不同灌水量下玉米的产量可持续性对间作绿肥的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33068

Abstract

Abstract:

Clarifying the effect of intercropped green manure on the yield sustainability of maize under different irrigation levels plays a crucial role in the development of a water-saving and efficiency-oriented maize and leguminous green manure intercropping system. Field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2022 using a split-plot experimental design, including two planting patterns: maize and green manure intercropping (M/V) and sole maize cropping (SM). Three irrigation levels were implemented: local conventional irrigation (I₃: 4000 m³ hm^-2), 15% reduction in irrigation (I₂: 3400 m³ hm^-2), and 30% reduction in irrigation (I₁: 2800 m³ hm^-2). The effects of intercropped green manure on maize yield, yield components, relative multi-crop resistance index, yield sustainability index, key soil nutrient indicators, and economic benefits under different irrigation levels were investigated. The results indicated that intercropped green manure increased the number of maize kernels and thousand-kernel weight when subjected to a 15% reduction in irrigation, compared to sole maize cropping, resulting in enhanced grain yield. From 2019 to 2022, intercropped maize with a 15% reduction in irrigation exhibited an increase in the number of maize kernels and thousand-kernel weight by 8.7%–16.4% and 7.1%–13.4%, respectively, compared to sole maize cropping. Grain yield also increased by 9.3%–23.6%. There was no significant difference in grain yield between intercropped maize with a 15% reduction in irrigation and local conventional irrigation. The relative multi-crop resistance index of intercropped maize under reduced irrigation was greater than 0 and increased with the duration of planting, reducing the coefficient of variation in yield and increasing the yield sustainability index of maize. Under the same irrigation levels, the coefficient of variation in yield of intercropped maize decreased by 77.9%–82.8%, and the sustainability index increased by 12.2%–19.9% compared to sole maize cropping. Maize intercropped with green manure also led to increased soil nutrient levels compared to sole maize cropping. Soil organic matter and available nitrogen content increased by 6.4%–15.8% and 12.1%–35.6%, respectively. Soil available phosphorus content in maize and green manure intercropping with a 15% and 30% reduction in irrigation increased by 19.4% and 11.3%, respectively, compared to sole maize cropping. The content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus in maize and green manure intercropping with a 15% reduction in irrigation showed no significant difference compared to local conventional irrigation but was significantly greater than other treatments. The net income of intercropped maize with a 15% reduction in irrigation increased by 10.5%–34.2% compared to sole maize cropping from 2020 to 2022. From 2021 to 2022, the investment ratio of intercropped maize with a 15% reduction in irrigation increased by 7.8%–10.4% compared to sole maize cropping and showed no significant difference compared to intercropped maize with local conventional irrigation. Intercropped green manure improved the yield sustainability of maize by increasing soil organic matter and improving soil nitrogen and phosphorus conditions. In summary, intercropped green manure can mitigate the yield loss of maize caused by reduced irrigation, enhance the stability and sustainability index of maize under reduced irrigation. In this investigation, maize and common vetch intercropping with an irrigation level of 3400 m³ hm^-2 can serve as a reference for sustainable maize production and suitable irrigation levels in the experimental region.

Key words: yield stability, sustainability yield, intercropped green manure, reduced irrigation quota, maize

WANG Yun-Jie, FAN Zhi-Long, ZHANG Diao-Liang, MAO Shou-Fa, HU Fa-Long, YIN Wen, CHAI Qiang. Response of the yield sustainability of maize with different irrigated quota to intercropped green manure[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

References

[1] Zhang J L, Heijden M G A, Zhang F S, Bender S F. Soil biodiversity and crop diversification are vital components of healthy soils and agricultural sustainability. Front Agric Sci Eng, 2020, 7: 236–242.

[2] Ahmed L, Kui L. A global meta-analysis of pulse crop effect on yield, resource use, and soil organic carbon in cereal- and oilseed-based cropping systems. Field Crops Res, 2023, 294: 108857.

[3] 林而达, 谢立勇. 《气候变化2014: 影响、适应和脆弱性》对农业气象学科发展的启示. 中国农业气象, 2014, 35: 359–364.

