施氮量对高粱籽粒灌浆及淀粉累积的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24152

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of N application level on grain-filling and starch accumulation in individual sorghum grains, sorghum variety Fenjiuliang 1 was used as the experimental material in 2019 and 2020. Six N rates of 0, 75, 150, 225, 300, and 450 kg N hm^-2 were applied before sowing to experimental plots in Shanxi, China. To analyze sorghum grain-filling and starch accumulation by the Richards’ growth equation, the superior and inferior spikelets were sampled at seven days intervals at each sampling from anthesis to maturity. The rational N application level (75 kg N hm^-2) showed the maximum grain number per panicle resulting in the maximum yield per hectare. For both superior and inferior spikelets, N had similar effects on grain weight, grain morphology structure, the characteristics of grain-filling, and grain starch accumulation. The grain weight, grain volume, and grain-filling rate increased with the increase of N application rate, whereas the maximum grain weight and grain volume was obtained with the zero N treatment. The grain starch accumulation rate was highly correlated with the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and soluble starch synthase (SSS). Compared to the zero N treatment, N application enhanced grain starch accumulation rate at early grain-filling stage and grain-filling rate, which may be due to the increased AGPase and SSS activity at the early grain-filling stage. Compared with rational N (75 kg N hm^-2), excessive N (450 kg N hm^-2) promoted grain starch accumulation by enhancing the activity of AGPase and SSS at the early grain filling stage, whereas zero N application enhanced sorghum grain weight and grain starch accumulation by extending the grain-filling duration and enhancing the activity of key enzymes in grain involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion at the late grain-filling stage.

Key words: sorghum, nitrogen, superior grains, inferior grains, grain filling, grain morphology, starch accumulation, starch biosynthesis enzymes

WANG Yuan, WANG Jin-Song, DONG Er-Wei, LIU Qiu-Xia, WU Ai-Lian, JIAO Xiao-Yan. Effect of nitrogen application level on grain starch accumulation at grain filling stage in sorghum spikelets[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 1968-1978.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Effect of N application on the structure of sorghum grains and the characteristics of grain-filling in 2019 and 2020"

年份 Year	穗位 Spikelet position	处理 N treatment (kg hm^-2)	单粒重 Weight per grain (mg)	籽粒体积 Volume per grain (mm³)	籽粒密度 Grain density (g L^-1)	活跃灌浆期 Active grain-filling period (d)	灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	R²
2019	优势粒 Superior spikelets	0	20.3±0.17 d	16.83±0.17 d	1192.9±33.2 a	36.4±0.8 c	0.601±0.020 a	0.995^**
		75	18.6±0.11 ab	15.00±0.50 b	1240.0±24.7 ab	33.2±1.2 b	0.604±0.016 a	0.998^**
		150	18.1±0.30 a	13.40±0.23 a	1327.1±11.2 c	29.2±0.4 a	0.638±0.012 b	0.996^**
		225	18.0±0.20 a	14.83±0.09 b	1245.5±11.2 ab	29.9±1.1 a	0.623±0.018 b	0.997^**
		300	18.9±0.20 bc	14.87±0.13 b	1238.7±7.9 ab	31.8±1.1 ab	0.627±0.021 b	0.996^**
		450	19.3±0.22 c	15.82±0.22 c	1261.0±4.1 b	31.5±0.6 ab	0.637±0.025 b	0.997^**
	劣势粒 Inferior spikelets	0	18.2±0.18 c	15.50±0.29 c	1215.3±18.9 a	44.0±0.5 c	0.416±0.012 a	0.997^**
		75	16.7±0.07 a	14.67±0.73 bc	1192.6±43.1 a	36.9±0.9 a	0.472±0.014 cd	0.998^**
		150	16.7±0.10 a	12.92±0.36 a	1333.5±43.7 b	38.1±0.9 ab	0.452±0.013 b	0.996^**
		225	16.7±0.03 a	14.33±0.17 bc	1192.8±17.0 a	39.3±0.2 b	0.443±0.012 b	0.994^**
		300	16.9±0.03 a	14.00±0.12 ab	1239.4±12.4 ab	39.0±0.5 b	0.461±0.017 bc	0.995^**
		450	17.6±0.26 b	14.67±0.44 bc	1239.1±24.9 ab	38.6±0.2 ab	0.481±0.022 c	0.998^**
2020	优势粒 Superior spikelets	0	20.4±0.26 c	18.50±0.58 c	1103.0±41.2 a	40.6±0.3 c	0.578±0.013 a	0.996^**
		75	18.8±0.11 a	15.67±0.33 b	1200.8±24.9 ab	36.8±0.4 ab	0.623±0.014 b	0.997^**
		150	18.9±0.12 a	14.00±0.50 a	1352.0±45.4 c	36.6±0.5 ab	0.642±0.018 b	0.996^**
		225	18.7±0.17 a	14.83±0.60 ab	1264.2±60.8 bc	37.7±0.6 b	0.616±0.011 b	0.996^**
		300	19.3±0.19 ab	15.00±0.50 ab	1288.5±34.3 bc	35.5±0.4 a	0.591±0.018 b	0.997^**
		450	19.8±0.24 b	15.33±0.33 ab	1289.9±38.9 bc	35.7±0.4 a	0.608±0.014 b	0.995^**
	劣势粒 Inferior spikelets	0	18.8±0.06 c	16.83±0.33 b	1119.4±18.1 a	46.3±0.4 d	0.400±0.009 a	0.994^**
		75	17.6±0.24 a	14.33±0.33 a	1232.0±30.2 b	42.4±0.3 bc	0.408±0.008 a	0.996^**
		150	18.3±0.28 b	14.83±0.44 a	1234.1±30.8 b	40.3±0.9 a	0.451±0.011 a	0.998^**
		225	18.1±0.05 ab	14.67±0.44 a	1233.3±34.0 b	40.8±0.7 ab	0.437±0.010 ab	0.996^**
		300	18.0±0.08 ab	14.83±0.17 a	1215.7±8.9 b	40.6±0.1 a	0.438±0.013 b	0.995^**
		450	19.1±0.11 c	15.17±0.17 a	1261.3±7.2 b	43.1±0.4 c	0.428±0.014 b	0.995^**
方差分析ANOVA
Panicle position (P)			**	**	*	**	**
N treatment (N)			**	**	**	**	**
Year (Y)			**	**	NS	**	**
N×P			*	NS	NS	NS	NS
N×Y			*	*	*	NS	NS
P×Y			**	NS	NS	**	NS
N×P×Y			NS	NS	NS	**	NS

