Table 1

Primers used in this study"

Fig. 1

Chromosome mapping of STPs genes in foxtail millet"

Table 2

Basic physicochemical properties of STPs in foxtail millet"

Table 3

Secondary structure prediction and subcellular localization of STPs in foxtail millet"

Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree of STP gene family members in foxtail millet and other crops SiSTP1-SiSTP24 were members of foxtail millet STP family (red marks in the figure); SvSTP1-SvSTP26 were members of green foxtail STP family; SbSTP1-SbSTP23 were members of sorghum STP family; ZmSTP1-ZmSTP22 are members of maize STP family; TaSTP1-TaSTP33 were members of wheat STP family; OsSTP1-OsSTP27 were members of rice STP family."

Table 4

Protein motif analysis of 15 members of STPs gene family in foxtail millet"

Fig. 3

STPs gene structure and conserved domain in foxtail millet"

Fig. 4

Prediction of cis-acting elements in promoter of STPs gene family members in foxtail millet"

Fig. 5

Collinearity analysis of STPs in Setaria italica, Oryza sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana"

Table 5

Evolution selection pressure information of SiSTP, OsSTP, and AtSTP"

Fig. 6

Relative expression patterns of STPs genes in different tissues of foxtail millet Seed_30 and 60-day-after-maturation indicate seeds at 30 and 60 days after maturity, respectively. Immature-seed_S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 indicate immature seeds of S1-S5 stage, respectively. Immature-spikelet_S2, S4 indicate immature spikelet at S2 and S4 stage; Panicle_Primary- panicle-branch-differentiation-stage indicate the panicle at the initial spike branching and differentiation stages; Panicle_Third-panicle- branch-differentiation-stage indicate the panicle of the third panicle branching differentiation stage; Root_Filling-stage indicate roots at filling stage; Germinated-seeds_3-days indicates germinated seedlings for 3 days; Plant_one-tip-two-leaf indicates one tip two leaf of seedlings; Flag-leaf_filling-stage indicates flag leaf at filling stage; Leaf-top-foruth_filling-stage indicates fourth leaf at filling stage; Flag-leaf-sheath_filling-stage indicates leaf sheath at filling stage; Leaf-sheath-top-foruth_filling-stage indicates fourth parietal leaf sheath at filling stage; Leaf-top-2-3_2-days-after-heading indicates 2 and 3 top leaves two days after heading; Neck-panicle-internodes_Filling-stage indicates neck panicle-internodes at filling stage; Stem-top-second_Filling-stage indicates second section of stem at filling stage."

Fig. 7

Relative expression patterns of STPs genes under adversity stress in foxtail millet Fig. A is the relative expression analysis of low phosphorus stress, among which 0 h, 2 h, and 12 h represent the sampling time of 0, 2, and 12 hours, respectively; NP and LP represent normal phosphorus treatment and low phosphorus treatment, respectively. The Overground part and Root represent the aboveground part and Root system, respectively. Fig. B is the expression analysis of Drought stress, among which Control and Drought represent the control group and Drought treatment group, respectively. R and S represent drought-resistant and drought-sensitive varieties, respectively. M, N, and E represent different sampling time and illumination: (morning) medium illumination, (afternoon) strong illumination, and (evening) weak illumination, respectively."

Fig. 8

Relative expression patterns of STPs genes under adversity stress in foxtail millet Control and Downy mildew represent the control group and Sclerospora graminicola infection treatment group, respectively; R and S represent resistant and sensitive varieties, respectively; 3, 5, and 7 represent the 3, 5, and 7 leaf stages of different sampling time, respectively."

Fig. 9

Relative expression patterns of SiSTP4, SiSTP9, SiSTP19, and SiSTP23 genes under low phosphorus, drought, and adversity stresses in foxtail millet A: low phosphorus stress; B: drought stress; C: sclerospora graminicola infection. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Figs. 7 and 8."