Lin E D, Xie L Y. Revalation of agro-meterorology learning from climate change 2014: impact adaptation, and vulnerability. Chin J Agrometeorol, 2014, 35: 359–364 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[4] Cao J J, Xu J X, Zhao Y F. Research on agricultural water resource shortage under the background of rapid industrialization and urbanization for the example of Shandong province. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 1793: 4935–4940.

[5] Huang J K, Pray C, Rozelle S. Enhancing the crops to feed the poor. Nature, 2002, 418: 678–684.

[6] Sara E, Katarina H, Anna M. Soil enzyme activities, microbial community composition and function after 47 years of continuous green manuring. Appl Soil Ecol, 2007, 35: 610–621.

[7] Anna P D, Edward W. Influence of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) as catch crop cultivated for green manure on soil phosphorus and P-cycling enzyme activity. Arch Agron Soil Sci, 2020, 66: 1570–1582.

[8] 刘国顺, 罗贞宝, 王岩, 李洪亮, 王国锋, 马京民. 绿肥翻压对烟田土壤理化性状及土壤微生物量的影响. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(1): 95–98.

Liu G S, Luo Z B, Wang Y, Li H L, Wang G F, Ma J M. Effect of green manure application on soil properties and soil microbial biomass in tobacco field. J Soil Water Conserv, 2006, 20(1): 95–98 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[9] 李成亮, 孔宏敏, 何园球. 施肥结构对旱地红壤有机质和物理性质的影响. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(6): 116–119.

Li C L, Kong H M, He Y Q. Effect of fertilization structures on soil organic matter and physical properties of upland field in red soil area. J Soil Water Conserv, 2004, 18(6): 116–119 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[10] 贝凯月, 向春阳, 赵秋, 田秀平, 张茜. 绿肥翻压对土壤微量元素含量及玉米吸收的影响. 玉米科学, 2023, 31(1): 143–152.

Bei K Y, Xiang C Y, Zhao Q, Tian X P, Zhang Q. Effect of green manure returning on soil micronutrient content and maize absorption. J Maize Sci, 2023, 31(1): 143–152 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[11] 张刁亮, 杨昭, 胡发龙, 殷文, 柴强, 樊志龙. 复种绿肥在不同灌水水平下对小麦籽粒品质和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2023, 49: 2572–2581.

Zhang D L, Yang Z, Hu F L, Yin W, Chai Q, Fan Z L. Effects of multiple cropping green manure on grain quality and yield of wheat with different irrigation levels. Acta Agron Sin, 2023, 49: 2572–2581 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[12] 王峥, 梁颖, 姚鹏伟, 芦俊俊, 李婧, 黎志波, 鱼昌为, 曹群虎, 曹卫东, 高亚军. 绿肥播前施肥和翻压方式对旱地麦田土壤水肥性状的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(3): 119–126.

Wang Z, Liang Y, Yao P W, Lu J J, Li J, Li Z B, Yu C W, Cao Q H, Cao W D, Gao Y J. Effects of fertilization before sowing of leguminous green manure and its incorporation methods on soil moisture and nutrient regime of wheat field in Weibei dryland. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2014, 32(3): 119–126 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[13] 李富翠, 赵护兵, 王朝辉, 李小涵, 刘慧, 李可懿, 周玲. 旱地夏闲期秸秆覆盖和种植绿肥对冬小麦水分利用及养分吸收的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(1): 119–125.

Li F C, Zhao H B, Wang C H, Li X H, Liu H, Li K Y, Zhou L. Effects of straw mulching and planting green manure on water use and nutrients uptake of winter wheat on dryland. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2012, 30(1): 119–125 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[14] 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 殷文, 范虹, 赵财, 于爱忠, 柴强. 干旱灌区春小麦水分利用特征对绿肥与麦秸协同还田的响应. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56: 838–849.

Fan Z L, Hu F L, Yin W, Fan H, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Chai Q. Response of water use characteristics of spring wheat to coin corporation of green manure and wheat straw in arid irrigation region. Sci Agric Sin, 2023, 56: 838–849 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[15] 吕汉强, 于爱忠, 柴强. 绿洲灌区玉米产量及水分利用对绿肥还田方式的响应. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28: 671–679.

