不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11107

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2953-2964.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11107

• 研究简报 • 上一篇

不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系

柳妍娣¹(), 赵宝平¹^,^*(), 张宇¹, 米俊珍¹, 武俊英², 刘景辉¹

¹内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010000
²内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院, 内蒙古包头 014000

收稿日期:2021-11-30 接受日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-11-12 网络出版日期:2022-03-24
通讯作者: 赵宝平
作者简介:第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 1776242393@qq.com
基金资助:
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31960378);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07);国家重点研发计划项目国际合作重点专项(2018YFE0107900)

Relationship between yield differences of different genotypes of oats and leaf physiological characteristics

LIU Yan-Di¹(), ZHAO Bao-Ping¹^,^*(), ZHANG Yu¹, MI Jun-Zhen¹, WU Jun-Ying², LIU Jing-Hui¹

¹School of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
²Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2021-11-30 Accepted:2022-02-25 Published:2022-11-12 Published online:2022-03-24
Contact: ZHAO Bao-Ping
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960378);The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07);The International Cooperation Key Special Project of National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFE0107900)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解燕麦穗花形成过程中叶片生理特性对产量的影响, 本试验于2020年和2021年, 以9个不同来源、熟期、穗型、株型、小穗数的品种为试验材料, 采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法, 对不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系进行分析。结果表明: 不同品种间, 抽穗期各生理指标存在显著差异, 通过聚类分析, 将供试的9个品种分为高产和低产品种两类, 其中高产品种较低产品种的籽粒产量显著高73.61%~4.78%; 高产品种的GA₃、ZR、IAA含量、SPS、SS活性、净光合速率、叶片蔗糖含量、干物质积累量、穗部蔗糖同化效率的整体水平均优于低产品种; 其中, GA₃含量、SPS活性和净光合速率较低产品种显著高49.17%~13.70%、33.29%~4.43%、87.88%~5.72%。结果表明, 结实小穗数、穗粒数、叶片赤霉素含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性和净光合速率对高产品种的产量形成影响最为显著。说明可将增加结实小穗数、穗粒数作为提高产量的突破口, 适当开“源”、延缓叶片衰老以保证酶和激素的活性, 对燕麦获得高产有积极影响。

关键词: 燕麦, 产量, 生理特性, 抽穗期, 主成分分析

Abstract:

To understand the effects of leaf physiological characteristics on yield during flowering process in oats, this experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021, using nine varieties with different sources, maturity, ear type, plant type, and number of spikelets as experimental materials, and variance analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods are used to analyze the relationship between the yield differences of different genotypes of oats and the physiological characteristics of leaves. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of different varieties. The grain yield of high-yield varieties and lower-product varieties was significantly higher by 73.61% to 4.78%. The contents of GA₃, ZR, IAA, SPS, SS activities, net photosynthetic rate, the overall level of leaf sucrose content, dry matter accumulation, and ear sucrose assimilation efficiency was better than those of low-yield varieties. Among them, the lower GA₃ content, SPS activity, and net photosynthetic rate product varieties were significantly higher by 49.17% to 13.70%, 33.29% to 4.43%, and 87.88% to 5.72%. The results showed that the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spike, the content of gibberellin in leaves, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, and the net photosynthetic rate had the most significant effects on high-yielding varieties. These results indicated that increasing the number of bearing spikelets and the number of grains per ear can be used as a breakthrough to increase yield, appropriately opening the “source” and delaying leaf senescence to ensure the activity of enzymes and hormones, which had a positive impact on yield in oat.

Key words: oats, yield, physiological characteristics, heading date, principal component analysis

柳妍娣, 赵宝平, 张宇, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 刘景辉. 不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(11): 2953-2964.

LIU Yan-Di, ZHAO Bao-Ping, ZHANG Yu, MI Jun-Zhen, WU Jun-Ying, LIU Jing-Hui. Relationship between yield differences of different genotypes of oats and leaf physiological characteristics[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(11): 2953-2964.

