不同养分管理措施对稻田和旱地油菜产量的影响及其对冻害的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44153

Abstract

Abstract:

Freezing stress during the bolting stage is one of the critical factors limiting the yield increase of winter oilseed rape. Optimizing nutrient management practices can effectively mitigate cold damage stress in oilseed rape. During the 2023/2024 growing season, the Yangtze River Basin in China experienced two rounds of cold waves, resulting in varying levels of reduction in oilseed rape production. To investigate the effects of different nutrient management strategies on the growth of paddy oilseed rape (rice-oilseed rape rotation) and upland oilseed rape (maize-oilseed rape rotation), as well as their responses to freezing stress, a field experiment was conducted in Shayang county, Hubei province. The study incorporated meteorological data across two oilseed rape growing seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024). The main treatments were two planting patterns: paddy-grown oilseed rape in rice-oilseed rape rotation and upland oilseed rape in maize-oilseed rape rotation. The subplot treatments included no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), optimized fertilization (NPK) and optimized fertilization + straw + organic fertilization (NPK+S+M). The analysis encompassed oilseed rape yield, yield components and shoot biomass, further revealing the differential response of oilseed rape to freezing stress across the two rotations. The results showed that in 2022/2023 (control year), upland oilseed rape had higher yields than paddy oilseed rape. However, in 2023/2024 (freezing stress year), paddy oilseed rape outperformed upland oilseed rape in terms of yield. Under CK, CF, NPK, and NPK+S+M treatments, the yield reduction rates caused by freezing stress were 74.9%, 54.6%, 61.1% and 68.1% in paddy fields, and 70.8%, 71.7%, 69.0%, 71.6% in upland fields, respectively. Freezing stress had the greatest impact on the number of siliques per plant reducing it by an average of 28.3% in paddy fields and 29.7% in upland fields. Following this, the 1000-seed weight was affected, with an average reduction of 16.5% in paddy field and 38.8% in upland fields. Notably, after freezing stress, the contribution of 1000-seed weight to total yield increased. The response of shoot biomass to nutrient management and freezing stress followed a similar trend to yield. Correlation analysis between oilseed rape yield and meteorological factors revealed a significant positive correlation between mean maximum temperature and yield, and a significant negative correlation between yield and the number of days with temperatures ≤ 0℃ days, ≤ -3℃ days and total precipitation. In conclusion, paddy-grown oilseed rape and upland oilseed rape exhibited different sensitivities to low-temperature stress, which were influenced by nutrient management practices. Paddy oilseed rape demonstrated superior freeze resistance compared to upland oilseed rape. Providing adequate nutrient supply, particularly under CF treatment, was found to be the most effective strategy for mitigating cold stress and improving yield.

Key words: nutrient management, rice-oilseed rape rotation, maize-oilseed rape rotation, freezing stress, oilseed rape production

SHENG Qian-Nan, FANG Ya-Ting, ZHAO Jian, DU Si-Yao, HU Xing-Zhen, YU Qiu-hua, ZHU Jun, REN Tao, LU Jian-Wei. Effects of different nutrient management practices on oilseed rape yield and their response to freezing stress between upland and paddy-upland rotations[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1286-1298.

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年份 Year	日期 Date	生育时期 Growth stage	平均最高气温 Mean maximum temperature (℃)	平均最低气温 Mean minimum temperature (℃)	日平均气温 Daily mean temperature (℃)	≤ 0℃天数 ≤ 0℃ days (d)
对照年 Control year	10/25-12/25	移栽期-苗期 Transplanting stage-seedling stage	15.8	7.1	10.8	9
	12/25-02/15	越冬期-抽薹期 Overwintering stage-bolting stage	10.5	2.1	5.7	15
	02/15-03/20	抽薹期-终花期 Bolting stage-final flowering stage	16.7	7.5	11.8	1
	03/20-05/08	终花期-成熟期 Final flowering stage-maturity stage	22.3	13.4	17.4	0
冻害年Freezing stress year	10/27-12/27	移栽期-苗期 Transplanting stage-seedling stage	15.4	6.4	10.3	10
	12/27-02/27	越冬期-抽薹期 Overwintering stage-bolting stage	9.2	1.6	4.9	22
	02/27-03/27	抽薹期-终花期 Bolting stage-final flowering stage	16.9	8.5	12.2	0
	03/27-05/05	终花期-成熟期 Final flowering stage-maturity stage	23.2	15.2	18.9	0
年份 Year	日期 Date	生育时期 Growth stage	≤ -3℃天数 ≤ -3℃ days (d)	总降雨量 Total precipitation (mm)	≥ 0℃有效积温 ≥ 0℃ effective accumulated temperature (℃)
对照年Control year	10/25-12/25	移栽期-苗期 Transplanting stage-seedling stage	1	30.6	671.3
	12/25-02/15	越冬期-抽薹期 Overwintering stage-bolting stage	2	40.3	298.2
	02/15-03/20	抽薹期-终花期 Bolting stage-final flowering stage	0	23.8	388.3
	03/20-05/08	终花期-成熟期 Final flowering stage-maturity stage	0	140.1	834.1
冻害年Freezing stress year	10/27-12/27	移栽期-苗期 Transplanting stage-seedling stage	3	103.7	628.8
	12/27-02/27	越冬期-抽薹期 Overwintering stage-bolting stage	9	159.2	321.1
	02/27-03/27	抽薹期-终花期 Bolting stage-final flowering stage	0	40.9	354.3
	03/27-05/05	终花期-成熟期 Final flowering stage-maturity stage	0	119.7	737.6