Lyu H Q, Yu A Z, Chai Q. Response of maize yield and water use to different green manure utilization patterns in arid oasis irrigation area. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2020, 28: 671–679 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[16] 刘小粉, 刘春增, 潘兹亮, 杜天晨. 施用绿肥条件下减施化肥对土壤养分及持水供水能力的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017, (3): 75–79.

Liu X F, Liu C Z, Pan Z L, Du T C. Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer when the green manure applied on soil nutrients，water retention and supply capacities. Soil Fert Sci China, 2017, (3): 75–79 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[17] 殷文, 陈桂平, 郭瑶, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 范虹, 于爱忠, 赵财, 柴强. 春小麦秸秆还田对后茬玉米干物质积累及产量形成的调控效应. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28: 1210–1218.

Yin W, Chen G P, Guo Y, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Fan H, Yu A Z, Zhao C, Chai Q. Responses of dry matter accumulation and yield in a following maize crop to spring wheat straw returning. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2020, 28: 1210–1218 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[18] Garcia-Barrios L, Dechnik-Vazquez Y A. How multispecies intercrop advantage responds to water stress: a yield-component ecological framework and its experimental application. Front Agric Sci Eng, 2021, 8(3): 16.

[19] 卢秉林, 包兴国, 车宗贤, 张久东, 吴科生, 杨蕊菊. 长期留茬免耕对河西绿洲灌区春小麦产量及稳定性的影响. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(7): 117–126.

Lu B L, Bao X G, Che Z X, Zhang J D, Wu K S, Yang R J. Effects of long-term no-tillage with crop stubbles on yield and stability of spring wheat in Hexi Oasis irrigated areas. Trans CSAE, 2022, 38(7): 117–126 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[20] 徐欣, 王笑影, 鲍雪莲, 王影, 刘亚军, 霍海南, 何红波, 解宏图. 长期免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对玉米产量及其稳定性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33: 671–676.

Xu X, Wang X Y, Bao X L, Wang Y, Liu Y J, Huo H N, He H B, Xie H T. Effects of long-term no-tillage and stover mulching on maize yield and its stability. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2022, 33: 671–676 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[21] 李忠芳, 徐明岗, 张会民, 张文菊. 长期不同施肥模式对我国玉米产量可持续性的影响. 玉米科学, 2009, 17(6): 82–87.

Li Z F, Xu M G, Zhang H M, Zhang W J. Effects of different long-term fertilizations on sustainability of maize yield in China. J Maize Sci, 2009, 17(6): 82–87 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[22] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析(第3版). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000. pp 25–109

Bao S D. Soil Agrochemical Analysis, 3rd edn. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. pp 25–109 (in Chinese)

[23] 苟志文, 殷文, 柴强, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 赵财, 于爱忠, 范虹. 干旱灌区小麦间作玉米麦后复种绿肥的可持续性分析. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55: 1319–1331.

Gou Z W, Yin W, Chai Q, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Fan H. Analysis of sustainability of multiple cropping green manure in wheat-maize intercropping after wheat harvested in arid irrigation areas. Sci Agric Sin, 2022, 55: 1319–1331 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[24] 罗跃, 张久东, 周国朋, 常单娜, 高嵩涓, 包兴国, 车宗贤, 朱青, 曹卫东. 河西绿洲灌区间作绿肥及其不同利用方式对玉米产量及土壤肥力的提升效应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28: 402–413.

Luo Y, Zhang J D, Zhou G P, Chang D N, Gao S J, Bao X G, Che Z X, Zhu Q, Cao W D. Intercropping maize with green manure crops at various utilization patterns improves maize yield and soil fertility in Hexi oasis irrigated area. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2022, 28: 402–413 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[25] 卢秉林, 车宗贤, 张久东, 包兴国, 吴科生, 杨蕊菊. 氮肥减量下长期间作毛叶苕子根茬还田对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55: 2384–2397.

