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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 784-794.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21009

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses and water and fertilizer integration on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat

WANG Xue1(), GU Shu-Bo1, LIN Xiang2, WANG Wei-Yan2, ZHANG Bao-Jun2, ZHU Jun-Ke3, WANG Dong2,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    3Zibo Hefeng Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Linzi 255000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-01-29 Accepted:2022-06-07 Online:2023-03-12 Published:2022-07-07
  • Contact: WANG Dong E-mail:1643354122@qq.com;wangd@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research & Development Program Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202010);Key Research & Development Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2021ZDLNY01-05)

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses and water and fertilizer integration on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat, different water and fertilizer management models were tested in winter wheat growing season from 2019 to 2021. Taking Shannong 29 as the experimental material and adopting the split zone design, two main areas of border irrigation (W1) and supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses (W2), and two sub areas of uniform nitrogen supply with water during jointing (T1) and local nitrogen supply with furrow and strip application (T2) were set. The results showed that compared with W1 treatment, the irrigation amount during the whole growth period of W2 treatment decreased by 53.3 mm and 45.9 mm, saving water by 35.5% and 30.6% in two years, respectively. Under the same irrigation mode, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen in 0-80 cm soil layer at flowering stage and 0-120 cm soil layer at maturity stage in T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in T1 treatment. In W1 mode, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer of T1 treatment at flowering and maturity stages was significantly higher than that in non-fertilization row of T2 treatment, the root length density and root surface area density in 0-100 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages were significantly higher than those in fertilization row and non-fertilization row of T2 treatment, the root activity, nitrogen assimilation, and nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to seeds in 0-20 cm soil layer after flowering. There were no significant differences in nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency, and grain yield between T2 treatment and T2 treatment. Under W2 mode, the soil nitrate nitrogen content of 0-60 cm soil layer in T1 treatment at flowering and maturity stages was significantly higher than that of non-fertilization row in T2 treatment. The root length density and root surface area density of 0-100 cm soil layer at flowering and maturity stages were significantly higher than that of fertilization row and non-fertilization row in T2 treatment. The root activity, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to seeds in 0-20 cm soil layer after flowering, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity, water use efficiency, and grain yield were significantly higher than those of T2 treatment. In conclusion, the above results showed that under the condition of traditional border irrigation, there was no significant difference in grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency between uniform nitrogen supply with water and topdressing at jointing stage and local nitrogen supply with furrow and strip application. Under the condition of micro spray supplementary irrigation and water saving, the uniform nitrogen supply with water and topdressing at jointing stage was significantly better than the local nitrogen supply of furrow and strip application. The integration of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses and topdressing of fertilizer (supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses + uniform topdressing nitrogen with irrigation water at jointing stage) optimized the spatial distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen, which could maintain a high nitrogen supply level in the middle and late growth stage of wheat, significantly improve the absorption area and intensity of roots, and increase the amount of nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to grains after flowering, thus grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency were improved simultaneously.

Key words: winter wheat, water and fertilizer integration, nitrate nitrogen, root, nitrogen redistribution

Table 1

Soil nutrient content in 0-20 cm soil layer before sowing"

年度
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Hydrolysable nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)
2019-2020 1.64 1.15 97.80 46.69 182.22
2020-2021 1.83 1.25 98.82 42.06 190.02

Table 2

Precipitation at different growth stages of winter wheat (mm)"

年份
Year		 生育阶段Growth stages
播种期-越冬期S-W 越冬期-拔节期W-J 拔节期-开花期J-A 开花期-成熟期A-M
2019-2020 54.80 66.00 26.60 58.10
2020-2021 70.60 54.00 34.30 16.20

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of fertilization and sampling for different treatments Gray scatter points indicate the distribution area of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, the black strips represent the micro-spray hoses, and the rows indicated by the red arrows are the sampling rows for soil samples and root samples. W1: border irrigation; W2: supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses; T1: uniform nitrogen supply; T2: local nitrogen supply."

