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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1715-1724.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.91004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Difference of physiological characteristics of grain weight at various kernel positions in wheat spikelets

LI Yan-Xia1,YANG Wei-Bing1,2,YIN Yan-Ping1,ZHENG Meng-Jing1,CHEN Jin1,YANG Dong-Qing1,LUO Yong-Li1,PANG Dang-Wei1,LI Yong1,*(),WANG Zhen-Lin1,*()   

  1. 1 Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    2 Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2019-01-10 Accepted:2019-06-22 Online:2019-11-12 Published:2019-07-15
  • Contact: Yong LI,Zhen-Lin WANG E-mail:woooowo@126.com;zlwang@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31271661);The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(30871477);the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150404);the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2015CB150404);the Youth Fund Project from Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201629);the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0300400);the Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Plan(J14LF12);the Shandong Province Mount Tai Industrial Talents Program, and Shandong Province Key Agricultural project for Application Technology Innovation

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Abstract:

The object of the experiment was to explore the main physiological mechanism of heterogeneous development of grains located at the various kernel positions in wheat spikelets, further to reveal the factors restricting grain filling of inferior grains located on the distal kernel positions. Two varieties with different spike sizes of winter wheat (a large-spike cultivar Tainong 18 and a multiple-spike cultivar Shannong 20) were used to as the experimental materials. We have studied the dynamic changes of concentrations of endogenous hormones, soluble sugar and total nitrogen in grains located at different kernel positions in wheat spikelets during grain-filling period, and the microstructure of vascular bundle junction on kernel handle and kernel weight. Correlation analysis showed that the grain filling rate was significantly correlated with the contents of GA and IAA in grains. Higher GA and IAA contents in proximal kernels could make the conversion from sucrose to starch start earlier, the seed differentiate rapidly and the grain-filling rate higher, which is the physiological mechanism of the higher weight of proximal kernel in wheat spikelets. The micrograph showed that the cross-sectional area of vascular bundle of seed stalk on proximal kernels at the early stage of grain-filling period was significantly larger than that of distal kernels, and the microcosmic space was small and orderly, which is conducive to the transport of assimilates and physiological active substances, showing an anatomical basis for the rapid increase of seed weight and higher grain-filling rate in the proximal kernels of spikelets.

Key words: kernel position, kernel weight, endogenous hormone, soluble sugar, total nitrogen content

Fig. 1

Grain weight and grain-filling rate of grains located at the various kernel positions after anthesis in 2014-2015 1 2: Grains from the first and second kernel positions in the base of the spikelet; 3: Grains from the third kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 4 5: Grains from the fourth and fifth kernel positions in the base of the spikelet."

Fig. 2

Single grain weight of various kernel positions in wheat spikelet at maturity in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 1 2: grains from the first and second kernel positions in the base of the spikelet; 3: grains from the third kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 4 5: grains from the fourth and fifth kernel positions in the base of the spikelet."

Fig. 3

Changes of soluble sugar and sucrose concentrations in grains located at various kernel positions in spikelets during grain filling period of two wheat cultivars with different spike sizes in 2013-2014 1 2: grains from the first and second kernel positions in the base of the spikelet; 3: grains from the third kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 4 5: grains from the fourth and fifth kernel positions in the base of the spikelet."

Fig. 4

Changes of N concent in grains located at various kernel positions in spikelets during grain filling period in 2013-2014 1 2: grains from the first and second kernel positions in the base of the spikelet; 3: grains from the third kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 4 5: grains from the fourth and fifth kernel positions in the base of the spikelet."

Fig. 5

Changes of endogenous hormone concentrations in grains at various kernel positions during grain filling in 2014-2015 1 2: grains from the first and second kernel positions in the base of the spikelet; 3: grains from the third kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 4 5: grains from the fourth and fifth kernel positions in the base of the spikelet."

Fig. 6

Micrograph of transverse section of the joint of grains and grain handle at various kernel positions of TN18 and SN20 1: Grains from the first kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 3: Grains from the third kernel position in the base of the spikelet; 4: Grains from the fourth kernel position in the base of the spikelet. Magnified 50×, 150×, 500×, 1500× from left to right."

Table 1

Correlations of grain filling rate with the carbohydrates and hormones contents during grain filling stage"

籽粒灌浆速率
Grain-filling rate		 可溶性总糖
Soluble suger content		 蔗糖
Sucrose content		 内源激素 Hormone content
GA ZR ABA IAA
山农20 SN20 0.46 0.57 0.40 0.49 0.29 0.68*
泰农18 TN18 0.18 0.56* 0.74** 0.08 0.11 0.81**
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