Table 1

Fig. 3

Table 2

Fig. 4

Table 3

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花后天数 Days post-anthesis	处理 N treatment (kg hm^-2)	酶活性Enzyme activity
花后天数 Days post-anthesis	处理 N treatment (kg hm^-2)	ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (μmol grain^-1 h^-1)	可溶性淀粉合酶 Soluble starch synthase (μmol grain^-1 h^-1)	颗粒结合淀粉合酶 Granule-bound starch synthase (μmol grain^-1 h^-1)	淀粉分支酶 Starch branching enzyme (U grain^-1 min^-1)
14 d	N0	0.258±0.007 a	0.21±0.013 a	0.13±0.0061 b	185.8±14.2 ab
	N75	0.346±0.026 a	0.27±0.011 a	0.1±0.005 a	233.6±12.4 b
	N450	0.549±0.025 b	0.37±0.035 b	0.16±0.0038 c	151.3±23.1 a
21 d	N0	0.211±0.007 a	0.23±0.02 ab	0.18±0.006 b	406.5±15.2 b
	N75	0.227±0.009 a	0.20±0.022 a	0.14±0.003 a	318.1±21.1 a
	N450	0.258±0.013 b	0.31±0.033 b	0.20±0.004 c	327.8±5.2 a
28 d	N0	0.200±0.011 b	0.18±0.013 a	0.14±0.002 a	452.1±25.7 b
	N75	0.105±0.041 a	0.15±0.013 a	0.13±0.005 a	441.7±8.3 b
	N450	0.128±0.036 a	0.19±0.012 a	0.13±0.011 a	367.2±9.5 a

酶活性 Activity of enzymes	淀粉累积速率 Starch accumulation rate
酶活性 Activity of enzymes	N0	N75	N450	所有处理All treatment
ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	0.935^*	0.979^**	0.950^*	0.989^**
可溶性淀粉合酶Soluble starch synthase	0.868	0.977^**	0.976^**	0.960^**
颗粒结合淀粉合酶Granulebound starch synthase	0.631	0.412	0.785	0.652
淀粉分支酶Starch branching enzyme	0.220	0.240	0.065	0.166

Effect of nitrogen application level on grain starch accumulation at grain filling stage in sorghum spikelets

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