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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 716-725.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11012

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of wide range sowing on grain yield, quality, and nitrogen use of strong gluten wheat

LIU Yun-Jing1(), ZHENG Fei-Na1, ZHANG Xiu1, CHU Jin-Peng1, YU Hai-Tao2, DAI Xing-Long1,*(), HE Ming-Rong1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-01-29 Accepted:2021-06-16 Online:2022-03-12 Published:2021-07-16
  • Contact: DAI Xing-Long,HE Ming-Rong E-mail:1101307472@qq.com;adaisdny@163.com;mrhe@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300403);Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801298);Funds of Shandong ‘Double Top’ Program(SYL2017YSTD05)

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Abstract:

It is well known that wide range sowing can simultaneously improve grain yield (GY) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the effects of wide range sowing on grain quality have not been investigated while GY and NUE increased. In the present study, four winter wheat cultivars (Gaoyou 5766, Jimai 44, Taishan 27, and Zhouyuan 9369) were used as experimental materials and two sowing patterns (the wide range sowing and conventional drilling sowing) were designed during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. Also, we investigated the effects of wide range sowing on GY, NUE, and grain quality. Under wide range sowing, grain number on unit land area were increased by an average of 13.16% across cultivars and growth seasons mainly due to the increase of spike number on unit land area, and in turn GY increased by an average of 13.39%. Meanwhile, nitrogen (N) uptake during whole growth season especially at post-anthesis stage were enhanced. The N accumulation during whole growth season increased by an average of 10.29% while that increased by an average of 36.83% at post-anthesis stage. Consequently, N uptake efficiency and NUE increased by 12.73% and 13.39%, respectively. Enhanced N uptake resulted in a sufficient N supply for grain and a significant increase in grain N accumulation on unit land area. A similar increase magnitude was observed between grain N accumulation (on average 13.38%), grain number (13.16%), and GY (13.39%). As a result, total quantity of N per grain and grain protein concentration remained unchanged, which led to a stable grain protein composition and grain quality. Conclusively, wide range sowing can maintain good grain quality with increased GY and NUE by optimizing coupling of GY formation process with the process of N uptake and translocation.

Key words: wide range sowing, strong gluten wheat, grain yield, grain quality, nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Nutrient status in 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m soil before sowing in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020"

年份
Year		 土层
Soil layer
(m)		 容重
Bulk density
(g cm-3)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolysable N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
2018-2019 0-0.20 1.31 17.80 1.12 84.71 27.84 93.72
0.20-0.40 1.35 13.01 0.88 49.99 15.50 61.54
2019-2020 0-0.20 1.31 16.41 1.14 74.60 30.86 81.61
0.20-0.40 1.35 12.63 0.81 43.22 16.74 47.98

Table 2

Variation analysis of grain yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency of strong gluten wheat as affected by growth season (S), cultivar (C), and sowing pattern (P)"

变异来源
Source of variation		 籽粒产量
Grain yield		 氮素利用率
NUE		 蛋白质含量
GPC		 单粒含氮量
Ntot		 面团稳定时间
Stability time		 面包体积
Loaf volume
生长季S 16.32*** 16.26*** 73.96*** 256.06*** 19.66*** 6.40*
品种C 201.58*** 201.47*** 170.89*** 227.54*** 30.86*** 89.64***
播种方式P 514.50*** 514.62*** 0.29 0.03 0.34 1.48
S×C 69.52*** 69.48*** 46.13*** 63.74*** 5.77** 35.30***
C×P 6.95** 6.97** 1.37 0.56 0.24 0.94
S×P 1.96 1.95 1.57 0.27 0.07 0.09
S×C×P 5.95** 5.96** 1.73 0.07 0.44 0.31

Table 3

Effects of sowing pattern on grain yield and its components in strong gluten wheat"

生长季
Growth season		 品种
Cultivars		 播种方式
Sowing pattern		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 穗数
Spike number
(´104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 单位面积粒数
Grains per unit land area
(´104 m-2)		 粒重
Grain weight
(mg)
2018-2019 济麦44
Jimai 44		 常规条播 Drilling 7045.85 b 522.00 b 35.17 a 1.84 b 44.13 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 8094.86 a 607.11 a 34.47 b 2.09 a 44.47 a
泰山27
Taishan 27		 常规条播 Drilling 8388.16 b 571.78 b 42.30 b 2.42 b 39.87 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 9895.95 a 651.55 a 43.58 a 2.84 a 40.06 a
藁优5766
Gaoyou 5766		 常规条播 Drilling 8194.36 b 600.67 b 41.75 a 2.51 b 37.57 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 9154.68 a 680.89 a 41.35 a 2.82 a 37.38 a
洲元9369
Zhouyuan 9369		 常规条播 Drilling 8557.63 b 490.89 b 53.07 b 2.61 b 37.77 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 9694.96 a 552.00 a 53.65 a 2.96 a 37.63 a
2019-2020 济麦44
Jimai 44		 常规条播 Drilling 7663.93 b 733.14 b 31.19 b 2.29 b 38.53 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 8553.62 a 778.63 a 32.62 a 2.54 a 38.73 a
泰山27
Taishan 27		 常规条播 Drilling 7684.36 b 608.82 b 44.78 b 2.73 b 32.40 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 8585.19 a 643.89 a 47.29 a 3.04 a 32.42 a
藁优5766
Gaoyou 5766		 常规条播 Drilling 8877.50 b 812.75 b 32.23 b 2.62 b 38.96 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 9549.90 a 847.25 a 33.24 a 2.82 a 38.97 a
洲元9369
Zhouyuan 9369		 常规条播 Drilling 9011.54 b 769.22 b 33.84 b 2.60 b 39.79 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 10,661.95 a 860.20 a 35.62 a 3.06 a 39.99 a

Fig. 1

Effects of sowing pattern on nitrogen use efficiency and its components in strong gluten wheat Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. The error bar represents standard error of three replicates."

