极显著相关性; GY:籽粒产量; NE: 单位面积穗数; NS: 结实小穗数; NF: 花梢穗数; NG: 穗粒数; GA3: 赤霉素; IAA: 生长素; ABA: 脱落酸; ZR: 玉米素核苷; SS: 蔗糖合成酶; SPS: 蔗糖磷酸合成酶; LSC: 叶片蔗糖含量; Pn: 净光合速率。"

表7

各指标特征值及贡献率"

变量
Variable		 主成分1
Principal
component 1		 主成分2
Principal
component 2
GY 0.38 -0.13
NS 0.39 -0.07
NG 0.37 -0.18
GA 0.39 -0.06
IAA 0.28 0.66
ABA -0.28 0.64
ZR 0.36 0.20
Pn 0.36 0.24
特征值Eigenvalue 6.34 0.80
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 79.20 9.95
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate (%)		 79.20 89.15

图4

各指标主成分分析载荷系数图"

图5

不同基因型燕麦聚类分析"

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