东北主推玉米品种种子形态及贮藏物质与萌发期耐冷性的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13016

Abstract

Abstract:

Seed germination is the initial stage of crop morphology, which is determined by its own properties and environmental factors. Low temperature is one of the most important factors affecting seed germination. It is crucial to explore the relationship between seed properties and germination under low temperature environmental conditions for maize production in Northeast China. In the present study, 36 maize hybrids released in Northeast China were selected and the germination culture experiment was conducted under 6℃ (low temperature stress) and 15℃ (the control). The seedling vigor, seed germination rate, seed morphology and storage substances content were determined. The germination potential and germination rate of 36 maize hybrids were evaluated by the principal component analysis (PCA), the comprehensive evaluation value of cold tolerance (CL-value), and the membership function value (R-value). The relationship between the seed morphology (kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, kernel length/kernel width ratio, 100-kernel volume, and 100-kernel weight) and the seed storage substances (starch, protein, and fat) of 36 maize varieties were investigated. The results showed that the seedling vigor and germination rate of 36 maize hybrids were inhibited to some content, and the variation of relative seedling vigor cold injury rate and relative germination cold injury rate was the largest under low temperature stress. There was a significant correlation among the seven individual indicators that characterized cold tolerance. Principal component analysis could transform seven individual indicators into two independent comprehensive indicators. Among them, relative seedling vigor and relative germination rate had the largest positive contribution rate, which could be used as the key indicators for cold resistance evaluation at germination stage in maize. We classified 36 hybrids into four types of strong cold tolerance (19.4%), cold tolerance (30.6%), medium cold tolerance (33.3%), and cold sensitive (16.7%) by cluster analysis. Among them, Jidan 56, Kenji 267, Suiyu 23, Jidan 953, Kenji 268, Jidan 96, and Jidan 95 were strong cold-tolerant hybrids. The correlation analysis revealed that there was no significant correlation between seed morphology and cold tolerance. Starch content was significantly correlated with relative seedling vigor, relative germination rate, relative seedling vigor chilling injury rate, relative germination chilling injury rate, and relative germination time (r = 0.396^**, r = 0.404 ^**, r = -0.401 ^**, r = -0.391 ^**, and r = 0.362 ^**). There was a significant negative correlation between protein content and relative seedling vigor (r = -0.379^**). Regression analysis indicated that the types with high starch content had higher relative seedling vigor, relative germination rate, relative germination time, and lower relative seedling vigor, relative germination rate, and chilling injury rate. The regression model demonstrated that the seed starch content was 72.0%-74.0%, the relative seedling vigor was ≥70.0%, the relative germination rate was ≥80.5%, and the chilling injury rate of relative seedling vigor and relative germination rate was ≤50.0% under 6℃ stress. Under low temperature stress, the higher seed starch content was helpful to improve seed germination and reduce chilling injury. The varieties with starch content of 72.0%-74.0% were recommended to meet the requirements of seed germination in Northeast China.

Key words: maize, germination, low temperature stress, seed morphology, storage substance, Northeast China

SONG Shi-Qin, YANG Qing-Long, WANG Dan, LYU Yan-Jie, XU Wen-Hua, WEI Wen-Wen, LIU Xiao-Dan, YAO Fan-Yun, CAO Yu-Jun, WANG Yong-Jun, WANG Li-Chun. Relationship between seed morphology, storage substance and chilling tolerance during germination of dominant maize hybrids in Northeast China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 726-738.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Maize hybrids and their breeding institutes tested in this study"

序号 Number	品种 Hybrid name	育种单位 Breeding institutes
1	丹玉311 Danyu 311	丹东农业科学院DAAS
2	丹玉336 Danyu 336	丹玉种业科技股份有限公司DST
3	沈玉21 Shenyu 21	沈阳市农业科学院SAAS
4	先玉335 Xianyu 335	铁岭先锋种子研究有限公司TPSR
5	辽单575 Liaodan 575	辽宁省农业科学院LAAS
6	辽单586 Liaodan 586	辽宁省农业科学院LAAS
7	辽单1258 Liaodan 1258	辽宁省农业科学院LAAS
8	辽单1281 Liaodan 1281	辽宁省农业科学院LAAS
9	辽单352 Liaodan 352	辽宁省农业科学院LAAS
10	吉单27 Jidan 27	吉农高新北方农作物优良品种开发中心JHTNCC
11	吉单953 Jidan 953	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
12	吉单50 Jidan 50	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
13	吉单95 Jidan 95	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
14	吉单96 Jidan 96	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
15	吉单56 Jidan 56	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
16	吉单558 Jidan 558	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
17	吉单441 Jidan 441	吉林省农业科学院JAAS
18	原单68 Yuandan 68	吉林省省原种业有限公司JSSI
19	吉东60 Jidong 60	吉东种业有限责任公司JSI
20	吉东66 Jidong 66	吉东种业有限责任公司JSI
21	垦吉267 Kenji 267	吉东种业有限责任公司JSI
22	垦吉268 Kenji 268	吉东种业有限责任公司JSI
23	垦吉269 Kenji 269	吉东种业有限责任公司JSI
24	鑫鑫1号 Xinxin 1	黑龙江省鑫鑫种子有限公司HXS
25	绥玉23 Suiyu 23	黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院SHAAS
26	绥玉29 Suiyu 29	黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院SHAAS
序号 Number	品种 Hybrid name	育种单位 Breeding institutes
27	绥玉35 Suiyu 35	黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院SHAAS
28	绥玉42 Suiyu 42	黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院SHAAS
29	克玉19 Keyu 19	黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院KHAAS
30	龙单42 Longdan 42	黑龙江省农业科学院HAAS
31	龙单67 Longdan 67	黑龙江省农业科学院HAAS
32	龙育7号 Longyu 7	黑龙江省农业科学院HAAS
33	嫩单22 Nendan 22	黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院QHAAS
34	垦单15 Kendan 15	黑龙江省农垦科学院HAALRS
35	庆单3号 Qingdan 3	大庆市庆发种业有限责任公司DQS
36	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	河南省农业科学院HNAAS

