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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2883-2895.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34211

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of exogenous SA on physiological characteristics and stress-resistant gene expression of soybean under Cd stress

WANG Zi-Ran1(), LU Yi-Wei2, YANG Jing-Yi1, WANG Cheng-Long1, SONG Ya-Ping1, MA Jin-Hu3,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences / National Millet Improvement Center / Hebei Coarse Cereals Research Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China
    3College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-12-18 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2024-11-12 Published:2024-07-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: mjh109@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(201803D221011-5)

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Abstract:

This study investigated the impact of cadmium (Cd) stress on soybean seed germination and early seedling growth, and examined the potential alleviating effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA). The experiment utilized the soybean variety ‘Zhonghuang 13’ and employed both paper germination and hydroponic methods. Various aspects including the antioxidant system, photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient absorption and transport, and stress resistance gene expression were analyzed under the influence of Cd and exogenous SA. Results showed that 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2 stress led to oxidative damage in soybean embryos and seedlings, hindering nutrient absorption and transport as well as reducing photosynthesis, consequently inhibiting seed germination and early seedling growth. However, the addition of 50 μmol L-1 SA mitigated the oxidative stress caused by Cd, resulting in reduced Cd accumulation, enhanced nutrient absorption, and improved photosynthesis. Specifically, under Cd stress, the application of SA decreased the levels of H2O2, O2-, and MDA in both leaves and roots, while also reducing Cd content in the leaves and increasing the contents of essential elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Zn. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and maximum photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were significantly improved with SA treatment compared to Cd stress alone. Exogenous SA up-regulated the expression of antioxidant system genes in soybean seedlings while down-regulating the expression of Cd transporter genes DMT, IRT, and MT1. This led to an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, a reduction in Cd absorption by seedlings, promotion of nutrient absorption and transport, enhancement of photosynthesis, and alleviation of stress damage caused by Cd during soybean seed germination and early seedling growth.

Key words: soybean, salicylic acid, cadmium stress, seed germination, seedling growth, gene expression

Table 1

Primers for qRT-PCR"

基因Gene name 正向引物Forward primer (5°-3°) 反向引物Reverse primer (5°-3°)
GmActin CAATCCCAAGGCCAACAGA ATGGCAGGCACATTGAAAGTC
GmSodb2 GCAACACAATTTGGTTCAGG AAGGAGGATTTGCTGCATTT
GmCAT1 AAGTGTGCCCATCACAACAATC AGAACGATCAGCCTGAGACC
GmPOD TGCTTTGTTCAAGGTTGTGA CTCAGGTCCAAATTGGTGAG
GmIRT TCTCCGTCACAACCCCAT CACCAGCACCCAAAAACA
GmDMT GAAGATAGTGGTGGTCGG TCTAAGTTTCCAGGGTCC
GmMT1 CGCTGAGAAGACAACCACAGAGAC CCACAGTTGCAGCCACCGTTC

Fig. 1

Effects of different concentrations of Cd2 + on the germination of soybean seeds 0: deionized water; 1: 1 μmol L-1 CdCl2; 2.5: 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2; 5: 5 μmol L-1 CdCl2; 10: 10 μmol L-1 CdCl2."

Table 2

Effects of different concentrations of Cd on the germination of soybean seeds"

Cd浓度
Cd concentration
(μmol L-1)		 发芽率
Germination rate
(%)		 发芽势
Sprouting potential
(%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 活力指数
Vitality index
0 80.00±0.03 a 42.22±0.02 a 6.88±0.30 a 6.43±0.02 a 44.31±1.98 a
1.0 75.56±0.05 a 37.78±0.02 a 6.22±0.24 a 6.13±0.03 b 38.19±1.48 b
2.5 53.33±0.03 b 22.22±0.02 b 4.05±0.38 b 4.19±0.05 c 17.01±1.63 c
5.0 40.00±0.03 b 15.56±0.02 b 2.88±0.52 c 2.31±0.06 d 6.69±1.22 d
10.0 12.33±0.03 c 6.67±0.03 c 0.83±0.16 d 1.11±0.03 e 0.93±0.18 e

Fig. 2

Effects of different concentrations of SA on soybean seed germination under cadmium stress CK: deionized water; 0: 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2; 10: 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2+10 μmol L-1 SA; 50: 50 μmol L-1 SA; 100: 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2+100 μmol L-1 SA."

Table 3

Effects of different concentrations of SA on soybean seed germination under cadmium stress"

处理
Treatment (μmol L-1)		 发芽率
Germination rate (%)		 发芽势
Sprouting potential (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 根长
Root length (cm)		 活力指数
Vitality index
CK 80.00±0.04 a 42.22±0.02 a 6.88±0.31 a 6.48±0.03 a 44.69±2.00 a
2.5 CdCl2 53.33±0.04 b 22.22±0.02 c 4.05±0.39 b 4.13±0.08 b 16.75±1.60 b
2.5 CdCl2+10 SA 48.89±0.02 b 17.18±0.02 c 3.72±0.11 b 4.22±0.06 b 15.71±0.46 b
2.5 CdCl2+50 SA 82.22±0.02 a 42.44±0.04 a 6.88±0.15 a 6.28±0.04 a 43.26±0.92 a
2.5 CdCl2+100 SA 55.56±0.06 b 26.67±0.04 b 4.11±0.40 b 3.85±0.11 c 15.83±1.54 b

Fig. 3

Effects of exogenous SA on active oxygen content of soybean seed embryos under Cd stress CK: control; Cd: 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2; Cd+SA: 2.5 μmol L-1 CdCl2+50 μmol L-1 SA; SA: 50 μmol L-1 SA. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 4

Effects of exogenous SA antioxidant enzyme system in soybean seed embryos under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 5

Effects of exogenous SA on the phenotype and dry weight of soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 6

Effects of exogenous SA on leaf area and main root length of soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 7

Effects of exogenous SA on active oxygen content of soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 8

Effects of exogenous SA on antioxidant enzyme system in soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 9

Effects of exogenous SA on the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 10

Effects of exogenous SA on element content in soybean roots under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 11

Effects of exogenous SA on element content in soybean leaves under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 12

Effects of exogenous SA on the expression of transporter genes in soybean leaves under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 13

Effects of exogenous SA on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Fig. 14

Chlorophyll fluorescence diagram of soybean leaves under different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3."

Fig. 15

Effects of exogenous SA on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of soybean seedlings under Cd stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different letters within the same group indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

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