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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1540-1550.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02069

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of machine transplanting density and panicle nitrogen fertilizer reduction on grains starch synthesis in good taste rice cultivars

CHEN Yun1,2(), LIU Kun1, ZHANG Hong-Lu1, LI Si-Yu1, ZHANG Ya-Jun2, WEI Jia-Li2, ZHANG Hao1, GU Jun-Fei1, LIU Li-Jun1,*(), YANG Jian-Chang1   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-10-22 Accepted:2021-01-13 Online:2021-08-12 Published:2021-02-18
  • Contact: LIU Li-Jun E-mail:yunchen@yzu.edu.cn;ljliu@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300502);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301206);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871557);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671614);Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(cx183007);Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics(YSCL201807);Physiology, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

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Abstract:

The effect of machine transplanting density on grain starch synthesis in good taste rice cultivars (GTRC) is still unclear. In the experiment, three representative GTRC of Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055, and Nanjing 46 in Jiangsu province were used as materials. Five machine transplanting densities of 33.3 × 104, 27.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 20.8 × 104, and 18.5 × 104 hills hm-2 were formed with the row spacing at 30 cm and the plant spacing of 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 cm, respectively. The effects of machine transplanting density on yield and grain starch synthesis in above three rice cultivars were studied, and the regulation mechanism of halving normal nitrogen (N) rate of panicle nitrogen fertilizer on the starch synthesis was also observed. The results were as follows: (1) The grain yield of the three GTRC were highest at the transplanting density of 27.8 × 104 hills hm-2. The amylose content at mature stage of the three GTRC decreased first and then increased with the increase in machine transplanting density, while the amylopectin content continued to decrease. When the machine transplanting density was controlled at 27.5 × 104-29.9 × 104hills hm-2, it was beneficial to improve the taste value of the above-mentioned GTRC. (2) With the increase in machine transplanting density, the activities of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) were increased in the early and middle stages of grain filling (8-20 days after heading), and were decreased rapidly at later grain filling stage. Machine transplanting density had no significant effect on starch branching enzyme (SBE) activity. Among them, the activities of GBSS and AGP in grains at 12-16 days after heading were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of amylose and total starch. (3) Compared with normal N rate of panicle nitrogen fertilizer, half normal N rate could significantly decrease the activities of GBSS and AGP in grains during the early and middle stages of grain filling, reduce the amylose content of rice, and further improve the taste value of GTRC. These results indicated that machine transplanting density could regulate the amylose content due to the activities variations of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis (GBSS and AGP) in the grains during the early and middle stages of grain filling, thus resulting in the difference of rice taste value. Reasonable machine transplanting density and panicle nitrogen fertilizer rate are helpful to further improve the eating quality of GTRC.

Key words: good taste rice cultivar, machine transplanting density, key enzymes involved in starch synthesis, taste value, amylose

Table 1

Analysis of variance of machine transplanting density on grain yield and main grain quality indices in good taste rice cultivars"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degree of freedom		 产量
Grain yield		 整精米率
Head rice percentage		 垩白粒率
Chalky kernel percentage		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content		 蛋白质含量
Protein content		 食味值
Taste value
年份 Year (Y) 1 ns ns ns ns ns ns
密度 Density (D) 4 34.0** 3.33* 9.1** 10.5** 7.76** 10.1**
品种 Cultivar (C) 2 38.9** 65.4** 2645.8** 33.8** 3.94* 10.2**
年份×密度 Y × D 4 ns ns ns ns ns ns
年份×品种Y × C 2 ns ns ns ns ns ns
密度×品种D × C 8 ns ns ns ns ns ns
年份×密度×品种Y × D × C 8 ns ns ns ns ns ns

Fig. 1

Effects of machine transplanting density on yield and its components in good taste rice cultivars in 2018 18.5, 20.8, 23.8, 27.8, and 33.3 represent the transplanting density of 18.5 × 104, 20.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 27.8 × 104, and 33.3 × 104 hills hm-2, respectively."

Fig. 2

Effects of machine transplanting density on starch content and taste value in good taste rice cultivars in 2018"

Fig. 3

Correlation between the taste value and the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch in good taste rice cultivars in 2018 *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01."