Fig. 2

Effects of different treatments on soil nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-200 cm soil layer at anthesis and maturity stages R: fertilization side; L: unfertilization side."

Fig. 3

Effects of different treatments on root length density in the 0-100 cm soil layer at anthesis and maturity stages R: fertilization side; L: unfertilization side. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Effects of different treatments on root surface area density in the 0-100 cm soil layer at anthesis and maturity stages R: fertilization side; L: unfertilization side. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on root vigour in the 0-20 cm soil layer after anthesis R: fertilization side; L: unfertilization side."

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on storage nitrogen redistribution in vegetative organs after anthesis"

年度
Year (Y)		 处理Treatment
(T)		 成熟期籽粒氮素积累量
Accumulation of nitrogen in grain at maturity
(kg hm-2)		 开花前营养器官贮藏氮素
Pre-anthesis reserves		 花后同化氮素
Post-anthesis assimilates		 氮素收获指数Nitrogen harvest index
(%)
向籽粒转运量
Translocated to grain
(kg hm-2)		 转运率
Translocation proportion
(%)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate to grain
(%)		 输入籽粒量
Allocation to grain
(kg hm-2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate to grain
(%)
2019-2020
 W1T1 226.7 b 164.0 a 70.7 b 72.4 b 62.7 b 27.6 b 76.9 b
W1T2 221.1 b 163.9 a 71.0 ab 74.1 b 57.2 b 25.9 b 76.8 b
W2T1 234.6 a 161.7 a 70.6 b 68.9 c 72.9 a 31.1 a 77.7 a
W2T2 201.0 c 154.4 b 71.6 a 76.8 a 46.6 c 23.2 c 76.6 b
2020-2021
 W1T1 240.9 b 175.5 a 70.8 a 72.8 b 65.4 b 27.2 b 76.9 ab
W1T2 235.0 b 174.8 a 71.0 a 74.4 b 60.2 b 25.6 b 76.7 b
W2T1 249.5 a 174.7 a 70.6 a 70.0 c 74.8 a 30.0 a 77.4 a
W2T2 207.7 c 164.7 b 71.2 a 75.6 a 53.0 c 24.4 c 76.6 b
Y * * NS NS * NS NS
W ** ** NS NS NS * NS
T ** ** * ** ** ** **
W×T * * NS * * ** NS

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on yield and yield components in winter wheat"

年度
Year (Y)		 处理
Treatment (T)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2019-2020 W1T1 760 a 31.0 a 44.1 b 9300 a
W1T2 756 a 31.2 a 43.5b 9294 a
W2T1 737 b 30.5 b 45.4 a 9265 a
W2T2 739 b 28.6 c 44.6 b 8547 b
2020-2021 W1T1 630 a 41.2 a 43.4 c 9826 a
W1T2 626 a 41.4 a 43.2 c 9802 a
W2T1 592 b 39.9 b 45.5 a 9787 a
W2T2 596 b 37.3 c 44.2 b 9234 b
Y ** ** NS *
W * ** ** **
T NS ** * **
W×T NS * NS *

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on water and nitrogen utilization efficiency"

年度
Year (Y)		 处理
Treatment (T)		 氮素吸收效率
NUpE
(%)		 氮素利用率
NUE
(kg hm-2)		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPn
(kg hm-2)		 水分利用效率
WUE
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2019-2020 W1T1 79.9 b 25.2 a 48.4 a 18.8 b
W1T2 78.0 c 25.2 a 48.4 a 18.1 b
W2T1 81.9 a 25.1 a 48.3 a 19.9 a
W2T2 71.1 d 23.2 b 44.5 b 18.2 b
2020-2021 W1T1 83.1 b 26.6 a 51.2 a 18.2 b
W1T2 81.3 c 26.6 a 51.1 a 18.4 b
W2T1 85.5 a 26.5 a 51.0 a 19.0 a
W2T2 75.4 d 25.0 b 48.1 b 17.8 b
Y ** * * NS
W * ** ** NS
T ** * ** NS
W×T * * * *
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