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Analysis of genotype × environment interaction and stability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)

HU Liang-Liang1,**,ZHOU Hong-Mei2,**,WANG Xiao-Lei3,**,WANG Su-Hua1,LI Cai-Ju2,WEI Yun-Shan3,WANG Li-Xia1,CHENG Xu-Zhen1,*,CHEN Hong-Lin1,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoding 071051, Hebei, China; 3 Chifeng Institute of Agro-Pastoral Sciences, Chifeng 024031, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-07-18
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-08-04G) and the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (01-ICS-07).

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Abstract:

To evaluate the yield potential, adaptability, and stability of major cultivated adzuki bean varieties in China—and to provide guidance for regional application and breeding strategies—this study conducted multi-location trials involving 15 adzuki bean genotypes across eight representative ecological testing sites in major production areas during 2022 and 2023. A combination of joint variance analysis, correlation analysis, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to comprehensively assess yield and related agronomic traits. The results from the combined ANOVA showed that environmental factors were the primary drivers of variation in all traits except 100-seed weight, which was mainly influenced by genotype. The genotype × environment interaction had a highly significant effect on yield and the number of main stem branches. Correlation analysis indicated that yield was strongly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant, identifying it as a key determinant of yield. AMMI and GGE analyses revealed significant G×E interactions, clarifying the specific adaptation zones and stability differences among genotypes. Comprehensive evaluation identified genotype G5 as having both high yield potential and strong stability, approaching the characteristics of an ideal genotype. Environmental assessment indicated that the Yulin (E5) testing site had strong representativeness and discrimination ability, making it a nearly ideal testing environment. Overall, the study confirms that environmental effects play a dominant role in shaping yield-related traits in adzuki bean, and that genotype × environment interaction is a critical consideration in variety selection and promotion. The number of pods per plant is proposed as a key target trait for high-yield breeding. This research provides theoretical support for the rational deployment, promotion, and development of high-yield and stable adzuki bean breeding strategies in China.

Key words: adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), yield-related traits, genotype × environment interaction (G×E), stability, GGE biplot

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