Lu B L, Che Z X, Zhang J D, Bao X G, Wu K S, Yang R J. Effects of long-term intercropping of maize with hairy vetch root returning to field on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen fertilizer reduction. Sci Agric Sin, 2022, 55: 2384–2397 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[26] 吕奕彤, 于爱忠, 吕汉强, 王玉珑, 苏向向, 柴强. 绿洲灌区玉米农田土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性对绿肥还田方式的响应. 中国生态农业学报, 2021, 29: 1194–1204.

Lyu Y T, Yu A Z, Lyu H Q, Wang Y L, Su X X, Chai Q. Composition and stability of soil aggregates in maize farmlands under different green manure utilization patterns in an oasis irrigation area. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2021, 29: 1194–1204 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[27] 徐璐瑶, 焦加国, 邓建军, 宿彤, 陈华, 付立波, 胡锋. 不同水肥管理对苕子-玉米轮作农田土壤水稳性团聚体和持水能力的影响. 土壤通报, 2022, 53: 1331–1340.

Xu L Y, Jiao J G, Deng J J, Su T, Chen H, Fu L B, Hu F. Effects of different water and fertilizer management on soil water stable aggregates and soil water holding capacity in Viciavillosa rothvar and maize rotation. Chin J Soil Sci, 2022, 53: 1331–1340 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[28] 李含婷, 柴强, 王琦明, 胡发龙, 于爱忠, 赵财, 殷文, 樊志龙, 范虹. 绿洲灌区不同施氮水平下玉米绿肥间作模式的水分利用特征. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54: 2608–2618.

Li H T, Chai Q, Wang Q M, Hu F L, Yu A Z, Zhao C, Yin W, Fan Z L, Fan H. Water use characteristics of maize-green manure intercropping under different nitrogen application levels in the Oasis irrigation area. Sci Agric Sin, 2021, 54: 2608–2618 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[29] 柴强, 殷文. 间作系统的水分竞争互补机理. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36: 233–239.

Chai Q, Yin W. Research advances in water competition and complementary interaction of intercropping agroecosystems. Chin J Ecol, 2017, 36: 233–239 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[30] 王鹏飞, 于爱忠, 王玉珑, 苏向向, 柴健, 李悦, 吕汉强, 尚永盼, 杨学慧. 麦后复种绿肥翻压还田结合减氮对土壤水热特性及玉米产量的影响. 作物学报, 2023, 49: 2793–2805.

Wang P F, Yu A Z, Wang Y L, Su X X, Chai J, Li Y, Lyu H Q, Shang Y P, Yang X H. Effects of multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest combined with reduced nitrogen application on soil hydrothermal characteristics and maize yield. Acta Agron Sin, 2023, 49: 2793–2805 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[31] Zhou G P, Chang D N, Gao S J, Liang T, Liu R, Cao W D. Co-incorporating leguminous green manure and rice straw drives the synergistic release of carbon and nitrogen, increases hydrolase activities, and changes the composition of main microbial groups. Biol Fert Soils, 2021, 57: 547–561.

[32] Duan Y, Wang T, Lei X G, Cao Y, Liu L F, Zou Z W, Ma Y C, Zhu X J, Fang W P. Leguminous green manure intercropping changes the soil microbial community and increases soil nutrients and key quality components of tea leaves. Hortic Res, 2024, 11: uhae018.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Response of the yield sustainability of maize with different irrigated quota to intercropped green manure

