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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 149-158.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.93008

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Grain filling and dehydrating characteristics of maize hybrids with different maturity

WANG Rong-Huan(), XU Tian-Jun(), CHEN Chuan-Yong, WANG Yuan-Dong, LYU Tian-Fang, LIU Yue-E, CAI Wan-Tao, LIU Xiu-Zhi, ZHAO Jiu-Ran*()   

  1. Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences / Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2019-02-26 Accepted:2020-09-13 Online:2021-01-12 Published:2020-09-22
  • Contact: ZHAO Jiu-Ran E-mail:ronghuanwang@126.com;xtjxtjbb@163.com;maizezhao@126.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02)

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Abstract:

Suitable variety arrangement according to the natural ecological conditions, maturity, grain filling and dehydrating characteristics and yield potential of maize hybrid is an important approach for realizing higher maize yield, quality and photothermal resource utilization. Thirteen hybrids widely planted in maize production with three maturity types [medium-early maturity (MEM), medium maturity (MM) and medium-late maturity type (MLM)] were selected to clarify the grain filling and dehydrating characteristics for different maturity hybrids, by investigating the dynamic changes of grain filling and moisture content. The results showed that yield, grain filling and dehydrating characteristics differed significantly between different maturities and hybrids. Average yield level showed MLM (13,813.0 kg hm-2) > MM (12,970.4 kg hm-2) > MEM (10,729.0 kg hm-2), with MLM was 28.7% and 6.5% higher than that of MLM and MM type, respectively. Average grain filling rate showed MEM (0.034 g 100-grain-1 ℃-1) > MM (0.031 g 100-grain-1 ℃-1) > MLM (0.027 g 100-grain-1 ℃-1), average dehydrating rate after physiological maturity (PM) showed MM (0.027% ℃-1 d-1) > MEM (0.025% ℃-1 d-1) > MLM (0.018% ℃-1 d-1). Average grain filling rate and dehydrating rate after PM of MEM representative hybrid Jingnongke 728 were 38.5% and 112.5%, 28.6% and 54.5%, 28.6% and 13.3% higher than those of representative hybrid Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335 and Nonghua 101 for three maturity type; the yield of Jingke 968 was the highest (14,813.0 kg hm-2), average grain filling rate and dehydrating rate after PM was7.7% and 18.8% higher than the same maturity hybrid Zhengdan 958. Yield level was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with grain filling period, corresponding accumulated temperature, average grain filling rate and 100-grain weight; grain moisture content at harvest stage was significantly correlated with grain filling period and corresponding accumulated temperature, but negatively significantly correlated with dehydrating rate before and after PM; there were no significant correlation between dehydrating rate before and after PM with average grain filling rate. Maturity, grain filling and dehydrating characteristics were all important factors for higher maize yield, quality and photothermal resource utilization. This study indicated that maize grain filling and dehydrating characteristics differed significantly between different maturity types and hybrids. Maturity, grain filling and dehydrating characteristics should be well considered for variety arrangement in maize production in order to achieve higher maize yield, quality and photothermal resource utilization.

Key words: maize, maturity type, grain filling characteristics, grain dehydrating characteristics

Table 1

Growth period and accumulated temperature of maize hybrids"

熟期类型
Maturity type		 品种
Hybrid		 吐丝期
Silking stage (month/day)		 生理成熟期
Physiological maturity (month/day)		 生育期
Growing period (d)		 吐丝期-生理
成熟期天数
Days from silking stage to physiological
maturity (d)		 吐丝期-生理成熟期积温
Accumulated temperature from silking stage to physiological
maturity (℃ d)
中早熟类型
Medium-early maturity type		 吉单27 Jidan 27 7/9 9/1 107 54 1406.5
京农科728 Jingnongke 728 7/9 9/1 107 54 1406.5
农华101 Nonghua 101 7/10 9/1 108 53 1379.6
中熟类型
Medium
maturity type		 京单28 Jingdan 28 7/10 9/6 112 58 1488.8
先玉335 Xianyu 335 7/10 9/5 112 57 1467.2
NK718 7/13 9/8 113 57 1447.5
京华8号 Jinghua 8 7/13 9/9 114 58 1468.6
利民33 Limin 33 7/13 9/9 114 58 1468.6
京科528 Jingke 528 7/14 9/8 114 56 1417.1
京单38 Jingdan 38 7/10 9/5 114 57 1467.2
京科665 Jingke 665 7/10 9/8 116 60 1531.5
中晚熟类型
Medium-late maturity type		 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7/14 9/16 121 64 1566.2
京科968 Jingke 968 7/13 9/15 121 64 1577.8

Table 2

Yield components of maize hybrids with different maturity"

