聚-γ-谷氨酸对水稻产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42022

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on rice yield, quality, and nutrient absorption, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for cultivating rice with high yield, superior quality, and efficient nutrient utilization. The field experiment was conducted in Huaqiao town, Wuxue county, Hubei province, from 2022 to 2023, using a randomized block design. The study included three rice varieties (Heixiandao (B), Gangteyou 8024 (R), and Huanghuazhan (H)) and two γ-PGA treatments (no application of γ-PGA fermentation solution (P0) and 25 kg hm^-2 γ-PGA fermentation solution (P1)). Dry matter mass, nitrogen accumulation, phosphorus accumulation, yield, appearance quality, grain protein content, and amylose content were analyzed. The results showed that γ-PGA application had a significant effect on rice yield in 2022, with P1 treatments increasing yield by 3.2%-10.8% compared to P0 treatments. However, there was no significant effect on yield in 2023. The dry matter mass of varieties B and R treated with γ-PGA was significantly higher than those without γ-PGA. Compared to BP0, the BP1 treatment significantly increased dry matter mass by 7.5%-8.5% at the full heading stage and by 5.9%-7.2% at the mature stage. Similarly, compared to RP0, the RP1 treatment significantly increased dry matter mass by 8.5%-8.8% at the full heading stage and by 3.3%-3.5% at the mature stage. γ-PGA application had no significant effect on the dry matter mass of variety H. Furthermore, γ-PGA significantly increased nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation. Compared to P0, the P1 treatments increased nitrogen accumulation by 12.5%-19.0% and phosphorus accumulation by 13.4%-20.3% at the full heading stage, and increased nitrogen accumulation by 7.2%-16.5% and phosphorus accumulation by 9.2%-29.0% at the mature stage. γ-PGA application also significantly enhanced amylose and protein content while reducing chalkiness degree and gel consistency, though it had no significant effects on grain length, grain width, or alkali spreading value. In conclusion, the application of γ-PGA significantly improved dry matter mass, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, and rice quality.

Key words: rice, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), yield, dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption

YANG Cui-Hua, LI Shi-Hao, YI Xu-Xu, ZHENG Fei-Xiong, DU Xue-Zhu, SHENG Feng. Effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid on rice yield, quality, and nutrient uptake[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(3): 785-796.

Figures/Tables 7

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年份 Year	生育期 Growth stage	指标 Indicator	品种 Variety	γ-PGA treatment	品种 × γ-PGA Variety × γ-PGA
2022		产量 Yield	871.738^**	1.229^*	7.416
		有效穗 Effective panicle	30.662^**	1.299	0.091
		穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	34.814^**	0.218	0.003
		千粒重 1000-kernel weight	3796.451^**	3.589	0.084
	I	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	133.636^**	48.374^**	0.112
	II	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	50.072^**	4.408	0.060
	I	氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation	182.658^**	82.530^**	2.395
	II	氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation	86.224^**	26.157^**	0.167
	I	磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation	268.848^**	126.361^**	0.278
	II	磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation	149.059^**	87.727^**	2.036
2022		产量 Yield	15.815^*	0.119	0.176
		有效穗 Effective panicle	70.308^**	0.962	0.154
		穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	28.351^**	1.082	0.412
		千粒重 1000-kernel weight	8131.307^**	0.910	0.474
	I	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	517.003^**	77.750^**	1.665
	II	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	30.725^**	2.121	0.160
	I	氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation	185.366^**	41.353^**	1.061
	II	氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation	39.619^**	6.928^*	0.492
	I	磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation	549.982^**	188.645^**	5.115^*
	II	磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation	60.943^**	8.543^*	0.354

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
2022	BP0	306.67 ± 1.67 bc	153.92 ± 1.84 b	25.59 ± 0.01 a	79.79 ± 0.60 a	9.13 ± 0.26 b
	BP1	310.00 ± 0 b	155.13 ± 0.42 b	25.69 ± 0.09 a	80.51 ± 0.73 a	10.12 ± 0.33 a
	RP0	285.00 ± 10.41 d	177.77 ± 7.60 a	25.59 ± 0.02 a	78.96 ± 0.28 a	10.40 ± 0.34 a
	RP1	290.00 ± 8.66 cd	184.47 ± 4.90 a	25.66 ± 0.08 a	79.37 ± 0.51 a	10.74 ± 0.18 a
	HP0	330.00 ± 5.00 a	157.52 ± 0.77 b	21.88 ± 0 b	71.44 ± 0.31 b	7.45 ± 0.36 c
	HP1	338.33 ± 1.67 a	159.28 ± 1.04 b	21.93 ± 0.02 b	72.01 ± 0.40 b	7.77 ± 0.34 c
2023	BP0	302.14 ± 2.03 c	154.12 ± 1.18 b	25.19 ± 0.03 a	78.33 ± 0.38 a	8.56 ± 0.26 a
	BP1	308.22 ± 4.06 bc	155.15 ± 1.08 b	25.19 ± 0.03 a	78.89 ± 0.85 a	8.99 ± 0.27 a
	RP0	318.36 ± 4.06 b	175.02 ± 2.63 a	25.11 ± 0.05 a	73.74 ± 0.56 bc	9.15 ± 0.30 a
	RP1	320.39 ± 7.31 b	175.74 ± 2.67 a	25.17 ± 0.04 a	74.65 ± 0.43 b	9.50 ± 0.13 a
	HP0	352.83 ± 3.51 a	144.43 ± 4.69 c	21.21 ± 0.01 b	70.90 ± 1.05 d	7.78 ± 0.68 a
	HP1	354.86 ± 2.03 a	149.71 ± 3.03 bc	21.22 ± 0.04 b	72.02 ± 0.29 cd	8.18 ± 0.93 a

