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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 2528-2538.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24243

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root morphological structure and grain yield in sorghum

FANG Meng-Ying1(), REN Liang1,2, LU Lin1, DONG Xue-Rui1, WU Zhi-Hai2, YAN Peng1,*(), DONG Zhi-Qiang1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Accepted:2023-02-10 Online:2023-09-12 Published:2023-02-23
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000801);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1001703)

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Abstract:

Shaping good root structure is the key problem to play the high yield potential of sorghum and increase the yield of grain sorghum. To investigate the effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium (ECK) on sorghum root morphology and yield, field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 using the medium to tall sorghum variety Liaoza 19 (LZ19) and the dwarf variety Liaoza 37 (LZ37). A randomized zonal experimental design was used to set up the ECK treatment with a foliar spray of 0.75 L hm-2 at the five-leaf stage of sorghum and a control spray with an equal amount of clean water (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, sorghum root dry weight showed a gradual decrease from the flowering stage. ECK significantly increased root dry weight of LZ19 and LZ37 at filling and maturity stages by 11.4% and 19.7%, 10.6% and 9.9%, respectively. ECK increased root length and root surface area of fine and medium roots (root system diameter < 4 mm) of LZ19 and root length, root surface area, and root volume of LZ37 at different diameters at grain filling stage. At maturity stage, ECK increased root length, root surface area, root volume, and root mean diameter of LZ19 and that of LZ37, and the increase of system morphological indexes was the largest in the two varieties. ECK treatment increased the yield of LZ19 by 3.3% and 13.4%, and LZ37 by 11.4% and 9.8% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared with CK. In conclusion, ECK treatment promoted sorghum root development and significantly increased sorghum yields, which can be used as an important cultivation measure for sorghum root promotion and yield increase in summer sown areas.

Key words: sorghum, ethylene-chlormequat-potassium, root, grain yield

Fig. 1

Daily average air temperature and precipitation during sorghum growing season in 2020 and 2021"

Fig. 2

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root morphology of sorghum variety Liaoza 19 and Liaoza 37 at maturity stage CK: control; ECK: ethylene-chlormequat-potassium treatment."

Fig. 3

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root dry weight of sorghum variety Liaoza 19 and Liaoza 37 at flowering, grain-filling, and maturity stages CK: control treatment; ECK: ethylene-chlormequat-potassium treatment; LZ37: Liaoza 37; LZ19: Liaoza 19. ns means not significant at the 0.05 probability level. * and ** mean significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively."

Table 1

Effect of ECK on root morphology of sorghum at flowering stage"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length (cm)		 根表面积
Total surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根系直径
Root diameter (mm)
辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 3560.1 a 932.2 a 21.5 a 0.80 a
ECK 3239.8 a 877.2 a 21.6 a 0.85 a
均值Average value 3399.9 B 904.7 A 21.6 A 0.83 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 4262.9 a 1046.9 a 22.7 a 0.73 a
ECK 4243.6 a 1015.8 a 21.2 a 0.72 a
均值Average value 4253.2 A 1031.4 A 21.9 A 0.73 A

Table 2

Effect of ECK on root morphology of sorghum at grain-filling stage"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length (cm)		 根表面积
Total surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根系直径
Root diameter (mm)
辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 2422.8 a 710.9 a 18.9 a 0.86 a
ECK 2654.5 a 732.7 a 18.2 a 0.83 a
均值Average value 2538.6 B 721.8 B 18.6 A 0.84 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 3078.2 b 775.5 b 16.9 b 0.75 a
ECK 4587.2 a 1169.7 a 26.2 a 0.77 a
均值Average value 3832.7 A 972.6 A 21.5 A 0.76 A

Table 3

Effect of ECK on root morphology of sorghum at maturity stage in 2021"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length (cm)		 根表面积
Total surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根系直径
Root diameter (mm)
辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 2188.0 b 563.6 b 12.7 b 0.73 b
ECK 2693.0 a 792.6 a 20.5 a 0.89 a
均值Average value 2440.5 B 678.1 B 16.6 B 0.81 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 3621.7 b 972.3 b 22.3 b 0.80 a
ECK 4439.8 a 1232.2 a 29.1 a 0.84 a
均值Average value 4030.8 A 1102.3 A 25.7 A 0.82 A

