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Effect of key cultivated measures on rapeseed oil comprehensive quality

NING Ning1, YU Xin-Ying1, QIN Meng-Qian1, LOU Hong-Xiang1, WANG Zong-Kai1, WANG Chun-Yun1, JIA Cai-Hua2, XU Zheng-Hua1, WANG Jing1, KUAI Jie1, WANG Bo1, ZHAO Jie1,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Environmental Food Science, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-08-06 Revised:2024-01-30 Accepted:2024-01-30 Published:2024-02-20
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1600502).

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of key cultivation measures on rapeseed oil quality, a single factor field experiments of sowing date, planting density, and nitrogen rate were carried out in Wuhan and Lanzhou with “Xiangzayou 518 (XZY518)” and “Dadi 199 (DD199)” as the experimental materials. The rapeseed was harvested at maturity stage, followed by cold pressing and oil content, oil extraction efficiency, color of rapeseed oil, peroxide value, total polar phenols, and phytosterol content were assessed, and rapeseed oil quality was evaluated comprehensively under each treatment. The results showed that sowing date, density, and nitrogen rate all significantly affected the key quality indexes of rapeseed oil, and the pattern of change of each index was not the same between the two varieties from two sites. Two varieties from two sites had higher oleic acid content in rapeseed oil under early sowing conditions, and as the sowing date was delayed, rapeseed oil color deepened, chlorophyll content increased, and the comprehensive quality decreased. The XZY518 from two sites at D2 density (4.5×105 hm-2) had a lower acid value, higher total polar phenol, total phytosterol, and total tocopherol contents, and better comprehensive quality. The DD 199 from two sites with increasing density, the chlorophyll content of rapeseed oil increased, the color deepened, the linoleic acid content decreased, and the comprehensive quality also decreased. Two varieties from two sites had higher oil content and oil extraction efficiency under low nitrogen (120 kg hm-2). With the increase of nitrogen rate, rapeseed oil color deepened, comprehensive quality declined. Principal component analysis showed that the effect of sowing date on the comprehensive quality of rapeseed oil was greater than that of planting density and nitrogen rate treatments, and that acid value, chlorophyll, total polar phenols, antioxidant power and total phytosterols were key quality indicators affecting rapeseed oils. Correlation analysis showed that seed oil content was significantly positively correlated with oil extraction efficiency, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and rapeseed oil color were all significantly positively correlated, and total polar phenols were significantly positively correlated with antioxidant power. In summary, early sowing at an appropriate date, reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate, and lowering planting density in production can improve the quality of pressed rapeseed oil. The findings of this study offer technical assistance to produce high-quality rapeseed oil raw materials.

Key words: rapeseed, sowing date, density, nitrogenous fertilizer, rapeseed oil, quality 

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