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品种 Variety	皮裸性 Hulled or naked	株型 Plant type	穗型 Spike type	小穗数 Number of spikelets	熟期 Maturity stage	来源 Source
坝莜1号 Ba1	裸 Naked	紧凑 Compact	周散 Scattered around	21, 中 21, middle	中熟 Middle maturity	河北 Hebei
坝莜9号 Ba9	裸 Naked	紧凑 Compact	周散 Scattered around	30, 多 30, many	中熟 Middle maturity	河北 Hebei
坝莜18号 Ba18	裸 Naked	紧凑 Compact	周散 Scattered around	39, 多 39, many	晚熟 Late maturity	河北 Hebei
草莜1号 Cao1	裸 Naked	紧凑高秆 Compact high pole	周散 Scattered around	21, 中 21, middle	早熟 Early maturity	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia
白燕2号 Bai2	裸 Naked	紧凑 Compact	侧散 Side scattered	11, 少 11, few	早熟 Early maturity	吉林 Jilin
白燕5号 Bai5	裸 Naked	紧凑矮秆 Compact low bar	侧散 Side scattered	12, 少 12, few	早熟 Early maturity	吉林 Jilin
华北2号 Hua2	裸 Naked	紧凑 Compact	周散 Scattered around	20, 中 20, middle	中熟 Middle maturity	河北 Hebei
定莜8号 Ding8	裸 Naked	紧凑高秆 Compact high pole	周散 Scattered around	24, 中 24, middle	晚熟 Late maturity	甘肃定西 Dingxi, Gansu
蒙燕1号 Meng1	皮 Hulled	紧凑 Compact	周散 Scattered around	27, 中 27, middle	中熟 Middle maturity	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia

年份 Year	基因型 Genotype	生育时期Childbearing period (month/day)					全生育期 Whole growth stage (d)	基本苗数 Basic seedling (×10⁴ hm^-2)
年份 Year	基因型 Genotype	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期Heading stage	灌浆期 Grouting stage	成熟期 Maturity	全生育期 Whole growth stage (d)	基本苗数 Basic seedling (×10⁴ hm^-2)
2020	Ba1	5/27	6/4	6/27	7/12	7/30	92	400.20 ab
	Ba9	5/27	6/4	6/27	7/12	7/31	93	430.22 a
	Ba18	5/29	6/7	6/30	7/16	8/10	103	370.19 bcd
	Cao1	5/27	6/5	6/27	7/12	8/3	96	330.17 e
	Bai2	5/27	6/3	6/24	7/10	7/26	88	320.16 f
	Bai5	5/27	6/4	6/24	7/11	7/28	90	350.18 cde
	Hua2	5/27	6/4	6/26	7/12	7/31	93	420.21 a
	Ding8	5/27	6/4	6/26	7/11	7/30	92	340.17 de
	Meng1	5/27	6/4	6/27	7/13	7/31	93	380.19 bc
2021	Ba1	5/17	6/3	6/17	6/25	7/13	95	405.54 ab
	Ba9	5/16	6/3	6/17	6/26	7/14	96	349.51 cd
	Ba18	5/19	6/6	6/20	6/30	7/20	102	412.21 ab
	Cao1	5/16	6/3	6/17	6/25	7/13	95	384.19 bc
	Bai2	5/16	6/3	6/11	6/19	7/4	86	393.53 b
	Bai5	5/16	5/26	6/11	6/20	7/5	87	344.17 d
	Hua2	5/16	6/3	6/16	6/24	7/13	95	436.22 a
	Ding8	5/16	5/26	6/19	6/24	7/13	95	318.83 d
	Meng1	5/16	5/26	6/19	6/26	7/13	95	409.54 ab