Table 4

Effects of sowing pattern on grain quality in strong gluten wheat"

生长季
Growth season		 品种
Cultivars		 播种方式
Sowing pattern		 蛋白质含量
GPC
(%)		 单粒含氮量
Ntot
(mg grain-1)		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten
(%)		 面团稳定时间
Stability time
(min)		 面包体积
Loaf volume
(mL)
2018-2019 济麦44
JM44		 常规条播 Drilling 15.21 a 1.22 a 36.03 a 15.88 a 918.33 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 15.25 a 1.22 a 37.23 a 16.98 a 927.50 a
泰山27
TS27		 常规条播 Drilling 14.06 a 0.97 a 34.27 a 11.18 a 975.83 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 14.11 a 0.97 a 33.97 a 12.69 a 995.00 a
藁优5766
GY5766		 常规条播 Drilling 14.35 a 1.04 a 35.50 a 26.40 a 843.33 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 14.44 a 1.03 a 37.23 a 26.66 a 883.33 a
洲元9369
ZY9369		 常规条播 Drilling 13.94 a 1.07 a 38.10 a 12.19 a 850.83 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 13.84 a 1.10 a 37.87 a 12.10 a 844.17 a
2019-2020 济麦44
JM44		 常规条播 Drilling 14.41 a 1.15 a 30.90 a 15.14 a 812.50 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 14.31 a 1.14 a 31.46 a 14.68 a 820.83 a
泰山27
TS27		 常规条播 Drilling 12.88 a 0.96 a 29.80 a 11.77 a 947.50 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 12.98 a 0.95 a 29.22 a 10.36 a 968.33 a
藁优5766
GY5766		 常规条播 Drilling 13.26 a 0.94 a 29.97 a 16.51 a 789.17 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 13.32 a 0.93 a 29.57 a 18.45 a 797.00 a
洲元9369
ZY9369		 常规条播 Drilling 12.92 a 0.80 a 32.23 a 5.33 a 736.67 a
宽幅播种 Wide range 12.85 a 0.81 a 32.53 a 7.12 a 719.17 a

Fig. 2

Effects of sowing pattern on the nitrogen accumulation at anthesis and maturity in strong gluten wheat Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. The error bar represents standard error of three replicates."

Table 5

Effects of sowing pattern on nitrogen accumulation, remobilization, and contribution rate to grain N in strong gluten wheat"

年份
Growth
season		 品种
Cultivar		 播种方式
Sowing pattern		 籽粒氮素积累量
Grain nitrogen accumulation
(kg hm-2)		 花前氮素向籽粒转运
Remobilized nitrogen from vegetation organs
at anthesis to grains		 花后氮素吸收量
Nitrogen assimilation after anthesis
转运量
RA (kg hm-2)		 转运率
NRE (%)		 对籽粒氮素
贡献率
CPG (%)		 吸收量UA
(kg hm-2)		 对籽粒氮素贡献率
CPG (%)
2018-2019 济麦44
JM44		 常规条播
Drilling		 187.99 b 136.09 b 76.14 a 72.39 a 51.90 b 27.61 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 216.54 a 144.39 a 72.59 b 66.70 b 72.16 a 33.30 a
泰山27
TS27		 常规条播
Drilling		 206.92 b 162.85 b 74.26 a 78.71 a 44.07 b 21.30 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 245.02 a 178.48 a 72.69 a 72.84 b 66.55 a 27.16 a
藁优5766
GY5766		 常规条播Drilling 206.27 b 166.81 a 78.31 a 80.88 a 39.45 b 19.12 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 231.93 a 174.26 a 77.08 b 75.14 b 57.67 a 24.86 a
洲元9369
ZY9369		 常规条播
Drilling		 209.34 b 167.46 a 74.79 a 79.98 a 41.88 b 20.02 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 235.44 a 176.15 a 73.15 b 74.84 b 59.29 a 25.17 a
年份
Growth
season		 品种
Cultivar		 播种方式
Sowing pattern		 籽粒氮素积累量
Grain nitrogen accumulation
(kg hm-2)		 花前氮素向籽粒转运
Remobilized nitrogen from vegetation organs
at anthesis to grains		 花后氮素吸收量
Nitrogen assimilation after anthesis
转运量
RA (kg hm-2)		 转运率
NRE (%)		 对籽粒氮素
贡献率
CPG (%)		 吸收量
UA
(kg hm-2)		 对籽粒氮素贡献率
CPG (%)
2019-2020 济麦44
JM44		 常规条播
Drilling		 193.69 b 134.73 b 62.27 a 69.58 a 58.96 b 30.42 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 214.71 a 144.81 a 61.97 a 67.46 b 69.90 a 32.54 a
泰山27
TS27		 常规条播
Drilling		 189.86 b 122.02 b 62.38 a 64.27 a 67.84 b 35.73 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 210.50 a 130.13 a 61.20 a 61.82 b 80.37 a 38.18 a
藁优5766
GY5766		 常规条播
Drilling		 222.08 b 133.85 a 67.75 a 60.27 a 88.24 b 39.73 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 239.90 a 138.90 a 63.70 b 57.91 b 100.99 a 42.09 a
洲元9369
ZY9369		 常规条播
Drilling		 220.10 b 148.44 b 68.90 b 67.45 a 71.67 b 32.55 b
宽幅播种
Wide range		 259.03 a 163.31 a 72.89 a 63.05 b 95.73 a 36.95 a
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