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	FANG Yu-Hui, QI Xue-Li, LI Yan, ZHANG Yu, PENG Chao-Jun, HUA Xia, CHEN Yan-Yan, GUO Rui, HU Lin, XU Wei-Gang. Effects of high light stress on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of wheat with maize C₄-type ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK gene [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1647-1657.
[2]	WANG Rui, SUN Bo, ZHANG Yun-Long, ZHANG Ming-Qi, FAN Ya-Ming, TIAN Hong-Li, ZHAO Yi-Kun, YI Hong-Mei, KUANG Meng, WANG Feng-Ge. Application analysis of chloroplast markers on rapid classification in maize germplasm [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1867-1876.
[3]	WANG Fei-Er, GUO Yao, LI Pan, WEI Jin-Gui, FAN Zhi-Long, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, HE Wei, YIN Wen, CHEN Gui-Ping. Compensation mechanism of increased maize density on yield with water and nitrogen reduction supply in oasis irrigation areas [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(6): 1616-1627.
[4]	SHE Meng, ZHENG Deng-Yu, KE Zhao, WU Zhong-Yi, ZOU Hua-Wen, ZHANG Zhong-Bao. Cloning and functional analysis of ZmGRAS13 gene in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(6): 1420-1434.
[5]	ZHENG Xue-Qing, WANG Xing-Rong, ZHANG Yan-Jun, GONG Dian-Ming, QIU Fa-Zhan. Mapping of QTL for ear-related traits and prediction of key candidate genes in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(6): 1435-1450.
[6]	HAN Jie-Nan, ZHANG Ze, LIU Xiao-Li, LI Ran, SHANG-GUAN Xiao-Chuan, ZHOU Ting-Fang, PAN Yue, HAO Zhuan-Fang, WENG Jian-Feng, YONG Hong-Jun, ZHOU Zhi-Qiang, XU Jing-Yu, LI Xin-Hai, LI Ming-Shun. Analysis of differential accumulation of starch in waxy maize grain caused by the o2 mutation gene [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1207-1222.
[7]	WANG Yong-Liang, XU Zi-Hang, LI Shen, LIANG Zhe-Ming, BAI Ju, YANG Zhi-Ping. Effects of different mulching measures on moisture and temperature of soil and yield and water use efficiency of spring maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1312-1324.
[8]	TIAN Hong-Li, YANG Yang, FAN Ya-Ming, YI Hong-Mei, WANG Rui, JIN Shi-Qiao, JIN Fang, ZHANG Yun-Long, LIU Ya-Wei, WANG Feng-Ge, ZHAO Jiu-Ran. Development of an optimal core SNP loci set for maize variety genuineness identification [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1115-1123.
[9]	SU Shuai, LIU Xiao-Wei, NIU Qun-Kai, SHI Zi-Wen, HOU Yu-Wei, FENG Kai-Jie, RONG Ting-Zhao, CAO Mo-Ju. Identification and gene cloning of leafy dwarf mutant lyd1 in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1124-1135.
[10]	ZOU Jia-Qi, WANG Zhong-Lin, TAN Xian-Ming, CHEN Liao-Yuan, YANG Wen-Yu, YANG Feng. Estimation of maize grain yield under drought stress based on continuous wavelet transform [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(4): 1030-1042.
[11]	LOU Fei, ZUO Yi-Ping, LI Meng, DAI Xin-Meng, WANG Jian, HAN Jin-Ling, WU Shu, LI Xiang-Ling, DUAN Hui-Jun. Effects of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yield, quality, and nitrogen efficiency of waxy maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(4): 1053-1064.
[12]	YUE Hai-Wang, WEI Jian-Wei, LIU Peng-Cheng, CHEN Shu-Ping, BU Jun-Zhou. Comprehensive evaluation of maize hybrids in the mega-environments of Huanghuaihai plain based on GYT biplot analysis [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(4): 836-856.
[13]	XUE Ming, WANG Chen-Chen, JIANG Lu-Guang, LIU Hao, ZHANG Lu-Yao, CHEN Sai-Hua. Mapping and functional analysis of maize inflorescence development gene AFP1 [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 603-612.
[14]	ZHAO Rong-Rong, CONG Nan, ZHAO Chuang. Optimal phase selection for extracting distribution of winter wheat and summer maize over central subregion of Henan Province based on Landsat 8 imagery [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 721-733.
[15]	LIANG Xing-Wei, YANG Wen-Ting, JIN Yu, HU Li, FU Xiao-Xiang, CHEN Xian-Min, ZHOU Shun-Li, SHEN Si, LIANG Xiao-Gui. Is cob color variation in maize accidental or incidental to any agronomic traits? —An example of nationally approved common hybrids over the years [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 771-778.