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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 981-990.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31042

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different sowing space on photosynthetic characteristics after anthesis and grain yield of wheat

ZHANG Zhen1(), ZHAO Jun-Ye2,*(), SHI Yu1, ZHANG Yong-Li1, YU Zhen-Wen1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2023-02-16 Accepted:2023-04-17 Online:2024-04-12 Published:2023-11-13
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhaojunye@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172114);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601243);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03);Special funds for Taishan Scholars Project

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of different sowing width on wheat grain yield and its physiological causes, in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 winter wheat growing seasons, two sowing treatments were set under field test conditions at Shijiawangzi Wheat Test Station, Xiaomeng Town, Yanzhou District, Jining City, Shandong Province. Treatment 1 was 8 cm (B1); Treatment 2 is broadcast at 3 cm (B2). The effects of different sowing plots on photosynthetic characteristics, canopy light interception characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport, and grain yield of wheat were studied. The results showed that the leaf area index and photosynthetically active radiation interception rate of B1 treatment were significantly higher than those of B2 treatment, and the photosynthetically active radiation transmittance of B1 treatment was significantly lower than that of B2 treatment. The relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaves under B1 treatment were significantly higher than B2 treatment, and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly lower than B2 treatment. Dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity, dry matter distribution in seeds after anthesis and dry matter accumulation at maturity were significantly higher under B1 treatment than B2 treatment. The number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of B1 treatment were significantly higher than those of B2 treatment. Compared with B2 treatment, the two-year average grain yield and light energy utilization rate of B1 treatment increased by 6.12% and 7.71%, respectively. In summary, B1 treatment with a sowing width of 8 cm can shape a reasonable canopy structure, improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves after anthesis, and facilitate the production of photosynthetic substances of plants after anthesis, thus obtaining the highest grain yield and light energy utilization rate, which is the optimal treatment under the conditions of this experiment. This research provides a theoretical basis for wide-sowing technology of wheat with water-saving, high-yield and high-efficiency.

Key words: wheat, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport, grain yield

Fig. 1

Leaf area index after anthesis under different treatments B1: the broadcast width is 8 cm; B2: the broadcast width is 3 cm. A and B represent the leaf area index after anthesis in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons, respectively. The data shown in the figure are all three replicates of each treatment. ** indicate significant differences between different treatments at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 2

Intercept rate and transmittance of photosynthetic effective radiation of canopy after anthesis under different treatments A, B, C and D represent the intercept rate and transmittance of photosynthetic effective radiation of canopy after anthesis in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons, respectively. The data shown in the figure are all three replicates of each treatment. ** indicates significant differences between different treatments at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 3

Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of flag leaves after anthesis under different treatments A and B represent the relative chlorophyll content of flag leaves after anthesis in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons, respectively. The data shown in the figure are all three replicates of each treatment. ** indicates significant differences between different treatments at the 0.01 probability level."

Fig. 4

The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of flag leaf after anthesis under different treatments A, C, E, and G represent the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of flag leaves after anthesis in the 2019-2020 growing season, respectively; B, D, F and H represent the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of flag leaves after anthesis in the 2020-2021 growing season, respectively. The data shown in the figure are all three replicates of each treatment. * and ** indicate significant differences between different treatments at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively."

Table 1

Dry matter accumulation in anthesis and maturity of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation amount (kg hm-2)
开花期 Anthesis 成熟期 Maturity
2019-2020 B1 13,468.22 a 19,518.79 a
B2 12,444.63 b 18,059.69 b
2020-2021 B1 14,451.76 a 22,673.16 a
B2 13,353.42 b 20,945.94 b

Table 2

Dry matter allocation amounts from vegetative organs after anthesis under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花前营养器官贮藏同化物
Pre-anthesis reserves		 开花后干物质
Post-anthesis assimilates
转运量
Translocated into
grain (kg hm-2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to
grain (%)		 籽粒中的分配量
Allocation to
grain (kg hm-2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to
grain (%)
2019-2020 B1 3283.41 a 35.18 b 6050.54 a 64.82 a
B2 3367.61 a 37.49 a 5615.06 b 62.51 a
2020-2021 B1 2152.22 a 20.75 b 8221.43 a 79.25 a
B2 2361.85 a 23.73 a 7592.52 b 76.27 a

Table 3

Dry matter accumulation amounts in different organs at maturity under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 成熟期干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation amounts in maturity (kg hm-2)
茎秆+叶鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗轴+颖壳
Spike axis and glume		 籽粒
Grain
2019-2020 B1 4759.94 a 1836.29 a 3168.63 a 9753.93 a
B2 4548.33 b 1697.61 b 2831.08 b 8982.67 b
2020-2021 B1 6100.18 a 1958.16 a 3805.76 a 10,809.06 a
B2 5785.97 b 1807.63 b 3397.97 b 9954.37 b

Table 4

Yield components, grain yield and light energy utilization under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 光能转化率
PCE
(g MJ-1)		 光能利用率
PUE
(g MJ-1)
2019-2020 B1 642.73 a 38.39 a 44.25 a 9333.90 a 2.34 a 1.05 a
B2 605.45 b 37.97 a 41.51 b 8795.33 b 2.31 a 0.98 b
2020-2021 B1 660.76 a 40.99 a 47.65 a 10,343.60 a 3.15 a 1.44 a
B2 622.44 b 40.54 a 43.70 b 9746.77 b 3.10 a 1.33 b
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