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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 795-807.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23026

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis on high yield planting density of spring maize in Northeast China from root and shoot coordinated development

LIU Yue(), MING Bo, LI Yao-Yao, WANG Ke-Ru, HOU Peng, XUE Jun, LI Shao-Kun(), XIE Rui-Zhi()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-03-11 Accepted:2022-07-21 Online:2023-03-12 Published:2022-08-18
  • Contact: LI Shao-Kun,XIE Rui-Zhi E-mail:liuyue65147@163.com;xieruizhi@caas.cn;lishaokun@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300302);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-25);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

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Abstract:

The coordination of shoot and root is essential for the growth and development in maize. Analyzing the effect of the planting density on the shoot and root coordinated development can provide a new perspective for the theory and technology of increasing planting density and yield improvement. The experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the experimental station of Institute of Crop Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin province. Two densification resistant varieties (Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335) and two planting densities (D1: 67,500 plants hm-2; D2: 97,500 plants hm-2) which were in the production stability interval were set up in this study, and the difference of some indexes of root and shoot was analyzed at different growth stages. The results showed that, compared with D2, the dry matter and root dry weight per plant of maize decreased significantly, while some population indexes were different. Among them, the yield of two varieties were not significantly increased. When the root indexes reached the maximum value on the 15th day after silking (R2 stage), the root dry weight per area, root length density did not increase significantly. The dynamic of shoot root ratio (S/R) during growth period could be expressed by exponential equation (y=aebx), and the increasing planting density significantly increased the S/R, grain root ratio, and leaf area root ratio. The increase of the three ratio at high density provided a signal of intensified root survival pressure. The results showed that the response of maize root to planting density was different from that of shoot. Under the premise of the same yield level, choosing the planting density with less root pressure may be more conducive to the construction of shoot and root coordination and constructing reasonable maize population.

Key words: maize, reasonable dense planting, yield, root dry weight, shoot root coordination

Fig. 1

Monthly accumulated temperature and precipitation during growth period in 2020 and 2021"

Table 1

Yield per plant and per area among different treatments"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植密度
Planting density (plants hm-2)		 单株籽粒产量
Grain yield per plant (g plant-1)		 群体产量
Grain yield per area (t hm-2)
2020 郑单958 67,500 185.42±0.79 aB 12.52±0.05 aB
Zhengdan 958 97,500 128.84±5.39 bA 12.56±0.53 aA
先玉335 67,500 201.26±2.11 aA 13.59±0.14 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 135.96±3.22 bA 13.26±0.31 aA
2021 郑单958 67,500 198.90±4.95 aB 13.43±0.33 aB
Zhengdan 958 97,500 143.67±3.69 bB 14.01±0.40 aB
先玉335 67,500 217.36±3.76 aA 14.67±0.25 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 152.86±0.77 bA 14.90±0.08 aA

Fig. 2

Dynamics of dry matter per plant and per area at different growth stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. D1: 67,500 plants hm-2; D2: 97,500 plants hm-2; ZD: Zhengdan 958; XY: Xianyu 335; V6: the sixth leaf collar stage; V12: the twelfth leaf collar; R1: silking stage; R2: 15 days after silking; R3: 30 days after silking; R4: 45 days after silking; R5: 60 days after silking; R6: harvest stage."

Fig. 3

Dynamics of leaf area per plant and LAI at different growth stages in maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. Treatments and stages are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 4

Dynamics of root dry weight per plant and per area at different growth stages in maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. Treatments and stages are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 5

Dynamics of root length per plant and root length density at different growth stages in maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. Treatments and stages are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 6

Dynamics of root surface area per plant and root surface area density at different growth stages in maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. Treatments and stages are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 7

Dynamics of root volume per plant and root volume density at different growth stages in maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. Treatments and stages are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 2

Correlation between root growth indexes"

指标
Index		 根长
Root length		 根表面积
Root surface area		 根体积
Root volume		 根干重
Root dry weight
根长Root length 1 0.975** 0.933** 0.927**
根表面积Root surface area 1 0.956** 0.925**
根体积Root volume 1 0.948**
根干重Root dry weight 1

Fig. 8

Dynamics of shoot root ratio and fitting equation at different growth stage in maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between different planting densities under the same variety. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 3

Kernel root ratio and leaf area root ratio of maize at R2 stage with maximum root dry weight"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植密度
Planting density (plants hm-2)		 粒/根
Grain/root (g g-1)		 叶/根
Leaf area/root (m2 g-1)
2020 郑单958 67,500 12.18±2.01 bA 0.06±0.01 aA
Zhengdan 958 97,500 15.56±2.51 aA 0.08±0.01 bA
先玉335 67,500 12.26±1.40 bA 0.05±0.01 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 14.28±1.05 aA 0.08±0.01 bA
2021 郑单958 67,500 18.81±1.38 bA 0.09±0.01 aA
Zhengdan 958 97,500 22.75±4.88 aA 0.11±0.02 bA
先玉335 67,500 22.13±2.21 bA 0.09±0.01 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 23.57±4.73 aA 0.11±0.02 bA
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