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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1079-1089.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21022

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of wheat-pea intercropping on population photosynthetic characteristics and crops productivity

WU Xiang-Qi1(), LIU Bo1, ZHANG Wei1, YANG Xue-Ni1, GUO Zi-Yan1, LIU Tie-Ning1, ZHANG Xu-Dong1,*(), HAN Qing-Fang1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Tillage in Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Ministry of Education/China Research Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-03-20 Accepted:2022-09-05 Online:2023-04-12 Published:2022-10-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: xudongzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn;E-mail: hanqf88@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan(2013AA102902);National Key Research and Development Project during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021YFD1901102)

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of wheat and pea intercropping on population photosynthetic characteristics and productivity, a field experiment with two treatments [two strip cropping treatments of four rows of wheat + two rows of peas (W4P2), two rows of wheat + two rows of peas (W2P2), and single-crop wheat (CKW) and single-crop pea (CKP) as the controls] was conducted in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021. The leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), dry matter accumulation and population productivity of wheat and pea were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the monoculture, the W2P2 and W4P2 intercropping treatments significantly increased the SPAD and Pn of wheat leaves, but decreased the SPAD and Pn of pea leaves to different degrees. Intercropping wheat with peas significantly increased the preflowering population photosynthetic rate. The CAP of W4P2 increased by 6.2%-8.0% compared to its control population photosynthetic CAPCK42 (2/3CAPCKW+1/3CAPCKP), while the CAP of W2P2 increased 6.2%-8.5% compared to its control population photosynthetic CAPCK22 (1/2CAPCKW+1/2CAPCKP). Compared with CKW, the W4P2 and W2P2 intercropping treatments significantly enhanced the dry matter accumulation capacity per unit area of wheat, significantly increased the number of effective spikes and spikes at maturity stage, and increased the seed yield by 7.8%-9.4% and 18.9%-19.0%, respectively. Compared with CKP, the two intercropping treatments had a weakening trend in the dry matter accumulation and yield composition indexes of peas, and reduced the seed yield by 9.9%-12.2% and 6.8%-9.0%, respectively. The competitiveness evaluation revealed that the land equivalent ratios of W4P2 and W2P2 intercropping treatments were higher than 1 (W4P2: 1.02; W2P2: 1.06), indicating that wheat and pea intercropping increased the crop population yield advantage and the encroachment of the dominant crop wheat compared to pea was higher in the W2P2 intercropping model (0.27) than in W4P2 (0.20). In conclusion, in the wheat and pea intercropping system, compared to the broad-banded type (W4P2), the narrow-banded type (W2P2) was able to increase the population photosynthetic rate by increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the dominant crop wheat, thus promoting the use of light resources by the population and further exploiting the composite population production advantage.

Key words: intercropping, canopy apparent photosynthesis, individual leaf photosynthesis, dry matter, yield

Fig. 1

Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of wheat and pea leaves in different treatments Different lowercase letters in the graph indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between the treatments. W4P2: 4 rows of wheat interplanted with 2 rows of peas; W2P2: 2 rows of wheat interplanted with 2 rows of peas; CKW: monoculture wheat; CKP: monoculture pea."

Fig. 2

Pn and Gs of wheat leaf with different treatments Different lowercase letters in the graph indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between the treatments. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 3

Pn and Gs of pea leaves with different treatments Different lowercase letters in the graph indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between the treatments. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Canopy photosynthetic rate of different treatments Different lowercase letters in the graph indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between the treatments. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation of wheat and pea Different lowercase letters in the graph indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level between the treatments. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on wheat and pea yield and its components"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 小麦Wheat 豌豆Pea 籽粒总产量
Total grain yield
(kg hm-2)
穗数
No. of
productive ear (0.2 m2)		 穗粒数
No. of spike		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 单株荚数
Pods per plant		 荚粒数
Seeds per pod		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
2019-
2020		 W4P2 108.7 b 34.0 a 38.0 a 4247 4.7 b 4.2 a 15.9 a 742 4989
W2P2 114.5 a 35.2 a 39.2 a 3461 5.3 b 3.8 a 16.7 a 1153 4614
CKW 107.0 b 33.8 a 39.1 a 5822 — — — — 5822
CKP — — — — 6.6 a 3.8 a 16.4 a 2534 2534
2020-
2021		 W4P2 110.8 b 37.0 b 38.6 a 4278 7.6 b 3.2 a 17.7 ab 774 5052
W2P2 117.2 a 40.3 a 39.8 a 3541 7.9 b 3.4 a 18.5 a 1201 4742
CKW 108.5 b 35.5 b 39.3 a 5954 — — — — 5954
CKP — — — — 11.3 a 4.4 a 16.8 b 2577 2577

Table 2

Correlation coefficient between photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages"

光合指标
Photosynthetic
index		 小麦干物质累积量Dry matter accumulation of wheat 豌豆干物质累积量Dry matter accumulation of peas
拔节期
Jointing stage		 扬花期
Flowering stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 分枝期
Branching stage		 开花期
Flowering stage		 结荚期
Podding stage
SPAD 0.641** 0.552* 0.560* 0.636** 0.684** 0.844**
Pn 0.308 0.583* 0.420 0.569* 0.797** 0.766**

Table 3

Correlation analysis of canopy apparent photosynthesis with population dry matter accumulation and population yield at different growth stages"

变量
Variable		 群体光合速率Population photosynthetic rate
拔节期/分枝期
Jointing stage/Branching stage		 扬花期/开花期
Flowering stage/Flowering stage		 灌浆期/结荚期
Filling stage/Podding stage
群体干物质积累量
Population dry matter accumulation		 0.275 0.898** 0.475*
群体产量
Population yield		 0.210 0.877** 0.275

Table 4

Evaluation of competitiveness of different intercropping treatments"

处理
Treatment		 土地当量比 LER 侵占力 Awp
2019-2020 2020-2021 2019-2020 2020-2021
W4P2 1.02 1.02 0.22 0.18
W2P2 1.05 1.06 0.28 0.26
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