Table 2

Machine transplanting density of good taste rice cultivars with minimum amylose content in 2018"

品种
Cultivar		 机插密度(x, ×104穴 hm-2)与直链淀粉含量(y, %)关系方程
Equation between machine transplanting density (x, ×104 hills hm-2) and amylose content (y, %)		 R2 xopt1
(x, ×104 hills hm-2)		 xopt2
(x, cm)		 ymin
(%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 y=0.011x2-0.657x+21.5 0.912 29.9 11.1 11.7
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055 y=0.012x2-0.659x+19.7 0.915 27.5 12.1 10.7
南粳46 Nanjing 46 y=0.012x2-0.674x+20.8 0.966 28.1 11.9 11.3

Fig. 4

Effects of machine transplanting density on the dynamics of amylose content and total starch content in grains of good taste rice cultivars in 2018 18.5, 20.8, 23.8, 27.8, and 33.3 represent the transplanting density of 18.5 × 104, 20.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 27.8 × 104, and 33.3 × 104 hills hm-2, respectively."

Fig. 5

Effects of machine transplanting density on starch branching enzyme (SBE) activity in grains of good taste rice cultivars in 2018 18.5, 20.8, 23.8, 27.8, and 33.3 represent the transplanting density of 18.5 × 104, 20.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 27.8 × 104, and 33.3 × 104 hills hm-2, respectively."

Fig. 6

Effects of machine transplanting density on granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activity in grains of good taste rice cultivars in 2018 18.5, 20.8, 23.8, 27.8, and 33.3 represent the transplanting density of 18.5 × 104, 20.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 27.8 × 104, and 33.3 × 104 hills hm-2, respectively."

Fig. 7

Effects of machine transplanting density on ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) activity in grains of good taste rice cultivars in 2018 18.5, 20.8, 23.8, 27.8, and 33.3 represent the transplanting density of 18.5 × 104, 20.8 × 104, 23.8 × 104, 27.8 × 104, and 33.3 × 104 hills hm-2, respectively."

Table 3

The correlation between the activities of key enzymes involved in grain starch synthesis in good taste rice cultivars at different stages after heading and the amylose and total starch content at mature stage in 2018"

酶类型
Enzyme type		 淀粉含量
Starch content		 抽穗后天数 Days after heading
8 d 12 d 16 d 20 d 24 d 28 d 32 d
SBE 直链淀粉含量Amylose content 0.303 -0.170 -0.419 0.353 -0.255 0.308 0.603*
总淀粉含量Total starch content -0.110 -0.032 0.095 0.826** -0.747** 0.624* -0.149
GBSS 直链淀粉含量Amylose content -0.505 0.523* 0.728** 0.460 0.031 0.209 0.468
总淀粉含量Total starch content 0.095 0.659** 0.701** 0.771** -0.652** -0.573* -0.468
AGP 直链淀粉含量Amylose content -0.336 0.865** 0.819** 0.431 0.279 0.092 0.084
总淀粉含量Total starch content 0.097 0.699** 0.762** 0.776** -0.561* -0.719** -0.195

Table 4

Effects of halving panicle nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield, amylose content, total starch content and taste value in good taste rice cultivars in 2019"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content (%)		 支链淀粉含量
Amylopectin
content (%)		 总淀粉含量
Total starch content (%)		 食味值
Taste value
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 正常穗肥用量 NR 11.3 a 11.5 a 54.8 a 66.3 a 75.9 b
穗肥用量减半 HR 11.0 a 10.9 b 54.9 a 65.8 a 79.6 a
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055 正常穗肥用量 NR 10.7 a 10.2 a 55.9 a 66.1 a 78.4 b
穗肥用量减半 HR 10.4 a 9.5 b 53.7 b 63.2 b 82.7 a
南粳46 Nanjing 46 正常穗肥用量 NR 10.1 a 11.3 a 55.2 a 66.5 a 73.3 b
穗肥用量减半 HR 9.9 a 10.4 b 54.1 a 63.5 a 78.6 a

Fig. 8

Effects of halving panicle nitrogen fertilizer on the activities of key enzymes involved in grain starch synthesis in good taste rice cultivars in 2019 NR: normal N rate of panicle nitrogen fertilizer; HR: half normal N rate of panicle nitrogen fertilizer. SBE: starch branching enzyme; GBSS: granule-bound starch synthase; AGP: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. The activities of enzymes were means of two repetitions at 12 and 16 days after heading."

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