耕作方式与添加物对瘠薄型夏玉米田土壤理化性质及籽粒产量形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63003

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of tillage methods and soil amendments on soil physicochemical properties and grain yield formation in low-fertility summer maize fields, a field experiment was conducted during the 2023-2024 summer maize growing seasons in Taiping village, Wangzhuang town, Feicheng city, Shandong province, China. The summer maize cultivar Zhenghuangnuo 2 was used as the experimental material, and a split-plot design was adopted. The main plots consisted of two tillage methods: rotary tillage to 15 cm (RT) and subsoiling to 30 cm combined with rotary tillage to 15 cm (SRT). The subplots consisted of six amendment treatments under equal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium inputs: compound fertilizer at 750 kg hm^-2 (F); compound fertilizer plus water-retaining agent at 60 kg hm^-2 (FW); compound fertilizer plus humic acid at 1500 kg hm^-2 (FH); compound fertilizer plus humic acid at 1500 kg hm^-2 and water-retaining agent at 60 kg hm^-2 (FHW); compound fertilizer plus organic fertilizer at 15 t hm^-2 (FO); and compound fertilizer plus organic fertilizer at 15 t hm^-2 and water-retaining agent at 60 kg hm^-2 (FOW). The regulatory effects of these treatments on soil total porosity, three-phase ratio, water potential, organic matter, and nutrient contents, as well as their effects on maize growth, development, and yield formation in low-fertility summer maize fields, were evaluated. Compared with RT, SRT significantly increased soil total porosity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer by 8.57%, 9.30%, and 14.71%, respectively, and significantly increased soil organic matter content in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers by 11.27% and 14.55%, respectively. Soil amendments significantly increased total porosity, water potential, and gas- and liquid-phase proportions in the 0-20 cm soil layer, thereby improving soil aeration and water-holding capacity. They also increased soil organic matter content, promoted nutrient supply, and ultimately enhanced maize dry matter accumulation and grain yield. Among the amendment treatments, FHW was the most effective in improving soil physicochemical properties and produced the greatest increase in grain yield. Compared with the control, FHW increased aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield by two-year averages of 24.57% and 26.44%, respectively. In conclusion, SRT combined with compound fertilizer, humic acid, and a water-retaining agent (FHW) can serve as an effective measure for improving soil physicochemical properties and increasing summer maize grain yield in low-fertility farmland.

Key words: infertile land, tillage methods, amendments, soil physical and chemical properties, grain yield

Wang Yue-Ying, Ren Hao, Wang Hong-Zhang, Liu Peng, Han Kun. Effects of tillage practices and soil amendments on soil physicochemical properties and grain yield formation in low-fertility summer maize fields[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(10): 3069-3083.

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[54]	Cheng W L, Bu R Y, Han S, et al. Effects of deep tillage combined with organic amendments application on carbon and nitrogen storage within aggregates and wheat yield. Front Plant Sci, 2025, 16: 1669580. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1669580

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添加物 Amendment	腐殖酸 Humic acid (kg hm^-2)	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg hm^-2)	保水剂 Water-retaining agent (kg hm^-2)	复合肥 Compound fertilizer (kg hm^-2)	尿素 Urea (kg hm^-2)	氯化钾 KCl (kg hm^-2)
复合肥F	0	0	0	750.00	32.61	87.50
复合肥+保水剂FW	0	0	60	750.00	32.61	87.50
复合肥+腐殖酸FH	1500	0	0	704.25	50.02	86.06
复合肥+腐殖酸+保水剂FHW	1500	0	60	704.25	50.02	86.06
复合肥+有机肥FO	0	15,000	0	481.25	152.17	82.65
复合肥+有机肥+保水剂FOW	0	15,000	60	481.25	152.17	82.65

