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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 833-844.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24027

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of row spacing on root nodule growth and nitrogen fixation potential of different nodulation characteristics soybeans in intercropping

LIU Shan-Shan(), PANG Ting, YUAN Xiao-Ting, LUO Kai, CHEN Ping, FU Zhi-Dan, WANG Xiao-Chun, YANG Feng, YONG Tai-Wen(), YANG Wen-Yu   

  1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-01-22 Accepted:2022-09-05 Online:2023-03-12 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: YONG Tai-Wen E-mail:1525740873@qq.com;yongtaiwen@sicau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF of MARA(Soybean, CARS-04-PS20);General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671625)

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Abstract:

Abstract: To exploit the difference of root nodule growth and nitrogen fixation potential of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system, a two-year filed experiment with different nodulation characteristics soybean varieties (Gongxuan 1, Guixia 3, and Nandou 25) under different maize-soybean spacing (30, 45, 60, and 75 cm) was conducted. The results showed that the peaks of soybean nodule number and fresh weight were delayed under the intercropping system compared with soybean monoculture. The root nodule number and fresh weight of each variety under 60 cm were significantly higher than those of other spacing treatments, and were higher than those of monoculture soybean after reaching the peak stage. The differences among varieties were as follows: Nandou 25 > Guixia 3 > Gongxuan 1. Compared with soybean monoculture, nitrogen fixation potential of soybean nodules per plant before the beginning seed stage (R5) under intercropping mode was reduced. However, nitrogen fixation potential per plant of Gongxuan 1, Guixia 3, and Nandou 25 increased by 8.53%, 16.40%, and 13.70% on average in two years under 60 cm at R5 stage. The accumulation process of inclusions in infected cells of different soybean varieties was quite different. Compared with soybean monoculture, the number of bacteroids increased under 60 cm at R5, among which poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) increased, and Nandou 25 was the best. Therefore, to improve the number of soybean nodule bacteroids, PHB and nitrogen fixation potential the appropriate inter-plant row spacing (60 cm) under intercropping can increase soybean nodule number and fresh weight at R5 stage, and Nandou 25 with strong nodulation had the best effect.

Key words: maize/soybean relay strip intercropping, row spacing, nodular varieties, root nodule growth, ultrastructure, nitrogen fixation potential

Fig. 1

Daily rainfall and average daily air temperature map of the test site from April to October in 2016-2017"

Table 1

Main characteristics of three soybean varieties"

主要特征
Main characteristics		 贡选1号
Gongxuan 1		 桂夏3号
Guixia 3		 南豆25号
Nandou 25
生育期 Maturity (d) 120 108 134
叶形 Leaf shape 卵圆 Oval 椭圆 Elliptical 卵圆 Oval
株高 Plant height (cm) 96.00 59.90 67.50
结荚习性 Growth habit 有限 Determinate 有限 Determinate 有限 Determinate
蛋白质 Protein (%) 47.00 43.62 49.10
脂肪 Fat (%) 17.20 20.11 17.50

Fig. 2

Planting map of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm."

Table 2

Analysis of the main effects of the nodulation capacity of different soybean varieties under different row spacing"

处理
Treatment		 单株根瘤数 Root nodule number per plant 单株根瘤鲜重 Root nodule fresh weight per plant (g)
V5 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 V5 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
年份 Years (Y) 1350.82** 1126.19** 237.74** 15.49** 61.69** 10.66** 838.99** 721.82** 354.81** 133.85** 0.62 0.06
种间距
Row spacing (R)		 382.16** 473.47** 309.46** 155.95** 96.34** 40.80** 280.54** 143.60** 102.65** 105.95** 106.05** 39.28**
品种 Varieties (V) 49.39** 49.50** 20.76** 25.87** 25.07** 57.80** 43.01** 13.27** 4.84* 33.62** 24.91** 19.31**
年份×种间距 Y×R 332.84** 183.15** 59.25** 29.07** 17.09** 24.23** 285.32** 60.24** 45.57** 65.83** 9.69** 1.86
年份×品种 Y×V 9.11** 26.14** 20.15** 8.30** 4.73* 8.48** 21.25** 14.27** 29.57** 1.48 1.19 2.18
种间距×品种 R×V 0.88 9.07** 5.23** 1.81 3.14* 1.61 10.08** 2.60* 4.40** 1.60 5.08** 0.88
年际×种间距×品种 Y×R×V 1.43 3.10* 1.09 1.81 3.06* 3.31** 5.16** 0.29 3.04* 2.88* 3.82** 1.04