Table 4

Effect of ECK on root parameter under different diameter of sorghum at flowering stage"

根系形态
Root morphology index		 品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根系直径Root diameter (mm)
0<D≤0.5 0.5<D≤4 D>4
根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 2379.3 a 997.7 a 181.8 a
ECK 2146.0 a 914.0 a 178.6 a
均值 Average value 2262.6 B 955.9 A 180.2 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 3058.8 a 981.2 a 220.9 a
ECK 3054.7 a 985.3 a 201.8 a
均值 Average value 3056.8 A 983.2 A 211.4 A
根表面积
Total surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 92.0 a 516.5 a 283.2 a
ECK 82.5 a 470.3 a 286.7 a
均值 Average value 87.2 B 493.4 A 284.9 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 111.3 a 541.2 a 347.1 a
ECK 114.7 a 551.6 a 304.7 a
均值 Average value 113.0 A 546.4 A 325.9 A
根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 0.5 a 29.2 a 35.9 a
ECK 0.4 a 26.3 a 37.9 a
均值 Average value 0.5 B 27.7 A 36.9 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 0.6 a 32.2 a 44.5 a
ECK 0.6 a 33.4 a 37.3 a
均值 Average value 0.6 A 32.8 A 40.9 A

Table 5

Effect of ECK on root parameter under different diameter of sorghum at grain-filling stage"

根系形态
Root morphology index		 品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根系直径Root diameter (mm)
0<D≤0.5 0.5<D≤4 D>4
根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 1527.1 a 754.8 a 140.3 a
ECK 1700.9 a 825.0 a 127.8 a
均值 Average value 1614.0 B 789.9 B 134.1 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 2072.7 b 873.3 b 131.1 b
ECK 3176.8 a 1168.0 a 240.4 a
均值 Average value 2624.8 A 1020.6 A 185.8 A
根表面积
Total surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 59.1 a 376.2 a 238.6 a
ECK 64.1 a 429.0 a 201.6 a
均值 Average value 61.6 B 402.6 B 220.1 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 78.9 b 455.1 b 206.0 b
ECK 117.0 a 628.9 a 372.3 a
均值 Average value 97.9 A 542.0 A 289.1 A
根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 0.3 a 20.7 a 33.7 a
ECK 0.3 a 24.1 a 26.3 a
均值 Average value 0.3 B 22.4 B 30.0 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 0.5 b 25.7 b 26.5 b
ECK 0.6 a 36.7 a 47.0 a
均值 Average value 0.5 A 31.2 A 36.7 A

Table 6

Effect of ECK on root parameter under different diameter of sorghum at maturity stage"

根系形态
Root morphology index		 品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根系直径Root diameter (mm)
0<D≤0.5 0.5<D≤4 D>4
根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 1416.6 b 676.9 b 93.9 b
ECK 1643.4 a 902.0 a 146.8 a
均值 Average value 1530.0 B 789.4 B 120.3 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 2398.8 b 1037.1 a 184.5 b
ECK 3008.4 a 1160.1 a 269.2 a
均值 Average value 2703.6 A 1098.6 A 226.9 A
根表面积
Total surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 54.8 b 337.7 b 147.2 b
ECK 65.7 a 469.0 a 223.3 a
均值 Average value 60.3 B 403.3 B 185.3 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 90.1 b 544.3 a 291.5 b
ECK 113.3 a 626.4 a 434.0 a
均值 Average value 101.7 A 585.4 A 362.8 A
根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 0.3 a 18.6 b 18.9 b
ECK 0.4 a 26.5 a 27.7 a
均值 Average value 0.3 B 22.5 B 23.3 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 0.5 b 31.3 a 37.8 b
ECK 0.6 a 36.7 a 57.9 a
均值 Average value 0.5 A 34.0 A 47.9 A

Fig. 4

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on grain yield of sorghum variety LZ19 and LZ37 CK: control treatment; ECK: ethylene-chlormequat-potassium treatment; LZ37: Liaoza 37; LZ19: Liaoza 19. ns: not significant at the 0.05 probability level. *, **, and *** mean significant differences at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively."

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