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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1774-1781.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01774

• SPECIAL SECTION: GRAIN DEHYDRATION AND MECHANICAL GRAIN HARVEST OF MAIZE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Lodging on Maize Grain Losing and Harvest Efficiency in Mechanical Grain Harvest

Jun XUE,Lu-Lu LI,Rui-Zhi XIE,Ke-Ru WANG,Peng HOU,Bo MING,Wan-Xu ZHANG,Guo-Qiang ZHANG,Shang GAO,Shi-Jie BAI,Zhen-Dong CHU,Shao-Kun LI   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-04-03 Accepted:2018-07-20 Online:2018-12-12 Published:2018-08-03
  • Contact: Ke-Ru WANG,Shao-Kun LI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300110);This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300101);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371575);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science.

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Abstract:

Clarifying the effect of lodging on maize grain loss and harvest efficiency is important to propose adaptable measures developing maize grain harvesting technology in China. A number of sample data of field natural lodging rate, ear loss rate and kernel loss rate were obtained from experiments and demonstrations of maize grain harvesting. The lodging was also implemented by pushing down the maize plants artificially to analyze the quantitative relationship of lodging rate with grain loss and harvest efficiency in mechanical grain harvest. All of lodging rate, ear loss rate and kernel loss rate were higher in the Yellow-Huaihe- Haihe Rivers Plain summer maize region than in North and Northwest spring maize regions. Under natural lodging conditions, the ear loss was a major part of grain yield loss, which increased by 0.15% when lodging rate increased each 1%. As lodging rate increased each 1%, ear loss increased by 0.12% in spring maize region and by 0.15% in summer maize region. There were an exponentially increasing relationship for using whole feed type combine harvester and a linear increasing relationship for using half feed type combine harvester between lodging rate and ear loss rate, behaving a greater influence of lodging in Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain summer region. Under lodging control conditions, the ear loss increased by 0.59% with each 1% increase in lodging rate, and the kernel loss was significantly and negatively correlated with lodging rate. This can be explained that more lodging plants have less ears entering the combine harvester and decreasing kernel loss rate. The harvest speed decreased exponentially with increasing lodging rate. Lowering the harvester header decreased ear loss rate but reduced the harvest speed. Common methods to prevent lodging and reduce grain loss should be breeding maize cultivars with lodging resistance, constructing high-quality maize populations and harvesting at optimal time.

Key words: maize, lodging, mechanical grain harvest, ear and kernel loss, harvest speed

Table 1

Statistical description of observed values on lodging and grain loss in mechanical grain harvest"

玉米季
Maize season		 调查指标
Indicator		 样本量
Sample quantity		 平均数
Average
(%)		 最大值
Maximum
(%)		 最小值
Minimum
(%)		 变异
系数
CV (%)		 ≥ GB/T-21962-2008样本量
≥ GB/T-21962-2008 sample quantity
春玉米 倒伏率 Lodging rate 240 9.9 89.0 0.0 146.1 109
Spring maize 落粒损失率 Kernel loss 240 0.5 5.5 0.0 142.0 1
落穗损失率 Ear loss 240 2.9 31.3 0.0 157.3 49
总损失率 Total grain loss 240 3.4 33.4 0.0 139.4 54
夏玉米 倒伏率 Lodging rate 124 13.2 89.7 0.0 156.7 59
Summer 落粒损失 Kernel loss 124 1.1 3.6 0.1 61.2 0
maize 落穗损失 Ear loss 124 5.0 26.1 0.0 120.7 43
总损失 Total grain loss 124 6.1 27.8 0.2 100.2 49

Fig. 1

Relationship of lodging rate with ear loss and kernel loss under natural condition (2013-2017) Fig. A is total grain loss rate, Fig. B is ear loss rate, and Fig. C is kernel loss rate. ** indicates significance at the 0.01 probability level, NS indicates no significant correlation."

Fig. 2

Relationship between lodging rate and ear loss rate in different maize regions (2013-2017) Fig. A is the North and Northwest spring maize regions (n=240), Fig. B is the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain summer maize region (n=124). ** indicates significance at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 3

Relationship between lodging rate and ear loss rate by using whole feed type combine harvester in Yushu, Jilin (A) and a half feed type combine harvester in Chiping, Shandong (B) ** indicates significance at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 4

Relationship of lodging rate with ear loss rate (A) and kernel loss rate (B) in implemented treatments of mechanical grain harvest (Xinxiang, Henan, 2017) **, * indicate significance at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 5

Relationship between maize lodging rate and harvest speed in mechanical grain harvest(Xinxiang, Henan, 2017) ** indicates significance at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 6

Effect of lodging rate and harvest speed on ear loss in mechanical grain harvest (Gongzhuling, Jilin, 2017)"

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