玉米密植群体下部叶片衰老对植株碳氮分配与产量形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01032

Abstract

Abstract:

Increasing the population density accelerates the senescence of lower leaves, affecting carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.), and also influencing N uptake by roots after silking. We used the maize varieties Denghai 661 and Zhengdan 958 in field and soil column experiments to analyse of changed of C and N distribution, root system function and plant dry matter accumulation in high plant density at post-silking. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the ear leaf showed a significant decrease. Compared with CK, Denghai 661, and Zhengdan 958 decreased the photosynthetic translocation from at lower leaves to roots. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were also negatively affected post-silking. The reduction of root function significantly reduced nitrogen uptake and leaf photosynthetic rate and leading to accelerate leaf senescence process at post-silking. Grain yield decreased 7.61% in Denghai 661 and 8.35% in Zhengdan 958. Zhengdan 958 had earlier leaf senescence, lower leaf area and net photosynthetic rate than Denghai 661, significantly decreasing dry matter accumulation and yield. In conclusion, lower leaf senescence accelerates root senescence, decreases nitrogen uptake, whole plant green leaves area and photosynthetic duration, eventually reduced dry matter accumulation and yield.

Key words: lower leaves senescence, summer maize, carbon and nitrogen distribution, root capability

Rong-Fa LI,Peng LIU,Qing-Long YANG,Hao REN,Shu-Ting DONG,Ji-Wang ZHANG,Bin ZHAO. Effects of Lower Leaf Senescence on Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Yield Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.) with High Planting Density[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(7): 1032-1042.

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline-hydrolytic N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
2015	11.36	1.10	56.35	26.17	106.84
2016	11.07	1.05	52.36	26.37	104.28

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单株籽粒产量 Grain yield per plant (g plant^-1)	穗粒数 Grain number (ear^-1)	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	159.1 c	456.1 e	349.0 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	143.4 d	431.4 f	332.3 a
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	159.8 c	481.7 d	332.1 a
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	140.8 d	414.2 f	340.1 a
2016	登海661 DH661 郑单958 ZD958	CK	175.6 a	577.5 a	304.0 b
		S-1/2	166.2 b	546.3 b	306.2 b
		CK	168.7 b	521.2 c	312.7 b
		S-1/2	159.7 c	505.4 c	314.9 b
年份 Year (Y)			**	**	**
品种 Variety (V)			**	**	NS
处理 Treatment (T)			**	**	NS
年份×品种 Y × V			**	**	NS
年份×处理 Y × T			**	*	NS
品种×处理 V × T			NS	NS	NS
年份×品种×处理Y × V × T			NS	**	NS

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	¹³C分配 ¹³C distribution (%)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stalk	叶 Leaf	粒 Grain
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	7.33 e	31.84 d	13.38 a	47.44 c
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	6.28 g	31.22 d	11.30 b	51.36 a
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	6.90 f	34.67 b	13.18 a	45.25 d
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	5.36 h	37.37 a	10.24 c	47.03 c
2016	登海661 DH661	CK	9.90 a	28.80 e	10.32 c	50.97 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	9.57 b	28.90 e	9.85 d	51.68 a
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	8.80 c	33.56 c	10.13 cd	47.52 c
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	8.53 d	33.49 c	8.83 e	49.14 b

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	根系生物量 Root biomass (g)		根长密度 Root length density (cm cm^-3)		根系表面积 Root surface area (m²)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	R1	R6	R1	R6	R1	R6
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	26.36 d	22.27 b	1.74 d	1.52 a	1.69 b	1.38 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	25.86 d	18.45 de	1.76 cd	1.36 b	1.73 ab	1.10 de
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	21.82 e	19.16 d	1.61 e	1.31 b	1.32 d	1.21 bc
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	21.50 e	17.96 e	1.61 e	1.06 c	1.35 d	0.93 g
2016	登海661 DH661	CK	29.36 a	24.58 a	1.95 a	1.59 a	1.77 a	1.24 b
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	28.94 ab	20.52 c	1.93 a	1.49 b	1.75 a	1.03 f
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	27.95 bc	24.46 a	1.83 bc	1.53 a	1.54 c	1.16 cd
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	27.70 c	21.30 c	1.84 b	1.33 b	1.54 c	1.03 ef

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	¹⁵N 积累量 ¹⁵N accumulation (mg plant^-1)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stalk	叶 Leaf	粒 Grain	整株 Whole plant
2015	登海661 DH661	CK	83.0 b	157.4 b	108.4 a	646.4 c	995.2 c
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	64.5 d	131.9 d	84.0 cd	448.6 d	729.0 d
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	87.0 a	187.5 a	95.6 b	668.8 c	1039.0 b
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	39.1 f	162.5 b	71.9 e	459.6 d	733.1 d
2016	登海661 DH661	CK	65.8 d	146.9 c	95.4 b	821.9 a	1130.0 a
	登海661 DH661	S-1/2	54.4 e	122.9 e	85.2 cd	782.3 b	1047.4 b
	郑单958 ZD958	CK	70.3 c	141.0 c	90.0 bc	848.4 a	1149.8 a
	郑单958 ZD958	S-1/2	53.4 e	125.6 de	80.1 d	782.4 b	1041.5 b

Effects of Lower Leaf Senescence on Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Yield Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.) with High Planting Density

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