年份 Year	基因型Genotype	单位面积穗数 Number of ears per unit area	结实小穗数 Number of fruiting spikelets	花梢小穗数 Number of fancy spikelets	穗粒数 Number of grains per spike	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
2020	Ba1	408.33 a	41.40 a	0.67 e	107.15 a	3483.41 a
	Ba9	383.00 c	34.31 b	2.13 d	72.58 d	3075.64 c
	Ba18	396.00 b	40.53 a	3.99 c	91.13 b	3365.22 b
	Cao1	258.33 g	34.53 b	4.13 c	82.09 c	2623.98 d
	Bai2	214.33 i	29.93 c	4.02 c	69.27 f	2030.68 g
	Bai5	313.00 f	30.18 c	2.02 d	70.78 e	2457.26 e
	Hua2	240.00 h	24.94 d	5.26 b	61.40 g	2037.75 g
	Ding8	334.00 e	18.20 e	8.38 a	48.87 i	2007.80 h
	Meng1	371.00 d	23.93 d	5.13 b	55.08 h	2185.09 f
2021	Ba1	483.13 a	36.43 a	1.55 f	102.22 a	3581.79 a
	Ba9	464.23 b	33.08 b	3.22 d	95.42 b	3247.87 b
	Ba18	418.37 d	29.24 c	4.22 b	81.44 c	2963.98 c
	Cao1	395.00 f	32.52 b	3.77 c	82.37 c	2813.91 d
	Bai2	357.77 i	23.85 f	4.94 a	60.37 g	2320.78 h
	Bai5	380.00 g	25.23 de	2.40 e	76.78 d	2767.88 e
	Hua2	369.67 h	24.25 ef	4.04 bc	63.05 f	2436.22 g
	Ding8	409.97 e	21.92 g	5.23 a	52.63 h	2063.16 i
	Meng1	452.57 c	26.23 d	4.88 a	66.63 e	2625.24 f
年份Year (Y)		***	***	*	***	***
品种Variety (V)		***	***	***	***	***
Y×V		***	***	***	***	***

年份 Year	基因型Genotype	花前干物质Dry matter before anthesis		花后干物质Dry matter after anthesis
年份 Year	基因型Genotype	转运量 Translocation amount (kg hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	积累量 Accumulation amount (kg hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
2020	Ba1	559.75 e	16.07	2923.66 a	83.93
	Ba9	768.38 c	24.98	2307.25 c	75.02
	Ba18	608.09 e	18.07	2757.12 b	81.93
	Cao1	688.62 d	26.24	1935.36 d	73.76
	Bai2	896.98 b	44.17	1133.70 fg	55.83
	Bai5	745.23 cd	30.33	1712.04 e	69.67
	Hua2	1005.84 a	49.36	1031.92 g	50.64
	Ding8	1028.78 a	51.24	979.02 g	48.76
	Meng1	974.35 a	44.59	1210.74 f	55.41
2021	Ba1	513.32 e	14.33	3068.47 a	85.67
	Ba9	584.29 d	17.99	2663.58 b	82.01
	Ba18	522.18 de	17.62	2441.80 c	82.38
	Cao1	517.06 e	18.38	2296.85 cd	81.62
	Bai2	710.76 c	30.63	1610.03 ef	69.37
	Bai5	647.79 c	23.40	2120.09 d	76.60
	Hua2	910.32 b	37.37	1525.90 f	62.63
	Ding8	1110.42 a	53.82	952.73 g	46.18
	Meng1	862.56 b	32.86	1762.67 e	67.14