年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage method	添加物 Amendment	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	气相 Gas phase (%)	液相 Solid phase (%)	固相 Liquid phase (%)	土壤三相比 R
2023	SRT	F	18.48 e	8.97 c	25.93 b	65.10 a	15.69 a
		FW	22.99 d	10.10 abc	30.17 a	59.73 bc	14.06 bc
		FH	35.44 b	10.50 ab	29.87 a	59.63 bc	13.67 bc
		FHW	40.23 a	11.53 a	31.07 a	57.40 c	12.94 c
		FO	20.58 de	9.70 bc	29.43 a	60.87 b	14.40 b
		FOW	28.59 c	10.93 ab	30.57 a	58.50 bc	13.36 bc
	RT	F	17.91 c	7.70 b	23.97 c	68.33 a	17.75 a
		FW	19.28 c	10.17 a	26.67 ab	63.17 b	14.29 b
		FH	31.66 a	10.53 a	27.37 ab	62.10 bc	13.77 b
		FHW	32.33 a	10.97 a	28.63 a	60.40 c	13.21 b
		FO	19.76 c	10.27 a	26.23 bc	63.50 b	14.31 b
		FOW	23.68 b	10.50 a	26.90 ab	62.60 bc	13.90 b
2024	SRT	F	36.13 c	10.30 e	22.53 d	67.17 a	15.92 a
		FW	40.27 ab	11.61 d	23.35 cd	65.04 b	14.17 b
		FH	40.37 ab	13.79 ab	26.44 b	59.77 d	10.75 cd
		FHW	40.77 ab	14.67 a	30.40 a	54.93 e	10.14 d
		FO	38.40 bc	12.05 cd	24.76 c	63.19 c	13.05 b
		FOW	42.10 a	12.91 bc	26.73 b	60.36 d	11.56 c
	RT	F	34.73 b	9.10 d	21.95 c	68.96 a	17.46 a
		FW	39.77 ab	9.97 cd	23.61 c	66.42 ab	15.66 ab
		FH	40.33 ab	12.85 ab	27.18 a	59.97 de	11.54 de
		FHW	40.50 ab	14.04 a	28.27 a	57.69 e	10.31 e
		FO	36.27 ab	11.36 bc	23.32 c	65.32 bc	14.44 bc
		FOW	41.47 a	12.21 ab	25.37 b	62.42 cd	12.65 cd
方差分析	年份Year (Y)		**	**	**	**	**
ANOVA	耕作方式Tillage method (T)		**	**	**	**	**
	添加物Amendment (A)		**	**	**	**	**
	Y×T		**	ns	**	*	ns
	Y×A		**	**	**	**	**
	T×A		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×T×A		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage method	添加物 Amendment	生物量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	穗数 Ears number (×10⁴hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
2023	SRT	F	19.72 c	6.24 b	443.27 e	311.57 c	7.33 e
		FW	21.39 bc	6.24 b	479.38 d	319.02 bc	8.11 d
		FH	24.11 a	6.28 ab	535.60 a	331.94 b	9.49 b
		FHW	24.24 a	6.34 a	540.69 a	346.74 a	10.10 a
		FO	20.92 bc	6.22 b	494.16 c	314.98 c	8.23 d
		FOW	23.06 ab	6.23 b	511.91 b	319.77 bc	8.67 c
	RT	F	18.04 c	6.22 b	435.24 d	299.46 c	6.89 e
		FW	20.04 bc	6.23 b	481.66 c	303.83 c	7.75 d
		FH	22.04 ab	6.24 b	504.42 ab	330.10 ab	8.83 ab
		FHW	22.54 a	6.32 a	509.91 a	335.25 a	9.18 a
		FO	20.12 b	6.22 b	482.56 c	310.02 bc	7.91 cd
		FOW	21.36 ab	6.23 b	500.91 b	316.26 abc	8.39 bc
2024	SRT	F	18.37 d	6.22 a	505.43 c	300.15 c	8.02 e
		FW	20.03 cd	6.23 a	516.33 b	307.29 c	8.40 d
		FH	22.56 ab	6.26 a	525.23 ab	329.36 a	9.20 ab
		FHW	23.68 a	6.27 a	528.59 a	334.21 a	9.42 a
		FO	21.51 bc	6.24 a	518.02 b	316.95 b	8.71 cd
		FOW	21.96 b	6.23 a	523.55 ab	321.57 b	8.92 bc
	RT	F	17.98 c	6.20 b	508.54 b	286.09 d	7.67 d
		FW	19.53 bc	6.20 ab	514.43 ab	291.72 c	7.91 c
		FH	21.40 ab	6.23 ab	520.87 a	323.14 a	8.91 a
		FHW	21.87 a	6.25 a	523.70 a	326.42 a	9.08 a
		FO	20.37 ab	6.22 ab	517.41 ab	312.24 b	8.54 b
		FOW	20.82 ab	6.24 ab	518.48 a	314.96 b	8.66 b
方差分析 ANOVA	年份Year (Y)		**	**	**	**	**
方差分析 ANOVA	耕作方式Tillage method (T)		**	*	**	**	**
	添加物Amendment (A)		**	**	**	**	**
	Y×T		ns	ns	**	ns	ns
	Y×A		ns	**	**	**	**
	T×A		ns	ns	**	ns	ns
	Y×T×A		ns	ns	**	ns	ns