Fig. 3

Dynamics of root nodule number of different soybean varieties under different row spacing V5: 5-trifoliate stage; R1: beginning flower stage; R2: full flower stage; R3: beginning pod stage; R4: full pod stage; R5: beginning seed stage; R6: bulge stage. SS: soybean monoculture; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

Fig. 4

Dynamics of nodule fresh weight of different soybean varieties under different row spacing V5: 5-trifoliate stage; R1: beginning flower stage; R2: full flower stage; R3: beginning pod stage; R4: full pod stage; R5: beginning seed stage; R6: bulge stage. SS: soybean monoculture; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm ; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

Fig. 5

Accumulation of inclusions in infected cells of Gongxuan 1 under different row spacing ( 30,000 times magnification) R: rhizobia; PHB: poly-β-hydroxybutyrate; PP: polyphosphate particle; VE: vesicle; B: bacterioid. V5: 5-trifoliate stage; R2: full flower stage; R5: beginning seed stage. SS: monoculture soybean; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

Fig. 6

Accumulation of inclusions in infected cells of Guixia 3 under different row spacing (30,000 times magnification) R: rhizobia; PHB: poly-β-hydroxybutyrate; PP: polyphosphate particle; VE: vesicle; B: bacterioid. V5: 5-trifoliate stage; R2: full flower stage; R5: beginning seed stage. SS: monoculture soybean; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

Fig. 7

Accumulation of inclusions in infected cells of Nandou 25 under different row spacing ( 30,000 times magnification) R: rhizobia; PHB: poly-β-hydroxybutyrate; PP: polyphosphate particle; VE: vesicle; B: bacterioid. V5: 5-trifoliate stage; R2: full flower stage; R5: beginning seed stage. SS: monoculture soybean; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

Table 3

Main effects analysis of nitrogen fixation capacity of different soybean varieties under different row spacing"

处理
Treatment		 固氮酶活性
Nitrogenase activity of per unit mass (mL g-1 h-1)		 单株固氮潜力
Nitrogenase activity of per plant (mL h-1 plant-1)
V5 R1 R3 R4 R5 V5 R1 R3 R4 R5
年份 Years (Y) 3.92 1207.12** 4.39* 280.81** 145.77** 266.26** 95.61** 72.09** 187.77** 117.82**
种间距 Row spacing (R) 25.01** 155.05** 63.62** 43.00** 40.07** 44.54** 122.48** 107.08** 231.80** 21.65**
品种 Varieties (V) 9.19** 81.56** 33.34** 30.76** 46.49** 8.31** 8.14** 11.65** 62.59** 14.70**
年份×种间距 Y×R 0.61 6.98** 4.44** 0.58 3.81* 10.17** 14.57** 1.47 0.70 1.29
年份×品种 Y×V 4.06* 24.10** 9.66** 13.67** 1.27 0.91 1.27 6.43** 6.85** 6.69**
种间距×品种 R×V 3.07* 5.20** 2.46* 3.16* 3.17* 0.63 2.91* 4.64** 15.68** 3.14*
年际×种间距×品种 Y×R×V 1.56 1.70 1.32 2.08 0.84 1.27 3.41** 4.38** 5.75** 3.10*

Fig. 8

Dynamics of nitrogenase activity of different soybean varieties under different row spacing V5: 5-trifoliate period stage; R1: beginning flower stage; R3: beginning pod stage; R4: full pod stage; R5: beginning seed stage; R6: bulge stage. SS: soybean monoculture; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

Fig. 9

Dynamics of nitrogenase activity per plant of different soybean varieties under different row spacing V5: 5-trifoliate period stage; R1: beginning flower stage; R3: beginning pod stage; R4: full pod stage; R5: beginning seed stage; R6: bulge stage. SS: soybean monoculture; RI30: space between maize and soybean is 30 cm; RI45: space between maize and soybean is 45 cm; RI60: space between maize and soybean is 60 cm; RI75: space between maize and soybean is 75 cm. GX1: Gongxuan 1; GX3: Guixia 3; ND25: Nandou 25."

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