年份 Year	基因型Genotype	抽穗期蔗糖含量 Sucrose content at heading stage (mg g^-1)			成熟期蔗糖含量 Sucrose content at maturity (mg g^-1)			穗部蔗糖同化效率 Spike sucrose assimilation efficiency (%)
年份 Year	基因型Genotype	茎Stem	叶Leaf	穗Spike	茎Stem	叶Leaf	穗Spike	穗部蔗糖同化效率 Spike sucrose assimilation efficiency (%)
2020	Ba1	128.30 a	129.84 a	110.79 a	41.98 g	30.57 f	13.51 g	87.81
	Ba9	123.43 b	110.13 c	105.89 b	47.63 ef	37.36 e	16.81 ef	84.13
	Ba18	126.25 a	113.43 b	111.74 a	46.13 f	33.21 f	15.96 f	85.72
	Cao1	109.19 c	103.25 d	98.82 c	48.77 e	37.08 e	17.19 e	82.61
	Bai2	80.72 e	97.41 f	84.59 f	59.89 b	49.61 b	23.60 b	72.09
	Bai5	98.07 d	101.08 de	94.96 d	52.06 d	42.17 d	19.54 d	79.42
	Hua2	82.04 e	96.94 f	87.23 e	58.95 b	47.63 bc	20.48 c	76.52
	Ding8	79.87 e	93.26 g	82.80 g	65.54 a	53.10 a	25.20 a	69.57
	Meng1	96.28 d	99.01 ef	94.20 d	54.52 c	44.81 cd	20.58 c	78.15
2021	Ba1	126.00 a	122.56 a	106.81 a	49.05 g	37.64 f	20.58 g	80.73
	Ba9	120.81 b	103.64 bc	96.47 b	54.70 ef	44.43 e	23.88 ef	75.25
	Ba18	110.89 c	106.57 b	104.88 a	53.20 f	40.28 f	23.03 f	78.04
	Cao1	122.38 ab	101.54 c	94.98 bc	55.84 e	44.15 e	24.26 e	74.46
	Bai2	76.43 f	94.73 d	82.63 e	66.96 b	56.68 b	30.67 b	62.88
	Bai5	81.31 e	94.53 d	88.36 d	61.59 c	49.24 d	27.65 c	68.71
	Hua2	78.66 ef	94.42 d	83.37 e	66.02 b	54.70 bc	27.55 c	66.95
	Ding8	75.03 f	95.94 d	82.65 e	72.62 a	60.17 a	32.27 a	60.96
	Meng1	99.40 d	94.36 d	93.37 c	59.14 d	51.88 cd	26.61 d	71.50

不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系

Relationship between yield differences of different genotypes of oats and leaf physiological characteristics

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年份 Year	基因型 Genotype	净光合速率 P_n (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r(mmol m^-2 s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s(mmol m^-2 s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i(μmol mol^-1)
2020	Ba1	30.85 a	10.38 a	277.05 a	364.00 a
	Ba9	24.64 c	8.50 cd	189.02 d	346.47 c
	Ba18	24.67 c	9.25 b	217.34 b	349.05 b
	Cao1	28.12 b	9.16 bc	191.02 c	343.15 d
	Bai2	21.41 d	6.60 f	168.23 f	335.22 f
	Bai5	24.26 c	7.90 de	179.28 e	339.18 e
	Hua2	18.29 e	7.67 e	148.89 g	319.47 g
	Ding8	10.42 f	4.47 h	106.18 i	232.37 i
	Meng1	20.50 d	5.31 g	146.48 h	280.45 h
2021	Ba1	26.90 a	13.63 a	289.32 a	497.59 a
	Ba9	26.19 ab	13.60 a	288.77 ab	492.58 b
	Ba18	25.67 b	13.30 a	287.24 cd	481.14 c
	Cao1	23.28 c	13.20 ab	287.76 bc	455.21 d
	Bai2	21.50 d	10.76 de	286.06 d	393.41 h
	Bai5	22.02 d	12.03 bc	286.54 cd	412.44 f
	Hua2	21.69 d	11.42 cd	286.43 cd	407.26 g
	Ding8	20.45 e	9.64 e	281.58 e	350.27 i
	Meng1	23.22 c	11.68 cd	286.89 cd	414.09 e
年份Year (Y)		ns	***	***	***
基因型Genotype (G)		***	***	***	***
Y×G		***	**	***	***

变量 Variable	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2
GY	0.38	-0.13
NS	0.39	-0.07
NG	0.37	-0.18
GA	0.39	-0.06
IAA	0.28	0.66
ABA	-0.28	0.64
ZR	0.36	0.20
P_n	0.36	0.24
特征值Eigenvalue	6.34	0.80
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	79.20	9.95
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)	79.20	89.15

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