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Comprehensive index (CL), index weight R(i), and D-value of each variety"

品种 Cultivar	CL₁	CL₂	R₁	R₂	D值D-value
吉单56 Jidan 56	0.708	-0.078	1.000	0.463	0.912
垦吉267 Kenji 267	0.690	0.002	0.983	0.508	0.905
绥玉23 Suiyu 23	0.682	0.064	0.974	0.542	0.904
吉单953 Jidan 953	0.660	0.148	0.953	0.589	0.894
垦吉268 Kenji 268	0.655	0.154	0.948	0.593	0.890
吉单96 Jidan 96	0.641	0.132	0.935	0.581	0.877
吉单95 Jidan 95	0.622	0.103	0.916	0.564	0.858
先玉335 Xianyu 335	0.590	-0.078	0.885	0.463	0.816
吉单441 Jidan 441	0.581	-0.076	0.876	0.464	0.808
吉单558 Jidan 558	0.546	0.221	0.841	0.631	0.807
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	0.555	0.026	0.850	0.521	0.796
鑫鑫1号 Xinxin 1	0.539	-0.183	0.834	0.403	0.764
吉东66 Jidong 66	0.450	0.388	0.748	0.724	0.744
丹玉311 Danyu 311	0.519	-0.286	0.815	0.346	0.738
垦吉269 Kenji 269	0.429	0.271	0.727	0.659	0.716
吉东60 Jidong 60	0.428	0.040	0.726	0.529	0.694
龙单42 Longdan 42	0.449	-0.486	0.746	0.233	0.663
绥玉42 Suiyu 42	0.316	0.495	0.616	0.784	0.644
龙育7号 Longyu 7	0.266	0.470	0.567	0.771	0.601
绥玉35 Suiyu 35	0.232	0.536	0.534	0.807	0.579
辽单586 Liaodan 586	0.235	0.383	0.536	0.721	0.567
吉单27 Jidan 27	0.176	0.879	0.479	1.000	0.564
龙单67 Longdan 67	0.373	-0.901	0.672	0.000	0.562
丹玉336 Danyu 336	0.270	-0.030	0.571	0.489	0.558
辽单575 Liaodan 575	0.230	0.310	0.532	0.680	0.557
辽单352 Liaodan 352	0.224	0.350	0.526	0.703	0.555
原单68 Yuandan 68	0.176	0.230	0.479	0.636	0.505
辽单1258 Liaodan 1258	0.205	-0.081	0.508	0.461	0.500
沈玉21 Shenyu 21	0.115	0.208	0.419	0.623	0.452
辽单1281 Liaodan 1281	0.089	0.319	0.394	0.686	0.442
吉单50 Jidan 50	-0.046	0.607	0.262	0.847	0.357
品种 Cultivar	CL₁	CL₂	R₁	R₂	D值D-value
克玉19 Keyu 19	-0.028	0.327	0.279	0.690	0.346
庆单3号 Qingdan 3	-0.069	0.507	0.239	0.791	0.329
绥玉29 Suiyu 29	-0.066	0.309	0.242	0.680	0.313
嫩单22 Nendan 22	-0.288	0.165	0.024	0.599	0.118
垦单15 Kendan 15	-0.313	0.139	0.000	0.585	0.096

Table 5

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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指标 Index	处理 Treatment	最大值 Max. (%)	最小值 Min. (%)	平均值 Mean (%)	变异系数 CV (%)
发芽势SV	适温Ambient temperature	100.0	23.0	76.0	24.0
	低温Low temperature	93.0	0	43.0	70.0
发芽率GR	适温Ambient temperature	100.0	62.0	89.0	10.0
	低温Low temperature	98.0	1.0	60.0	44.0
相对发芽势RSV		99.0	0	54.0	60.0
相对发芽率RGR		100.0	2.0	67.0	41.0
相对发芽势冷害率RSCR		100.0	1.0	46.0	72.0
相对发芽冷害率RGCR		99.0	0	34.0	79.0
相对发芽时间RGT		77.0	1.0	52.0	41.0

指标Index	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇
X₁	1
X₂	0.696^**	1
X₃	0.911^**	0.548^**	1
X₄	0.712^**	0.958^**	0.607^**	1
X₅	-0.945^**	-0.666^**	-0.956^**	-0.718^**	1
X₆	-0.705^**	-0.962^**	-0.585^**	-0.994^**	0.715^**	1
X₇	0.673^**	0.965^**	0.522^**	0.970^**	-0.644^**	-0.976^**	1

主成分Principal component	I	II
特征值Eigen value	5.697	1.115
贡献率Variance contribution ratio	81.388	15.924
累积贡献率Accumulated variance contribution ratio	81.388	97.313
向量特征值Eigen vector X₁	0.155	-0.369
向量特征值Eigen vector X₂	0.162	0.296
向量特征值Eigen vector X₃	0.141	-0.513
向量特征值Eigen vector X₄	0.167	0.254
向量特征值Eigen vector X₅	-0.156	0.393
向量特征值Eigen vector X₆	-0.166	-0.270
向量特征值Eigen vector X₇	0.160	0.343

Relationship between seed morphology, storage substance and chilling tolerance during germination of dominant maize hybrids in Northeast China

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