年份 Year	处理Treatment	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (t hm^-2)		转运量 Transport (t hm^-2)	转运率 Transport rate (%)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution to grain (%)
年份 Year	处理Treatment	齐穗期 Full heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage	转运量 Transport (t hm^-2)	转运率 Transport rate (%)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution to grain (%)
2022	BP0	14.84 ± 0.09 b	20.94 ± 0.65 c	6.10 ± 0.66 b	28.99 ± 2.26 b	43.66 ± 1.64 a	66.79 ± 6.63 a
	BP1	15.96 ± 0.15 a	22.19 ± 0.28 bc	6.23 ± 0.17 b	28.06 ± 0.47 b	45.64 ± 2.01 a	61.78 ± 3.50 a
	RP0	14.86 ± 0.06 b	23.83 ± 0.60 ab	8.98 ± 0.66 a	37.57 ± 1.76 a	43.63 ± 0.46 a	86.08 ± 3.56 a
	RP1	16.13 ± 0.12 a	24.66 ± 0.58 a	8.53 ± 0.52 a	34.54 ± 1.34 ab	43.60 ± 1.34 a	79.55 ± 5.44 a
	HP0	12.01 ± 0.36 d	17.68 ± 0.39 d	5.66 ± 0.28 b	32.04 ± 1.39 ab	42.16 ± 2.29 a	76.80 ± 7.56 a
	HP1	13.10 ± 0.27 c	18.72 ± 0.92 d	5.62 ± 1.06 b	29.58 ± 4.48 b	41.87 ± 3.69 a	73.36 ± 15.90 a
2023	BP0	14.83 ± 0.09 d	22.42 ± 0.71 cd	7.59 ± 0.75 a	32.69 ± 2.34 a	38.26 ± 1.52 a	88.73 ± 9.39 a
	BP1	16.09 ± 0.09 c	24.02 ± 1.52 bc	7.93 ± 1.44 a	33.54 ± 3.75 a	37.77 ± 3.00 a	88.79 ± 17.26 a
	RP0	17.46 ± 0.32 b	26.43 ± 0.38 ab	8.97 ± 0.67 a	32.89 ± 2.09 a	34.66 ± 1.41 a	98.29 ± 8.60 a
	RP1	19.00 ± 0.06 a	27.30 ± 0.43 a	8.29 ± 0.48 a	31.35 ± 1.28 a	34.84 ± 1.03 a	87.46 ± 6.22 a
	HP0	12.23 ± 0.21 f	19.66 ± 0.87 d	7.02 ± 0.72 a	32.30 ± 2.37 a	40.62 ± 4.38 a	92.79 ± 16.31 a
	HP1	13.15 ± 0.09 e	20.32 ± 0.85 d	6.76 ± 0.71 a	32.80 ± 2.35 a	41.49 ± 5.96 a	87.21 ± 20.24 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	粒长 Length (mm)	粒宽 Width (mm)	垩白度Chalkiness degree (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	碱消值 Alkali spreading value (mm)	直链淀粉Amylose content (%)	蛋白质 Protein content (%)
2022	BP0	6.34±0.03 b	1.90±0.01 b	6.77±0.11 ab	81.50±1.04 a	5.17±0.15 bc	12.48±0.07 bc	8.67±0.04 ab
	BP1	6.43±0.04 a	1.91±0.01 b	6.65±0.28 b	80.00±0.29 ab	5.28±0.16 abc	12.88±0.29 b	8.85±0.13 a
	RP0	6.09±0.02 c	2.13±0.01 a	6.88±0.26 ab	79.83±0.60 ab	4.83±0.15 c	11.90±0.10 c	8.62±0.23 ab
	RP1	6.17±0.01 c	2.14±0.01 a	6.42±0.07 b	78.17±0.93 b	5.08±0.12 bc	12.32±0.20 bc	8.80±0.16 a
	HP0	6.18±0.04 c	1.79±0.01 c	7.50±0.23 a	70.50±0.58 c	5.65±0.21 a	14.02±0.23 a	8.07±0.20 c
	HP1	6.30±0.02 b	1.80±0.02 c	7.17±0.38 ab	68.50±0.29 c	5.72±0.13 a	14.32±0.21 a	8.22±0.16 bc
2023	BP0	6.61±0.04 ab	2.02±0.04 b	6.73±0.12 bc	82.83±0.73 a	4.68±0.04 c	12.28±0.08 bc	8.62±0.09 abc
	BP1	6.70±0.04 a	2.02±0.04 b	6.40±0.20 cd	81.17±0.44 a	4.87±0.15 bc	12.43±0.03 b	8.82±0.19 a
	RP0	6.22±0.03 d	2.19±0.03 a	7.55±0.10 a	81.67±0.44 a	4.88±0.04 bc	11.77±0.09 c	8.45±0.08 bc
	RP1	6.31±0.04 d	2.21±0.04 a	7.05±0.21 b	80.33±1.17 a	5.10±0.15 b	12.12±0.12 b	8.67±0.12 ab
	HP0	6.50±0.03 c	1.90±0.03 c	6.42±0.09 cd	71.17±1.76 b	6.15±0.08 a	14.20±0.24 a	8.08±0.02 d
	HP1	6.56±0.01 bc	1.91±0.01 c	6.18±0.10 d	69.50±1.76 b	6.32±0.12 a	14.48±0.27 a	8.32±0.04 cd

Effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid on rice yield, quality, and nutrient uptake

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