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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1111-1121.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22001

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Effects of diverse mixture intercropping on the structure and function of bacterial communities in rice rhizosphere

TANG Wen-Qiang1,**(), ZHANG Wen-Long1,**, ZHU Xiao-Qiao1, DONG Bi-Zheng1, LI Yong-Cheng2, YANG Nan1, ZHANG Yao2, WANG Yun-Yue1,*(), HAN Guang-Yu1,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Management, Yunnan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory for Bio-resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
    2Honghe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661100, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2022-01-02 Accepted:2022-09-05 Online:2023-04-12 Published:2022-09-22
  • Contact: *E-mail: hanguangyu9745@163.com;E-mail: 1371209436@qq.com
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AT070265);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800451);“High-level Talent Training Support Program” Specialized Project for Young Top Talents in Yunnan(YNWRQNBJ2020296)

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of mixture intercropping on the control of rice blast and the structure and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of bacteria in rhizosphere soil of the selected high control efficiency (E=54.48%) (Shanyou 63/Huangkenuo) and low control efficiency (E=14.12%) combinations (Hexi 39/Huangkenuo) under the intercropping and monoculture treatments were performed with Illumina Hiseq sequencing technology. The results showed that soil bacteria, from 37 phyla, 116 classes, 244 orders, 384 families, 689 genera, were obtained in the intercropping system. Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota were the dominant bacterial groups. The relative abundance was higher than 15%. Alpha diversity analysis discovered that high-efficacy combination significantly increased the Shannon index and Chao1 index of rice rhizosphere bacterial community in intercropping conditions (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference at P>0.05 in low-efficiency combination. ANOSIM and PCoA analyses revealed that there was significant difference in the structure of the species in the rhizosphere bacterial community in monoculture (r = 0.48, P<0.01), but no significant difference in the rhizosphere bacterial community structure between the high- and low-efficiency combinations following intercropping (P>0.05), which indicating that intercropping increased the similarity of bacterial community structure between both combinations. Comparison to monoculture, the dominant bacterial group composition proved that the relative abundance of Shanyou63 Acidobacteriota decreased significantly, while the relative abundance of Shanyou 63 Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes increased significantly, but there was no significant difference among the dominant bacteria in Huangkenuo. Hexi 39 rhizosphere Patescilbacteria exhibited the significant decrease in low-efficiency combinations, whereas Gemmatimonadota showed the significant increase. PICRUSt2 function prediction discovered that the relative abundance of biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites in the main cultivars decreased significantly in the intercropping system, while the relative abundance of transcription, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins in intercropping cultivars increased significantly. In conclusion, to increase plant disease resistance and to provide data support for the theory of diverse intercropping for disease control, the high-efficacy combination had the ability to improve the diversity of rice rhizosphere bacteria and the structure and function of bacterial community by mixture intercropping, which effectively reduced the occurrence of rice blast and provided an application pathway for the improvement of soil microorganisms.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa), mixture intercropping, high-throughput sequencing, bacterial community, bacterial diversity, functional prediction

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of planting patterns and sampling points in rice a: diagram of mixture intercropping of rice; b: diagram of monoculture of rice; c: diagram of the paddy experiment plot. Hollow circles are main cultivars, solid circles are intercropping cultivars; boxes are rhizosphere soil sampling points. SY63: Shanyou 63; HX39: Hexi 39; HKN: Huangkenuo."

Fig. 2

Rice blast disease index of different intercropping combinations a: leaf blast disease index; b: panicle blast disease index. Mono: monoculture; Mix1: HKN||SY63; Mix2: HKN||HX39. “_” followed by the variety name. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. *: P < 0.05; ns: no significance."

Table 1

Optimized sequence and Alpha diversity index of samples"

样品
Sample name		 优化序列数
Number of optimized sequences		 香农指数
Shannon index		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 覆盖率
Coverage (%)
Mono_SY63 50,410.75±2228.10 6.85±0.05 b 5209.20±57.35 b 0.98±0.00
Mix1_SY63 49,091.00±2289.82 6.79±0.04 ab 5180.00±172.30 ab 0.97±0.00
Mono_HKN 44,599.00±1617.19 6.75±0.11 a 4879.60±242.87 a 0.97±0.00
Mix1_HKN 55,623.25±3698.34 6.90±0.05 b 5465.00±216.12 b 0.98±0.00
Mono_HX39 49,397.00±1588.52 6.85±0.07 ab 5140.80±194.01 ab 0.97±0.00
Mix2_HX39 50,410.75±2228.10 6.94±0.08 ab 5455.20±235.42 ab 0.97±0.00
Mix2_HKN 47,421.25±1516.07 6.75±0.18 ab 5004.60±274.35 ab 0.97±0.00

Fig. 3

PCoA and ANOSIM analysis of rhizosphere bacterial community structure a: the monoculture treatments for three varieties in rice; b: the monoculture treatments of SY63 and HKN; c: the intercropping treatment of SY63 and HKN; d: the monoculture treatments of HX39 and HKN; e: the intercropping treatment of HX39 and HKN. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Dominant bacterial phyla and their differences a: the monoculture treatments for three varieties in rice; b: SY63 intercropping treatment; c: HKN intercropped with SY63; d: HX39 intercropping treatment; e: HKN intercropped with HX39; Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. *: P < 0.05."

Fig. 5

Dominant bacterial orders and their differences a: the monoculture treatments for three varieties in rice; b: SY63 intercropping treatment; c: HKN intercropped with SY63; d: HX39 intercropping treatment; e: HKN intercropped with HX39; Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. *: P < 0.05."

Fig. 6

Difference of KEEG predicted functional genes of the rhizosphere bacterial community in different treatments a: SY63; b: HKN intercropped with SY63; c: HX39; d: HKN intercropped with HX39. BOSM: biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites; EM: energy metabolism; MCV: metabolism of cofactors and vitamins; LM: lipid metabolism; XBM: xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism; FSD: folding, sorting, and degradation; MTP: metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides; T: transcription; CAM: carbohydrate metabolism; CEM: cell motility; NM: nucleotide metabolism; *: P < 0.05."

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