熟期类型
Maturity type		 品种
Hybrid		 穗粒数
Number of grains		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
中早熟类型
Medium-early maturity type		 吉单27 Jidan 27 555 ef 37.2 gh 11,062.0 hij
京农科728 Jingnongke 728 522 fg 38.8 e 10,875.5 ij
农华101 Nonghua 101 607 cd 35.5 i 10,249.5 j
平均值Average 561 37.2 10,729.0
中熟类型
Medium maturity type		 京单28 Jingdan 28 493 g 42.3 b 12,187.0 efg
先玉335 Xianyu 335 644 abc 38.4 ef 13,187.5 cde
NK718 654 abc 36.5 hi 13,999.0 abc
京华8号Jinghua 8 531 fg 40.9 c 12,000.5 fgh
利民33 Limin 33 686 a 32.5 j 11,714.5 ghi
京科528 Jingke 528 570 def 44.1 a 13,750.0 bcd
京单38 Jingdan 38 605 cde 39.1 de 12,625.5 efg
京科665 Jingke 665 677 ab 37.3 gh 14,299.5 ab
平均值Average 608 38.9 12,970.4
中晚熟类型
Medium-late maturity type		 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 628 bc 37.6 fg 12,813.0 def
京科968 Jingke 968 675 ab 40.1 cd 14,813.0 a
平均值Average 652 38.9 13,813.0
变异来源
Source of variation		 熟期类型Maturity type ** ** **
品种Hybrid ** ** **

Table 3

Parameters of grain-filling characteristics of maize hybrids with different maturity"

熟期类型
Maturity type		 品种
Hybrid		 活跃灌浆期积温
P (℃)		 平均灌浆速率
Gave (g 100-grain-1 ℃-1)		 最大灌浆速率
Gmax (g 100-grain-1 ℃-1)
中早熟类型
Medium-early maturity type		 吉单27 Jidan 27 967.12 k 0.036 a 0.053 b
京农科728 Jingnongke 728 1001.41 j 0.036 a 0.054 ab
农华101 Nonghua 101 1180.04 h 0.028 c 0.042 d
平均值Average 1049.52 0.034 0.050
中熟类型
Medium maturity type		 京单28 Jingdan 28 1191.59 g 0.033 b 0.049 c
先玉335 Xianyu 335 1343.93 b 0.028 c 0.042 d
NK718 1258.63 e 0.028 c 0.041 d
京华8号 Jinghua 8 1009.70 i 0.038 a 0.056 a
利民33 Limin 33 1260.09 e 0.025 d 0.037 f
京科528 Jingke 528 1290.57 c 0.032 b 0.048 c
京单38 Jingdan 38 1218.27 f 0.033 b 0.048 c
京科665 Jingke 665 1270.15 d 0.027 cd 0.040 de
平均值Average 1230.37 0.031 0.045
中晚熟类型
Medium-late maturity type		 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 1423.28 a 0.026 d 0.038 ef
京科968 Jingke 968 1344.61 b 0.028 c 0.042 d
平均值Average 1383.95 0.027 0.040
变异来源
Source of variation		 熟期类型Maturity type ** ** **
品种Hybrid ** ** **

Table 4

Grain moisture content and dehydrating rate of maize hybrids with different maturity"

熟期类型
Maturity type		 品种
Hybrid		 籽粒含水率
Grain moisture content (%)		 生理成熟前平均生理降水速率
Physiological
dehydration rate before
physiological
maturity [% (℃ d)-1]		 生理成熟后平均
物理脱水速率
Physical dehydration rate after physiological maturity [% (℃ d)-1]		 平均总脱水速率
Average total dehydration
rate [% (℃ d)-1]
生理成熟期
Physiological maturity		 收获期Harvest stage
中早熟类型
Medium-early maturity type		 吉单27 Jidan 27 26.6 e 23.0 bcd 0.045 a 0.012 f 0.028 cd
京农科728
Jingnongke 728		 30.2 abcd 19.8 f 0.043 ab 0.034 a 0.038 a
农华101 Nonghua 101 29.9 bcd 20.9 e 0.044 a 0.030 b 0.037 a
平均值Average 28.9 21.2 0.044 0.025 0.035
中熟类型
Medium
maturity type		 京单28 Jingdan 28 32.2 ab 22.3 cd 0.039 c 0.033 ab 0.036 a
先玉335 Xianyu 335 30.2 abcd 23.8 b 0.041 bc 0.022 cd 0.031 bc
NK718 30.2 abcd 23.2 bc 0.041 bc 0.024 c 0.032 b
京华8号 Jinghua 8 31.6 abc 22.1 d 0.040 bc 0.032 ab 0.036 a
利民33 Limin 33 32.4 a 22.4 cd 0.039 c 0.034 ab 0.037 a
京科528 Jingke 528 31.9 abc 22.6 cd 0.041 bc 0.032 ab 0.036 a
京单38 Jingdan 38 30.7 abcd 23.9 b 0.040 bc 0.023 cd 0.032 b
京科665 Jingke 665 29.1 d 23.9 b 0.040 bc 0.018 e 0.029 c
平均值Average 31.0 23.0 0.040 bc 0.027 0.034
中晚熟类型
Medium-late maturity type		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 30.0 abcd 25.5 a 0.038 c 0.016 ef 0.027 d
京科968 Jingke 968 29.5 cd 24.0 b 0.038 c 0.019 d 0.029 c
平均值Average 29.8 24.7 0.038 0.018 0.028
变异来源
Source of
variation		 熟期类型
Maturity type		 ** ** ** ** **
品种Hybrid ** ** ** ** **

Table 5

Correlation analysis of grain filling, dehydrating and yield related parameters of maize hybrids"

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