年份 Year	养分管理 Nutrient management	对照年 Control year	冻害年 Freezing stress year	冻害减产量 Yield decrease value	冻害减产率 Yield decrease rate (%)
稻田油菜 Paddy oilseed rape	CK	804±86 c^**	201±65 c	603	74.9
	CF	4137±157 a	1880±112 a^*	2257	54.6
	NPK	3321±367 b	1291±183 b	2030	61.1
	NPK+S+M	4103±570 a	1307±132 b	2796	68.1
旱地油菜 Upland oilseed rape	CK	457±96 c	133±16 b	324	70.8
	CF	4517±418 a	1279±233 a	3238	71.7
	NPK	3661±410 b	1135±135 a	2526	69.0
	NPK+S+M	4111±111 ab	1167±191 a	2944	71.6
方差分析ANOVA		F值F-value
年份Y		811.146^***
轮作R		0.997^ns
养分管理N		248.433^***
Y×R		5.258^*
Y×N		57.642^***
R×N		0.723^ns
Y×R×N		3.303^*

年份 Year	养分管理 Nutrient management	单株有效角果数 Number of effective siliques per plant		每角粒数 Seed number per silique		千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
年份 Year	养分管理 Nutrient management	对照年 Control year	冻害年 Freezing stress year	对照年 Control year	冻害年 Freezing stress year	对照年 Control year	冻害年 Freezing stress year
稻田油菜 Paddy oilseed rape	CK	110.4±20.9 c	60.0±15.0 c	18.9±0.9 b	17.1±2.3 a	3.99±0.12 a	3.78±0.16 a
	CF	506.7±47.6 a	380.0±52.8 a	21.6±0.7 a	17.4±1.2 a	4.24±0.06 a	3.18±0.08 c
	NPK	435.1±19.1 ab	296.7±35.8 b	21.0±1.1 ab	17.8±0.9 a	4.13±0.06 a	3.22±0.14 bc
	NPK+S+M	475.0±41.6 ab	331.2±37.0 ab	21.2±1.7 ab	18.3±0.9 a	4.09±0.08 a	3.54±0.20 ab
旱地油菜 Upland oilseed rape	CK	63.2±9.8 c	42.6±8.0 c	20.4±1.0 a	15.2±0.6 b	4.06±0.11 a	3.75±0.15 a
	CF	505.7±34.7 a	359.2±42.9 a	22.1±3.1 a	19.4±0.2 a	4.10±0.10 a	3.00±0.20 b
	NPK	398.3±40.8 b	273.4±37.7 b	22.4±2.7 a	18.0±0.6 a	4.25±0.09 a	3.17±0.21 b
	NPK+S+M	490.3±51.8 a	314.0±39.1 ab	21.4±1.1 a	18.6±1.5 a	4.02±0.21 a	3.20±0.20 b
方差分析 ANOVA		F值 F-value
年份Y		123.157^***		62.167^***		322.822^***
轮作R		3.146^ns		1.550^ns		3.508^ns
养分管理N		258.189^***		5.485^**		7.333^***
Y×R		0.011^ns		0.738^ns		3.077^ns
Y×N		6.935^***		0.227^ns		19.590^***
R×N		0.527^ns		0.541^ns		2.108^ns
Y×R×N		0.478^ns		1.466^ns		0.345^ns

Effects of different nutrient management practices on oilseed rape yield and their response to freezing stress between upland and paddy-upland rotations

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