年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage method	添加物 Amendment	生产成本Production cost (yuan hm^-2)
年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage method	添加物 Amendment	种子Seed	农药Pesticide		肥料Fertilizer		机械Machine	合计Summation
2023	SRT	F	180	270		2250		2100	4800
		FW	180	270		2970		2100	5520
		FH	180	270		3000		2100	5550
		FHW	180	270		3720		2100	6270
		FO	180	270		6750		2100	9300
		FOW	180	270		7470		2100	10,020
	RT	F	180	270		2250		1400	4100
		FW	180	270		2970		1400	4820
		FH	180	270		3000		1400	4850
		FHW	180	270		3720		1400	5570
		FO	180	270		6750		1400	8600
		FOW	180	270		7470		1400	9320
2024	SRT	F	180	300		2250		2100	4830
		FW	180	300		2970		2100	5550
		FH	180	300		3000		2100	5580
		FHW	180	300		3720		2100	6300
		FO	180	300		6750		2100	9330
		FOW	180	300		7470		2100	10,050
	RT	F	180	300		2250		1400	4130
		FW	180	300		2970		1400	4850
		FH	180	300		3000		1400	4880
		FHW	180	300		3720		1400	5600
		FO	180	300		6750		1400	8630
		FOW	180	300		7470		1400	9350
年份 Year	耕作方式 Tillage method	添加物 Amendment	产值 Output value (yuan hm^-2)		纯收益 Net income (yuan hm^-2)		较F增加纯收益 Increase in net income compared to F (yuan hm^-2)
2023	SRT	F	19,204.6		14,404.6		—
		FW	21,248.2		15,728.2		1323.6
		FH	24,863.8		19,313.8		4909.2
		FHW	26,462.0		20,192.0		5787.4
		FO	21,562.6		12,262.6		-2142.0
		FOW	22,715.4		12,695.4		-1709.2
	RT	F	18,051.8		13,951.8		—
		FW	20,305.0		15,485.0		1533.2
		FH	23,134.6		18,284.6		4332.8
		FHW	24,051.6		18,481.6		4529.8
		FO	20,724.2		12,124.2		-1827.6
		FOW	21,981.8		12,661.8		-1290.0
2024	SRT	F	16,521.2		11,691.2		—
		FW	17,304.0		11,754.0		62.8
		FH	18,952.0		13,372.0		1680.8
		FHW	19,405.2		13,105.2		1414.0
		FO	17,942.6		8612.6		-3078.6
		FOW	18,375.2		8325.2		-3366.0
	RT	F	15,800.2		11,670.2		—
		FW	16,294.6		11,444.6		-225.6
		FH	18,354.6		13,474.6		1804.4
		FHW	18,704.8		13,104.8		1434.6
		FO	17,592.4		8962.4		-2707.8
		FOW	17,839.6		8489.6		-3180.6

Effects of tillage practices and soil amendments on soil physicochemical properties and grain yield formation in low-fertility summer maize fields

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